Proverbs about weather and their scientific truth.

Because China has a vast territory and different weather and climate, weather proverbs are spread all over the country, from Heilongjiang in the north to the South China Sea Islands in the south, to the East China Sea in the east and to Xinjiang and Tibet in the west. For example, Heilongjiang "has many cold spring rains in early winter"; There are many weather proverbs about typhoons in Xisha Islands in the South China Sea, such as "Gulong basks in the sun, and soon the typhoon will go crazy", and "Gulong basks in the sun" means there are a bunch of orange belts under the sun; There are also many proverbs about the long, medium and short-term weather changes in the East China Sea. For example, in Zhoushan Archipelago, "the wind blows when lighting" means that if there is a northerly wind from the 13th (when lighting) to the 18th (when lighting) of the first month, it indicates that there will be typhoon influence when early rice blooms or harvests in June and July. There are also many weather proverbs in Xinjiang and Tibet, such as "It snows heavily in winter, but it is warm and windy in the spring next year" in southern Xinjiang and "It is windy and rainy in spring" in Tibet. Weather proverbs are very rich in content and describe the climate. There are "December Songs" and "Jiujiu Songs" in many places. For example, in Shaoshan, Hunan, there is "thunder in the first month, stars in February, thunder in March and April, rain in May, sunny in June, gale in July and August, frost in September, frost in snow, and cold wave festival in November and December"; In North China and Huanghuai areas, there are also "no shooting in September, walking on the ice in March and April, watching willows along the river in May and June, opening rivers in July and September, geese coming in August and September, and plowing cattle everywhere in September". Some of them reflect the meteorological relationship. "It's warm after frost and cold after snow" is an example. Frost usually occurs under high pressure control after cold air attacks. After first frost, it is sunny and sunny, and naturally it is warmer. When the front of cold air meets warm and humid air, it often produces snow. The main force of cold air is still behind, and snow can absorb little solar radiation, which is one of the reasons why it is cold after snow. There are many such proverbs, such as "hot air, cold rain", "a spring rain, a warm", "an autumn rain, a cold (cool)" and so on, all of which have certain scientific truth. Many proverbs are about long-term, medium-term and short-term weather changes. In the proverbs about the long-term change of weather, there are droughts and floods, precipitation and cold and warm trends, precipitation process and cold air activities, as well as rice freezing injury, strong wind, hail and typhoon.

Proverbs about the wind

Wind is a flowing atmosphere, and the atmosphere is what we commonly call air. The wind comes from the north, the south and other directions. Due to the inconsistent geographical attributes in all aspects, the winds in different producing areas have their diverse characteristics. There are cold air and hot air; There is dry wind and wet wind. The wind blowing from the desert carries dust; The wind from the ocean contains more water vapor. So in different winds, we have different feelings and can see different sky scenes. Furthermore, if two different winds meet, it is easy to conflict, and then you can see the sudden change of the weather.

Wind is the most easily perceived phenomenon, so there are many proverbs about it.

* The east wind is the mother of rain. (Hunan)

The east wind is fine, and if it does not fall, it will be cloudy. (Zaoyang, Hubei)

The rainfall in the temperate zone and its north (about 30 N) is mainly caused by cyclones. Cyclones always move from west to east, and northeast wind, east wind or southeast wind prevail in front of them. Therefore, when the cyclone comes, the wind direction must be easterly. Therefore, the east wind can be regarded as a harbinger of future cyclones. Because cyclone is a kind of storm and the main factor of rainfall in temperate regions, we can see that blowing east wind is a precursor of rainy days.

