Correct use of marks

Correct use of marker pen 1 Instructions for use of marker pen

On the basis of line drawing, other materials and techniques can also be used for in-depth description, such as colored pens and watercolors. , increase the level and three-dimensional sense.

Coloring step of mark

sketch

First of all, it is best to start the manuscript with a pencil, and then outline the bone line with a pen. When you hook the bone line, you should be open, not rigid, and allow mistakes, because the marker can help you cover up some mistakes, and then you should put down the marker and dare to draw, otherwise you will be stingy and have no tension. Color, it is best to copy the actual color, and some can exaggerate and highlight the theme, making the picture impactful and attractive.

coincide

Don't overlap the colors too much, it will stain the picture. If necessary, you can overlap a little to achieve richer colors. Don't use too many bright colors. You can use some flowers and books, but you can also use those that require individuality, but you should pay attention to the arrangement and unity of the pictures. The colors that markers don't have can be supplemented by colored pens, and colored lead can also be used to ease the jump of strokes, but it is still advocated to emphasize strokes.

Nak expression technique

Markers are generally divided into oil and water. The former pigment can be diluted with toluene, which has strong permeability and is especially suitable for painting on tracing paper (sulfuric acid paper). The latter pigment is soluble in water and is usually used for painting on cardboard or coated paper. In the drawing of indoor perspective, oily marker is commonly used. The technology of oily marker pen is also emphasized here.

There are many colors of marker pens, usually as many as hundreds. The distribution of colors is divided into several series according to common frequency, some of which are commonly used gray series with different color levels, which is very convenient to use. Its nib generally has a variety of thicknesses, and lines with different thicknesses can be drawn according to the different angles of the nib. Markers have the characteristics of fast drawing speed, rich colors and strong expressive force, and are especially favored by architects and interior designers. We can create various styles of indoor performance diagrams by using the various characteristics of the tag. If you use a marker to draw on sulfuric acid paper, you can blend the colors before drying to produce the effect of watercolor painting. You can also use the translucent effect of sulfuric acid paper to render the back of the paper with a marker.

The first time you use a metallic paint pen, you have to press the tip of the pen on the paper several times before it comes out.

Usually, a marker is used to draw an indoor performance chart. First, outline the main scenes and scenery of the indoor performance map with a drawing pen (stylus), and then color it with a marker. The oily color layer and ink line do not cover each other, and the color blocks are in strong contrast, which has a strong sense of form.

In order to draw color blocks evenly, it is necessary to transport pens quickly and evenly; To draw a clear border, you can use film and other things to cover it locally; To draw the vignetting effect of color gradient, you can use a colorless marker to vignetting; The color of marker pen can be used to make various special effects by eraser, blade scraping and other methods. Markers can also be used with other painting techniques. For example, use watercolor or gouache to make a large area of sky, ground and wall, and then use marker to depict details or embellish the scenery, so as to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses and complement each other. Ink painting and comprehensive expression techniques.

Experience in using marker pen

Use an oily stylus (KINOMOTO SAKURA). Every time you draw a picture, if you just draw a line, put an oily marker on it. Because it is oily, it is easy to spend. Unless you draw it every other night. According to my experience, you can color the reverse side of sulfuric acid paper, or spend some money on a large printing factory, where there will be a machine that can do many things, such as copying and printing pictures.

You can give him your sketch, tell him you want to copy it, and he will put your drawing in the machine, and it will be OK in 20 seconds. That machine can print pictures of any size, and it can be copied on sulfuric acid paper, and the price is very cheap. A4 15 yuan. A 1 de 12 yuan.

You can use a marker that won't confuse the photocopying line, that is, an oily marker of alcohol series. Secondly, try to avoid repeating the outline of lines when painting, so as not to damage the paper. After painting, you must have a certain drying time, and don't touch it with your hands.

Generally, large professional landscape companies do this, which can avoid the line draft being spent by markers. Some people like to color the reverse side of sulfuric acid paper. There are several kinds of sulfuric acid paper on the market now, one of which looks the same as the high quality, but after coloring, it will feel that the transparency is not good and the front looks gray.

