Handwritten newspaper materials about entering the information world

Information is the source of knowledge, and knowledge is the result of processing and systematizing the obtained information. This function is the basic function of information and an important way for human beings to explain the development law of the objective world. The accumulation of knowledge, the development and progress of science and technology and the prosperity of economy and culture are all inseparable from this function of information. Through the recognition, screening, induction, refining and storage of information, human beings have gradually deepened their understanding of the objective world and gradually evolved, progressed and developed.

Secondly, this definition makes it clear that information refers to the meaning contained in data and messages, which distinguishes information from messages and makes the concept of information more accurate in structure.

Cihai: Information refers to a report that is not known to the recipient in advance.

Psychology: Information is something that exists outside of consciousness. It exists in nature, printed matter, hard disk and air.

Description and definition: Information is the content transmitted by means of language, characters, numbers, symbols, images, sounds, scenes, expressions and states.

2. Information characteristics

Information can be compressed and recovered. For example, many complicated phenomena can be summarized into a concise law; The relationship between a large number of data can be expressed by an equation. In other words, people can concentrate, synthesize and summarize information. At the same time, it can also expand the compressed information.

Information can be stored. Information has a certain carrier. In ancient times, people could only use their brains to store information. Later, when they had words, they used words to store all kinds of information. People carved characters on material carriers, such as clay tablets of ancient Babylon, papyrus of ancient Egypt, bronze tripod, bamboo slips and cloth of ancient China, and stone tablets and stone carvings visible to any ancient nation. All material things can record information by symbols, because, for example, information can be stored and spread through carriers. In addition, information can also be transmitted through images, sounds, scenes, expressions, states, etc. Today, people can also use computers and other automatic devices to save information.

Information also needs to be processed. For example, 4× 6-7 = 17 is a simple information processing. The left side of the equal sign is the original information, and the right side is the added information. English translation into Chinese is also information processing. English is the raw material and Chinese is the finished product; The latter is more useful to China people. In addition, business decision-making, information retrieval, data analysis, automatic control and even playing chess and poker all belong to information processing.

Information processing refers to the reduction, amplification, classification, editing, analysis and calculation of information, and processing it into some required data form, such as drawing charts and printing reports.

In the past, information processing was mostly done by the human brain. In the era of small amount of information and slow change, the brain can still cope. Today, information is expanding rapidly, changing rapidly and the competition is fierce. It is no longer possible to process information only by relying on the brain. If information processing is to be mechanized and automated, machines must be used. An electronic computer (commonly known as a computer) is a machine used for information processing. It can complete information processing that the brain can't complete with extraordinary speed and amazing memory. The development of processing industry has established industries based on various machines and brought industrialized society. With the continuous development of information processing, there is no doubt that an information industry based on various computers will be established and human beings will be introduced into an information society.

3. Information transmission

Static information itself has no practical significance. Information can only be effective through communication. Information only has practical significance if it is spread by means of carriers. Through information exchange, people can understand others, know the world and convey their own ideas. It is the wide spread of information that endows human beings with developed wisdom different from any other animals and changes the world and our lives.

The oldest medium of human beings is nothing but the human body itself. People use their hands, faces and other body parts for nonverbal communication, such as movements and expressions. So language came into being. Some anthropologists believe that language appeared 654.38 million years ago.

Around 20,000 BC, people used pictures to express their thoughts. Their works can still be seen in caves in northern France today. They left pictures of reindeer, wild horses and some extinct animals on these cave walls. In different periods of prehistoric times, these murals must have been created by the most creative human beings, and they are one of the most primitive media of prehistoric human beings.

People also carve marks on trees to indicate routes, and pile stones to indicate directions or boundaries. In the pre-script society, human beings put decorative patterns expressing far-reaching significance on simple daily necessities such as pottery, braids and sculptures.