There is an easterly wind all around, so I'm afraid the easterly wind will make a noise. (Nanjing, Jiangsu)

The east wind is blowing hard and it is raining hard. (Shanghai)

* East wind is urgent, prepare a hat. (Hubei)

* East wind is urgent, prepare the hat, Yun Qi wind is urgent. The more urgent, the heavier the rain. ("Tian Hang" winds up)

These words mean: it doesn't necessarily rain from the east wind, but it will be terrible if the east wind is strong. Since the east wind is very small, such air flow must come from a very close place, perhaps a local air flow. All its attributes must be consistent with the local environment, so it is rare for the weather to get worse. However, if the easterly wind is strong, it means that the easterly wind in front of the cyclone is an airflow from a distance, and there will be a gap-the front of the airflow is moving locally, so the weather will change.

* Southeast wind, dry and loose. (Jiangyin, Jiangsu)

* The southerly winds flooded in May and dried up in June. (Zhejiang, Guangdong)

* In May, the south wind drove the hoses; In June, the south wind is starry at night. (Guangdong)

South wind with heavy rain in spring; The south wind in summer is empty. (Jiangsu Wuxi Hubei Zhongxiang)

It's sunny in the southwest in June. (Wuxi, Jiangsu)

* From June onwards, the southerly winds are ten catties and nine catties. (Hubei)

"The sky is clean" means the weather is fine; "Rush" means mountain rush, and "ten rushes and nine rushes" means mountain rush was killed in nine cases, and the drought was very serious.

This is a popular summer weather proverb in southeast coastal provinces. The southeast wind comes from the ocean. Why did you do it again? We know that the decline of rain, on the one hand, of course, there must be a substance that condenses rain-water vapor; At the same time, it is necessary to have the conditions to turn these water vapor into clouds and rain. This situation, in the summer in the southeast plain, depends on the convection of heat or the front activity between two airflow from different directions.

Thermal convection occurs because the ground is extremely hot, and the air in the ground layer rises upward because of the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, bringing the water vapor from the ground to the upper air for cooling, resulting in clouds and rain. But if the wind is too strong and the air flow on the ground is too fast, it is impossible to concentrate on the ground and receive strong heat, and it is impossible to make the water vapor on the ground rise. Also, in the pure southeast wind, due to the high altitude sinking of its birthplace, there is often an inverse ratio between high altitude and low altitude warming; In this way, the air on the ground is difficult to rise. Therefore, although there is a lot of water vapor in the southeast wind, it is still impossible to cause rainfall. There is no sex and rain in summer, and the natural weather is very hot.

Secondly, speaking of positive activities. The front is the conflict area of two different airflow. One airflow is cold and heavy, and the other airflow is light and warm. When these two air streams meet, the light warm air stream only rises and does not fall. As a result, the water vapor on the ground was carried to high altitude, and the clouds caused rainfall. At present, there is only southeast wind on the ground, which means that there is no other northerly airflow colliding with it to form a front, so the water vapor can't rise and clouds and rain appear.

* Northeast wind, too much rain. ("Tian Hang" winds up)

The northeast wind is an air flow that originates from the northern ocean surface, or from the northern ocean surface and passes through a long-distance ocean surface, and naturally contains less water vapor than the southeast wind; However, because it is a cold air flow, its lower part touches the relatively hot ocean surface or land surface in the south, making its upper part cold and its lower part warm, resulting in convection. As a result, the water vapor on the ground was brought to the sky and had sex.

In addition, the front of the cyclone must be where the northeast wind moves, so there is front precipitation.

According to the statistical results, in the case of pure northeast wind, the probability of rain is only 26% in winter and only 1 1% in summer, which means that the probability of no rain is 74% and 89%. If it is the northeast wind before the cyclone, that is, the northeast wind area with active front, the probability of rain will exceed that of sunny days. Therefore, the proverb' northeast wind, too much rain' is not necessarily completely reliable.

* The spring breeze blows the east wind, and the grandfathers get wet. (Changzhou, Jiangsu)

* The spring breeze is easterly, and the rain is murmuring. (Guangdong)

These two proverbs mean that the east wind blows in spring, which is a precursor to bad weather. This is because, on the one hand, the ground will get warmer in spring. On the other hand, the warm air is gradually active, the continental pressure is gradually decreasing, and the anticyclone moves eastward into the sea. An easterly wind will appear at the tail of the anticyclone. These easterly winds flow to warmer land, leading to the phenomenon that the upper part is warm and the lower part is cold. At this time, the air layer is unstable and prone to upward convection, so it is very likely to produce precipitation.