Suggestions on the use of tags

Beginners may wish to refer to the following methods when drawing such performance diagrams.

(1) Use cold gray or warm gray mark to draw the basic light and dark tones in the picture.

⑵ In the process of carrying a pen, you should not use it too often. After the first color dries, apply the second color accurately and quickly. Otherwise, the color will ooze out and become turbid, without the transparent and clean characteristics of markers.

(3) When using markers, the strokes are mostly flat lines, and the direction and density of lines are regularly organized, which is conducive to the formation of a unified picture style. You can use methods such as arranging pens, pointing pens, jumping pens, fainting pens, and leaving blank spaces. , need to be flexible.

(4) The coverage of markers is not strong, and light colors cannot cover dark colors. Therefore, in the process of rendering the color on the map, it is necessary to paint the light color first and then paint the dark color. Moreover, we should pay attention to the harmony between colors, avoid using too bright colors and use neutral tones.

5] Simply using markers will inevitably leave shortcomings. Therefore, it should be used with tools such as colored lead and watercolor. Sometimes mixed with alcohol, there will be a magical effect on the picture.

How to use the marker correctly 2 How to use the marker? How to use marker to make painting effect better? What is the correct way to use the marker? Is it difficult to learn to draw? How to learn painting well? How to learn to draw? Presumably, these are questions that beginners often think about. They want to paint with markers, but they don't know the methods and steps.

So, today's painting reaction has been collected and sorted out on the Internet. The tutorial on how to use markers to color is very simple for everyone. Let's take a quick look at Pa:

First of all, we need to know that in the process of using markers, there should not be too many strokes. After the first color is dry, paint the second color. Should be accurate and fast. Otherwise, the color will ooze out and form a fuzzy shape, without the characteristics of a transparent and clean marker ~ get to the point. The first step is to shape, then draw lines with a cherry blossom needle, and then use a marker. The mark must also be loosened. Don't be afraid of painting, or you will be stingy and have no tension. Color, it is best to copy the actual color, some can be exaggerated, highlight the theme, and make the picture impactful and attractive.

Secondly, markers should not overlap too many colors, which is easy to get dirty. It is different from water-soluble colored lead or gouache. Markers are rich in colors, emphasize strokes, and can overlap some colors appropriately. But if the colors overlap differently, the second color can only be painted after the background color dries. Don't push too hard. If you can't achieve the ideal painting effect, you can use other painting tools, such as colored pens.

Markers are generally divided into oil and water. The former pigment can be diluted with toluene, which has strong permeability and is especially suitable for tracing. The latter pigment is soluble in water and is usually used for painting on cardboard or coated paper. Generally speaking, oiliness is widely used in interior design.

Correct use of marks Chapter III Key points of basic exercises

Distinguish the performance of colored materials such as markers and colored lead;

Master the method of writing;

Excessive and varied coloring.

In the classification of marker strokes, the straight line is the most difficult to grasp, so we should pay attention to the light and even strength of starting and closing the pen, and write decisively to avoid snakelike lines.

The lines should be smooth, and the tip of the marker should completely touch the paper, so that the lines will be smooth. Use the combination of vertical and horizontal strokes to express the level and effect of some strokes. Be sure to wait for the first time to dry before drawing the second time, otherwise the colors will blend together and there will be no outline of strokes. The strokes in different directions are relatively free and random, only a small angle is needed to change the direction, and there are not many rules to follow. The key is to practice more and use more.

Color practice of logo block

Common cubic marker coloring expression: First, use wooden marker to understate, and then use colored pencil to shape wood grain on its surface after air drying. Cylindrical objects should pay attention to the transition of light and shade on their surfaces, and the boundary between light and shade should be clear and definite.

Common geometric marker coloring expression, using one or two markers to shape the light-dark relationship and black-white-gray relationship of geometric monomers, is a common practice method in the initial stage of practicing marker blocks; The color of the pen and the superposition of strokes directly affect the expression effect of the picture.