Beacon towers and flag drums used to be important media for long-distance communication in ancient times. The beacon tower is used for warning, and the flag is used for commanding advance and retreat. China's "The Art of War" said that "words don't hear each other, so it is a golden drum; Meeting each other is a sign ",which refers to this situation. Despite these media, before the appearance of writing, human beings' ability to transcend face-to-face communication was extremely limited. Humans have almost nothing that spans time, except those pictures on wood, bark, hides or stones. Their eyesight, hearing and meteorological conditions limit their ability to spread over long distances. For example, people at that time could only see distant fireworks signals when the weather conditions were favorable during the day.

The emergence of electronic media is a comprehensive product of social development and scientific and technological progress. /kloc-In the second half of the 20th century, due to the discovery of electricity and the development of radio technology, a large number of electronic media began to be born. Telecommunications, telephone, movies, radio and television are all great inventions of human beings from the 9th century to the 20th century. Electronic media has a great influence on human society.

1On March 28th, 899, Italian scientists successfully sent a telegram from England across the English Channel to France, and completed the transceiving of transatlantic wireless telegrams at 190 1.

In the meantime, another great invention was the telephone invented by Bell. When the world's first submarine cable was successfully laid, connecting Europe and America on both sides of the Atlantic, people from these two continents held the biggest carnival in the19th century to celebrate this great invention.

The birth of television

The appearance of television is a revolution in the history of media development. Media that broadcast audio and image programs to a wide area through radio waves or wires are collectively called broadcasting. Only broadcast sound is called sound broadcasting; Broadcasting images and sounds is called TV broadcasting. In other words, broadcasting in a broad sense includes broadcasting with only sound and television with sound and images, as well as cable television and satellite television.

1925, British scientist Baird successfully completed the experiment of sending and receiving pictures. 1926 65438+1On October 26th, scientists gave a public demonstration in London, which shocked the world. Britain became the first country in the world to broadcast black and white TV. Baird is also known as the "father of television" because of his outstanding contribution to the development of television.

Popularization of color TV sets

In the early 1950s, the most important thing was the rise of color TV. The United States first completed the invention of color TV in 1940, and in 1954, NBC officially broadcast color TV programs for the first time. Japan also officially broadcast color TV programs on 1960. China broadcasts color TV program 1973. Television signals are transmitted by microwaves on the ground.

There are many ways for the ancients to transmit information, such as flying pigeons passing books, using bonfires, using fast horses and so on.

Send a message from London to new york.

The period of information transmission

transmission method

Time interval from sending to receiving

1750

sailboat

Six to nine weeks

1840

clipper

About 12 days

1858

The first transatlantic telegram

Countdown

1970

The first cross-sea direct dial telephone

immediately

1990

Electronic computer network

Immediately or even faster.

For more than two thousand years, people have constantly updated and improved the methods of transmitting information. It was not until the appearance of modern means of transportation that a huge postal system was formed in the world. Letters, newspapers and even parcels can be transported all over the world by train, ship and plane. However, the improvement in the past only focused on the communication mode, and the emergence of telegraph, telephone and radio made the information completely out of the form of letters. 1844, Moore invented the telegraph. Later, Bell and Waitring invented the telephone.

1902, stepford invented radio broadcasting again. In this way, the information becomes electromagnetic waves and is sent out. Almost at the same time, people can know the content of the message through the receiver, telephone and radio. This is really an earth-shaking revolution in the history of communication!

People are still not satisfied, and new problems have been discovered: telegraph and telephone are becoming more and more popular, and wires and cables that transmit information are often "stuck in traffic" like narrow and crowded roads, either busy or cross-connected. So, scientists came up with a method of laser communication: the communication capacity of a bundle of optical fibers is 250,000 times that of copper wires, and a single optical cable can connect 1 100 million lines. In other words, 200 million people can talk at the same time without interfering with each other. Laser communication was quickly adopted, and a 6,000-kilometer submarine optical cable was laid across the Atlantic in the late 1980s.

1993, American Al Bell proposed to build an information expressway to connect computers in factories, mines, railways, schools, shops, banks, libraries, tourist attractions, literary and art units, research departments, government departments and families, so that people can receive words, sounds and images spread anywhere at any time. This proposal has attracted the attention of all countries, and the information industry has developed rapidly. Only a few years later, the information network has covered many countries and regions.