* East wind and rain for three days a day; On the third day, the east wind disappeared. (Guixian, Guangxi)

* East wind and rain for three days a day; Three days of east wind and nine days of eyes. (Wuchang, Hubei)

* East wind and rain for three days a day; Dongfeng has no rice for three days. (Guangxi)

Cooking without rice is the result of drought and no rain. The cyclone moved from west to east, with the east wind ahead, but it soon blew up, and turned to another wind direction because of the advance of the cyclone. So the east wind blows for only one day, or less than one day, and the wind direction changes, indicating that there is a cyclone coming, so it may rain for three days. If the east wind blows for three days without rest, it means that there is no cyclone approaching in the west, so there is no rain in this place.

Proverbs about clouds

Clouds are dense drops of water or ice suspended in the sky. It can rain or snow from the clouds. Anyone who has experience in weather changes knows that whatever clouds hang in the sky is what the weather is. Therefore, clouds are the appearance of weather, and the shape of sky clouds can show the dynamics of weather changes in a short time. Cloud is a phenomenon that can be directly seen by the naked eye, so there are the most proverbs about it, which is more in line with scientific principles.

Fog is also a dense water drop or ice drop suspended in the sky. As far as existing entities are concerned, there is no difference between fog and cloud. But judging from the reasons for their formation and the environment in which they appear, they are two different things. The bottom of the fog layer is close to the ground, so it can be seen that the foggy air layer does not move upward, and the cooling process necessary for water vapor condensation is carried out in the stable air layer on the ground. This means that in foggy weather, the atmosphere is stable, and the atmospheric instability of clouds is just the opposite. The weather that finally evolved was just the opposite. Cloudy weather is mainly rainy, and foggy weather is mainly sunny. Similarly, fog is a phenomenon visible to the naked eye, so there are many proverbs about fog.

It's foggy in the morning and sunny all day. (Luanxian County, Hebei Province)

* Ten fogs and nine sunny days. (Shangqiu, Henan)

* One fog and three eyes. (Weixian County, Hebei Province)

The fog poisoned the sun. (Changzhou, Jiangsu)

* Get up early and get foggy, and break the gourd at noon. (Cang County, Hebei Province)

The fog in the morning is the product of radiation and heat dissipation on the ground last night: due to the clear sky, the heat on the ground spreads smoothly all night, and the water vapor in the ground air becomes saturated and condenses into fog drops. You can see that the weather will clear up first, and then it will be foggy. Morning is the lowest temperature between day and night. Because the temperature is coldest, the fog is thickest at this time. In addition, as soon as the sun comes out, some oxygen in the air becomes ozone because ultraviolet rays shine on it. This small amount of ozone will make a lot of dust (mostly combustion products, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and so on) in the air. ) enhance your water absorption ability. So the fog curtain suddenly became thicker in the morning. But the sun rises, the heat intensifies, the ground becomes too hot, and the air in the lower layer will rise, so the fog drops will dissipate. In this way, the fog in the morning temporarily thickens, which is also the result of clear skies and sunny weather in Wan Li.

* Clouds cover the night and wear shoes in the morning; It's foggy in the morning. Just wash your clothes and pants. (Hunan)

Clouds cover the sky at night, and there is no dew and frost on the ground in the morning. So don't wear rain boots when you go out in the morning. This is because the clouds in the sky can protect the ground from heat dissipation. If there are clouds at night, it won't be very cold in the morning, and the water vapor sticking to the ground won't condense into dew or frost, so the ground is clean.

It's foggy all over the ground in the morning, and the weather is good. Just wash your clothes and pants. Fog is the product of sunny days. If there is fog, it must be sunny.