The brush strokes of geometric objects should also be rehearsed according to the perspective changes, and the arrangement of the light receiving surface and the light emitting surface is more obvious. Note the connection between squares and the change of projection.

In the early stage of practicing architectural marker blocks, it is a common practice method to shape the relationship between light and shade and the relationship between black, white and gray with one or two markers. The color of the pen and the superposition of strokes directly affect the expression effect of the picture.

Planning technical analysis

Master the overall coloring of aircraft;

Coloring of single group and single group elements;

The center of the picture, the priority of coloring.

It is relatively simple to plan plane coloring and master the general relationship. Don't be too detailed. When practicing, first practice the coloring expression of these single-plane plants.

The difference of plants on the plane can make the grass on the ground brighter, and vice versa for trees. Draw the water surface smoothly, don't make too many changes.

The road surface can be colored according to the projection, and the color is heavier where there is a projection. Elsewhere, from near to far, gray is overused. Draw some bright ground as needed, such as light red, earth red, grayish yellow, etc.

Planning space representation step

Spatial coloring difference between sulfuric acid paper and carbon paper;

The ethereal and true color of the whole space;

The relationship between light and shade of the picture, the strength of color falling shadow.

Case 1

Step 1: Color the plants, find two or three shades of green, and change from bright to dark along the direction of the light source. In addition, the grass can be brightly colored and the trees are dark. Where you want to be empty in the distance, you can use lighter or colder colors to make it empty.

Step 2: As the color of water, you can choose pure blue. If the accumulated water area is not large, it can be applied directly, and there is no need to change it. If the area is large, you can add some light blue or leave some white blur.

Step 3: The ground part, usually find some light colors. It is not advisable to draw too much gray, which is easy to get dirty. Different places change according to the distance or the influence of light and shadow.

Step 4: Color the highway part, usually gray, which can be near, far, shallow and flat, or just draw the projection positions of trees and buildings.

Finish the drawing effect: the color of the building is mainly the main building, so you can enrich the color of the main building first. Other building blocks can be distinguished by light and dark sides, and the depth is from near to far. Give priority to with general things, Xiaodong need not draw too fine.

Watch industry tourism

Step 1: Complete the aerial sketch of the planning area according to the architectural modeling and site factors of the planning area. In the process of drawing lines, attention should be paid to the volume relationship and spatial structure level of the site, which should be clear and clear. The emphasis of hand-drawn expression in planning and design is to highlight the building site selection, transportation network and functional zoning, and its scenery should be weakened.

Step 2: start coloring from the green plant area, with light color as the main color, and pay attention to leaving blank.

Step 3: Describe the planning part of the main building. Draw the inherent color first, then strengthen the contrast between light and shade of buildings, and pay attention to being close to reality and far from imagination.

Step 4: Strengthen the contrast between light and shade of the whole space and adjust the relationship between near reality and far emptiness. Then adjust the color relationship of landscape plants, and you can use gray or blue to reconcile the brighter green.

Case 3

Step 1: Draw perspective space According to the three-point perspective, draw the road network first, then locate the building position and pull up the space. Add scenery and projection.

Step 2: color the main building of the picture, from top to bottom, from deep to shallow, the whole building complex, from the front part to the back part, one by one.

Step 3: add gray to the main projection of the ground, which is near heavy and far light, and consider bright color for the plant part first.

Step 4: Add some cool colors to the deeper and more saturated green on distant plants. The material of the ground is added with some used colors and yellow parts.

Finish the painting effect: add some light warm green as ambient light to the glass part of the building, but not too much, plus some highlights and finishing touches. Add green at the top of the business layer, and finally improve some details such as dark parts.

Case 4

Step 1: locate the space perspective position with a pencil first, and then draw a line drawing with a common signature pen and ruler, paying attention to the center of the picture and the reality of buildings near and far.

Step 2: First, choose a gray color and draw it on the backlight surface of the building. Make some changes to make it more vivid and draw some shadows.

