What are the characteristics of the cross-harbour tunnel?

What are the characteristics of the cross-harbour tunnel? (1) Submarine geological exploration through deep water is more difficult, more expensive and less accurate than on the ground, so the risk of encountering unpredictable adverse geological conditions is greater.

(2) Hypertonic pressure may cause a large amount of water to flow into the highly permeable or disturbed stratum or the channel connected with the open water surface, especially the sudden water gushing in the fault fracture zone. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the prediction of unfavorable geology and water gushing points in construction.

(3) High pore water pressure will reduce the effective stress of tunnel surrounding rock, thus reducing the arching effect and stratum stability.

(4) The subsea tunnel can't naturally drain water, and the water plugging technology is the key technology. Before excavation, grouting is used to reinforce surrounding rock and block the outlet. Strengthen mechanical drainage while plugging water, mainly plugging and combining plugging and pumping.

(5) The lining bears large water pressure for a long time.

(6) Due to the long distance, long construction period and large investment of single-port continuous excavation, a device capable of rapid excavation must be adopted.

(7) Weathered trough/capsule section in sea area, fully weathered and strongly weathered section of shoal, with weak surrounding rock, weak self-stabilization ability and strong water-abundance, and slightly improper construction may cause large deformation, collapse and even sudden water inrush.

What are the main types of cross-harbour tunnels? The main types of submarine tunnels are: underground excavation tunnels (similar to land tunnels) and immersed tube tunnels connected by immersed tubes installed on the seabed.

What cross-harbour tunnels are there in China? They are already in use from Kowloon to Hong Kong Island. Xiamen: Xiamen to Kinmen is under planning.

What buses are there in the cross-harbour tunnel from Qingdao to Huangdao? Four tunnel bus lines are priced by one-vote system, and tickets are not sold. The adult coin-operated fare is 2.00 yuan/person, and Qindao Pass Card and Bus IC Card 1.92 yuan/person.

The specific route is:

Tunnel 1 Road: From Shandong University of Science and Technology to the municipal hospital, the length of the line is about 34.5 kilometers. * * Located in Shandong University of Science and Technology, Aucma Industrial Park, West Coast Hospital, Qingdao Binhai College, East Gate of Bonded Port Area, Huangdao Transportation Bureau, Huangdao Long-distance Station, Huangdao District * *, Wharf Leisure Village, Qingyun Mountain Road, Beichuan Staff Apartment, Beichuan Heavy Industry, Wuchuan Heavy Industry, etc.

Tunnel No.2: From Xuejiadao Bus Hub Station of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel to Tiantai Stadium, the line length is about 15km. * * 8 stations including Xuejiadao Bus Hub Station of Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel, Wuchuan Heavy Industry, Tuandao, Qingdao Railway Station, Trestle, Luxun Park, Bathing Beach and Tiantai Stadium.

Tunnel No.3: From Xuejiadao Bus Hub Station of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel to Lijin Road Bus Terminal, the line length is about17km. * * 65,438+065,438+includes Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel Xuejiadao Bus Hub Station, Wuchuan Heavy Industry, Tuandao, Dongping Road, Qingdao Railway Station, Zhongshan Road, Municipal Hospital, Chengde Road, No.15 Middle School, Taidong and Lijin Road Passenger Stations.

Tunnel No.4: Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel Xuejiadao Bus Hub Station to Sifang Long-distance Station, with a line length of about 16.5km * *. There are 8 stations including Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel Xuejiadao Bus Hub Station, Wuchuan Heavy Industry, Heze Road, Sailor, Taishan Road, Huayang Road, changchun road and Sifang Long-distance Station.

What is the origin of the cross-harbour tunnel? Cross-harbour tunnel is a channel connecting the two sides of the Taiwan Province Strait and an integral part of land transportation. So how did the cross-harbour tunnel come into being?

Because the sea traffic is greatly affected by weather conditions, once there is strong wind or fog, the ferry will be forced to stop. This strait is the hub of land and water transportation. In order to solve this transportation problem across the strait and the bay, and at the same time enable ships in the strait and the bay to sail normally, countries have begun to build submarine tunnels. Japan is the first country in the world to build a submarine tunnel. The Qinghai-Hankou subsea tunnel in Japan has a total length of 53.85 kilometers and a submarine part of 23.3 kilometers. The diameter of the main tunnel is 1 1 m, and two railways are laid. From the start of construction to the opening of 1987, it took 23 years and cost $3.7 billion. The English Channel Tunnel is the most expensive subsea tunnel project in the world. Connecting Britain and France, the total length is 53 kilometers, and the seabed part is 38 kilometers, and the cost is 654.38+0.7 billion US dollars.

English undersea tunnel

What are the construction methods of the subsea tunnel? There are usually three ways to build a cross-harbour tunnel:

(1) shield method (a kind of roadheader). At present, this method is widely used.

This method has little impact on the ground (or seabed). During its construction, the shield machine is mainly used to advance in the stratum, the circular cutter head in front cuts the earth and stone, the waste slag is transported out of the tunnel through the conveyor belt, and the prefabricated tunnel segments (that is, the stress structure of the tunnel) are assembled at the same time.

(2) Immersed tube method. Used to be used a lot.

Immersed tube tunnel is an underwater tunnel formed by floating several prefabricated sections to the sea surface (river surface) and sinking them one by one in the dredged foundation trench. At present, immersed tube method is relatively mature, generally compared with shield method.

(3) Mining Law. Less used.

This method is mostly used to build mountain tunnels. Drill holes in a certain way during excavation, and then bury explosives for blasting excavation. This method is generally used in the surrounding rock of rock tunnels or areas with good surrounding rock. When the tunnel crosses the seabed, if it is built in deep rock below the seabed, mining method can be used.

Among these three construction methods, shield method is the most commonly used. For example, the famous British-French cross-harbour tunnel was built by shield method.

Find the length of the Anglo-French Cross-Harbour Tunnel and the length of the Qinghuang Cross-Harbour Tunnel. The English Channel Tunnel, also known as the British-French Cross-Harbour Tunnel or the European Tunnel, is a railway tunnel connecting the British Isles with Europe and France. Opened on May 6th, 1994. It consists of three parallel tunnels with a length of 5 1km, with a total length of 153km, of which the subsea tunnel is 3×38km, which is the longest subsea tunnel in the world at present.

The total length of Huang Qing subsea tunnel project is 6170m, of which the tunnel is 5550m (the sea area is 3300m) and the open-cut section at both ends is 620m. The maximum depth of the bay mouth is 42 meters. The total length of the tunnel is 7.8 kilometers, of which the submarine tunnel is about 3.95 kilometers long, with two-way six lanes, with a design speed of 80 kilometers per hour and a total investment of about 3.298 billion yuan.

What fish are there in Qingdao Underwater World Tunnel? Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan City, formerly directly under the Central Committee: "East China Metallurgical Institute". Key universities. There are many liberal arts majors, surpassing Hefei University of Technology. They are all comprehensive universities of arts and sciences.

What kinds of fish are there in the submarine tunnel of Sino-Thai Aquarium? There are many kinds of marine fish, such as Perciformes, Cypriniformes, Herringiformes, Chondrichthyes and so on. Are you looking for some kind of fish? Have you got any pictures?