Step 3: Choose gray-green to color the plants, just make some simple changes in the dark part of the plants, and the dark side of the building can be changed to light blue or light purple.

Step 4: Paint the pavement gray 1 or 2 and the water surface light blue. The middle part of the whole picture should be rich.

Finish: For the nearby water surface, deepen it with deeper blue. You can consider using colored lead, adding some blue lead equivalent to the color of the water surface in the sky, and finally deepening some dark parts of the building projection. You can use dark blue and dark gray, or even pure black.

How to Use Markers Correctly Chapter 4 (1) Markers are divided into flat heads and round heads. The front and side of the flat head are painted with colors of different widths, which can give full play to its modeling characteristics and form its own unique style.

(2) The marker pen is not easy to be modified after being colored. Generally it should be shallow first and then deep. When coloring, you don't have to spread the color all over the picture. If you focus on local depiction, the picture will be more lively and vivid. Markers with the same color will appear deeper when superimposed, but the effect of repeated superposition is not obvious and it is easy to dye.

(3) Like pencil drawing, the pen holder of marker pen can be divided into freehand and tool, which should be selected according to different scenes and object shapes, textures and performance styles, as shown in the figure.

(4) Water-based markers can be dipped in water with a brush (it is difficult to clean), and oily markers can be washed off with a pen or cotton ball dipped in toluene.

(5) The brushwork and interest of marker pen are pleasing to the eye, but expensive. You can dip the oil painting pen and chalk in watercolor paint, use a ruler to transport the pen, and you can also get some fun from the marker.

Correct use of 1 5 markers

Colored pencils play an important role in hand-drawn expression. It is an excellent painting tool with simple operation and outstanding effect, no matter for conceptual schemes, sketches or finished product renderings. We can buy any type and brand of colored pencils from eighteen colors to forty-eight colors, including "water-soluble" colored pencils.

Step 2 mark

Marker pen (also known as "Mike pen") is one of the most commonly used painting tools in various professional hand-painted performances, and its types are mainly divided into oily and alcoholic. In the practice stage, we usually choose alcohol markers with relatively low prices. This water-based pen comes in about 60 colors and can also be purchased separately. When buying, it is best to reserve more than 20 kinds according to your personal situation, and the gray tone is preferred. Don't choose too many bright colors. In order to master the technique of marker skillfully, we must first have a basic understanding of the basic characteristics and brushwork of marker. Markers are rich in color, simple in coloring, clear in strokes, rapid in drawing, various in types, and their colors will change with the change of wet and dry conditions, which is extremely expressive. Among them, gray series markers with different color levels are often used for color matching. The tip of marker pen is generally divided into thickness and Fiona Fang. When drawing a representation, you can draw lines and strokes with different thickness effects by flexibly changing the angle and inclination.

3. Watercolor pigments

Watercolor is the most representative and common coloring technique in hand-painted expression. The color particles of watercolor pigment are very fine, which can be crystal clear when dissolved in water; Layer by layer on white paper, just like the overlapping effect of transparent cellophane. The characteristic of watercolor painting is that, compared with other paintings, the coverage and heavy coating of oil painting form a heavy feature. Watercolor pigment is transparent, and Bo Tu keeps its transparency, so the picture has a clear and transparent feeling. Color matching with water, giving full play to the role of moisture, flexible and natural, moist and smooth, watertight and charming.

4. Other tools

There are many tools for architectural expression coloring, such as correction fluid, pen roller curtain and so on, which are not commonly used by beginners, but if you want to draw good hand-painting, you'd better prepare more painting tools to be handy.

Color ring, a mixture of three primary colors, namely red, yellow and blue. If these three colors are mixed in equal proportions, all colors will be absorbed and become black. The third color will be generated by adding the other two colors. This color theory is also applicable to the coloring of markers in practical application. It is difficult to adjust the color of the mark. If you want to adjust colors, you should not only buy more pens with different color numbers, but also know more about the subtle differences between colors. In the classification of marker strokes, the straight line is the most difficult to grasp, so we should pay attention to the lightness and uniformity of starting and closing the pen, and write decisively without snakelike lines. The lines should be smooth, and the tip of the marker should completely touch the paper, so that the lines will be smooth. Because the combination of vertical crossing strokes is used to show some changes in strokes, which enriches the level and effect of the picture, it is necessary to wait until the first pass is dry before drawing the second time, otherwise the colors will blend together and there will be no outline of strokes.

When marker and marker are used together, marker is usually used first, then marker. Never overlap cold and warm.

The Correct Use of Marks Chapter VI Skills of Hand-painted Marks by Architects

In many architectural firms in Europe and America, designers usually use hand-drawn sketches to express early communication, in addition to formally drawing floor plans with computer software. The process of graphic design itself should be a scientific and reasonable system, and both software drawing and hand-drawn drawing should serve its design content. However, hand-drawn design is more important. It is a way to run through the design process, so that architects can constantly improve their design concepts and emotional thinking expressions, and sketches are useless in solving problems in design.

Tadao Ando's hand-painted, colored pen combined with colored lead.

Some older architects even admire sketches, thinking that they can better capture the architects' design inspiration. When talking about hand-drawn sketches, Cheng Taining, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said, "I am very lucky to be engaged in the construction industry, because it is different from many industries and very creative. Designers can see their sketches change from drawings to objects, and after seeing them, they feel that they still have a lot to improve. For me, it is always attractive, prompting me to do it and making me want to move on. Some people are surprised that I can sketch now. I said I wouldn't do the job if I didn't sketch. I don't want to just "nudge" as some people suggest. I think it's interesting to do this job, because I can always feel my thoughts moving forward, so I have to sketch, and I have to control all stages of the construction drawing, such as material selection and node design, so that I can see the whole process from sketch to reality. This is a very pleasant thing and a process that attracts me very much. "

Wright and other old architects pay more attention to architectural modeling when expressing with their bare hands. The color characteristic of marker pen is that it likes to express with light color. For example, the sky is marked with some light blue, such as B[ blue ]3 1, PB[ purple blue ]76 and so on. And the color should be light and block, so as to draw rich levels and changes.

Cheng Taining hand-painted, monochrome hand-painted style combined with software processing.

As Academician Cheng Taining said, the architects of design institutes are usually in the early stage of the scheme. In order to capture inspiration, they need to draw the shape or plane of the scheme by hand as quickly as possible, and then paint it quickly with a marker. However, unlike painting, design hand-drawing means to express the designer's design concept quickly in a limited time, so this hand-drawing technique is very different from the traditional painting method. In the process of rapid hand-drawn expression, marking technology is particularly important.

The following are some experiences that architects have accumulated when using markers.

Contemporary architects, such as Tadao Ando and Zunduo, pay more attention to building materials, and the colors of markers tend to be cold gray markers with a sense of design, such as CG [cold gray] by iMark in Germany and P 18 1 series by AD in the United States. These colors can better represent the materials of fair-faced concrete and gneiss. In terms of technique, the marker is projected first, and it is quickly drawn flat. Richard meier, a representative of the white school, prefers to use BG[ Blue Grey] series to paint the dark parts of white buildings, which is a dark color of white buildings influenced by blue sky in sunny weather. The sketch of renzo piano, a famous architect with changeable styles, is exactly the same as the color numbers of R[ red] 1 1, YR[ yellow] 102, YR[ yellow] 106, just like the sun shining on wood.

The architectural manuscripts of Italian architect renzo piano renzo piano are mainly drawn with pens, markers and colored lead.

The sketch expression of Italian architect renzo piano may be the reason why many people love architectural design, and it is also the object that many designers follow. Its sketch expression is clear, the lines are extremely refined, and the occasional color embellishment makes the picture feel beautiful and lively! It is a direct expression of confident and mature architectural design thinking. Piano once said, "... when you find something, the moment of inspiration comes. It works like a magical medicine. In those moments, the accumulation of the past is not important. Because you're a stuntman without a safety net. For example, when I started sketching (I couldn't do anything without this step), I couldn't know exactly what it would look like in the end. I let myself be guided and found that my writing was not that bad, so I went on. Much like the essay, your hand will lead you to your goal. "

The architectural design sketch of RENFO Institute of Contemporary Art by rem koolhass, a Dutch architect, was quickly conceived with tools such as pens and markers. Note that the glass blue is iMark B34.

Helmut Kohl, an architect of German GMP Architects, gave a systematic introduction to the technology and some skills of logo. (The following is a Chinese translation)

When designing drawings with markers, we should pay special attention to the following points: quick flat drawing skills, color matching, contrast between light and shade, texture treatment and brush stroke shape. As for these colors, it is suggested that the German iMark marker be more pure, and the tone of this marker is consistent and rigorous, and the tone is more accurate. In addition, the oval pen holder is comfortable to hold, which can ensure that the designer will not be tired when using it for a long time.

Pawel Podwojewski, the architect of Dubai Underwater Hotel, designed the logo sketch of Polish Hotel in Gdansk.

Pawel Podwojewski uses the same color markers (WG3, WG5) to draw, which enables designers to focus on the building itself, instead of grandiose picture effects.

Sketch Design of Tenerife Concert Hall in Santiago Calatrava

Any great building germinates from sketches, and the final building may be far from sketches, but it is the most important, just like the relationship between trees and seeds. Sketch conception is more like an essay, a record, which can be drawn anytime and anywhere and browsed anytime and anywhere. ...

Zaha Hadid's sketch idea uses tools such as pens and markers.

The idea of hand-drawing is always the most primitive thinking, far from being expressed by software, which is why architects still admire the "primitive" hand-drawing method even though software technology is changing with each passing day. Markers are the first choice of many designers because they are thick and thin, convenient and fast.

Designers prefer flat painting surfaces, and flat painting techniques are often used to color the facade of buildings. The key point is to write lightly, stroke quickly, and the pen tip should not stay on the paper for too long to avoid two strokes blooming. In addition, when writing, the wide pen tip should be completely pressed on the paper to avoid rough drawing effect and sharp strokes. In terms of color matching, try to use warm or bright colors in the front position of the screen and cool or gray colors in the rear position. In addition, the same color will be more secure. For example, different color numbers of GY[ green yellow] yellow-green series in iMark are suitable for matching together, and different color numbers of GB[ green blue] cool green series are suitable for matching together. If GB series and GY series are used together, the picture will look dirty.

Comparing light and dark, it is suggested that the projection position should be weighted by black first, and then the middle tone should be drawn. Brush strokes can be swept to black without leaving any stains. German marker is characterized by its firmness and tenacity, which is very suitable for drawing hard surfaces of design drawings, and its texture is properly expressed. In the bright part of the object itself with lighter color, white space can be left appropriately. Through this method, the speed of brush strokes can be improved, the contrast of the subject can be increased, and the picture can be more attractive. Texture processing is mainly controlled by highlights, reflections and specular reflections of objects. For example, if the floor material of an indoor hall is smooth, it will definitely reflect to the wall or sofa. There are also some colors of walls and sofas that can be painted on the ground. Of course, if the building is placed on the water, the specular reflection effect will be more obvious. Highlights (you can leave blank or use fluorescent strokes) and reflections are more suitable for the texture of glass and metal. The difference between the two is that the contrast between light and shade of metal is stronger, and the reflection is more obviously affected by the environmental color.

The diversity of brush strokes is more reflected in the drawing of soft objects such as plants or the sky. Designers can try to rotate the brush a little and draw diamond or oval strokes. More direction changes will be much better than mechanical plane painting, and the soft objects will be more "natural". Finally, if you think the brush strokes of the whole picture are too stiff, it is a good choice to use colored lead to transition the picture. Of course, the designer's hand-drawn expression should not be too rich, and the colors should be unified, which is in line with the designer's best expression concept.