Which provinces or cities are Huaihe River Basin, Haihe River Basin and Weihe River Basin?

Huaihe River Basin includes 40 prefectures (cities) and 18 1 county (city) in Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces, with a total population of 654.38+65 million people and an average population density of 61kloc-0/person /km2, which is the whole country.

The area of cultivated land in Huaihe River Basin is 1.333 hectares, and the main crops are wheat, rice, corn, potato, soybean, cotton and rape. 197 The grain output was 84.96 million tons, accounting for 1.7% of the total grain output in China. The agricultural output value is 388 billion yuan, and the per capita agricultural output value is 2433 yuan, which is higher than the national average in the same period. Huaihe River basin plays an important role in agricultural production in China.

The industries in Huaihe River Basin are mainly food and textile industries with coal, electric power industry and agricultural and sideline products as raw materials. At present, Huainan, Huaibei, Pingdingshan, Xuzhou, Yanzhou, Zaozhuang and other national large-scale coal production bases have been built. From 65438 to 0997, coal production accounted for one-eighth of the national coal production, making it the largest coalfield south of the Yellow River in China. The existing installed capacity of thermal power in the basin is nearly 20 million kilowatts. In the past decade, light and heavy industries such as coal chemical industry, building materials, electric power and machinery manufacturing have also developed greatly, and a number of large and medium-sized industrial cities such as Zhengzhou, Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Huainan, Bengbu and Jining have risen. The total industrial output value of Huaihe River Basin is 966.4 billion yuan, the GDP is 703,654.38 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP is only 4,383 yuan, which is lower than the national average and still belongs to economically underdeveloped areas.

The Huaihe river basin has developed traffic. Three north-south railway arteries, Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Kowloon and Beijing-Guangzhou, run through the east, middle and west of this basin. The famous Eurasian continental bridge-Longhai Railway runs across the northern part of the basin; There are also railway trunk lines, namely, Shanxi-Shaanxi-Shijiu Railway, Bengbu-Hefei Railway and the new Yichang-Changxing Railway under construction. Inland navigation includes the North-South Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the East-West Huaihe River, which rank second in the country in terms of annual freight volume. Inland navigation in the tributaries of the plain and downstream water network areas is also very developed. The highways in the basin extend in all directions, and the construction of high-grade highways has developed rapidly in recent years. Lianyungang, Shijiu and other large marine terminals can not only directly reach domestic coastal ports, but also lead to South Korea, Japan, Singapore and other places.

There are still nearly 6,543,800 mu of tidal flats to be reclaimed in the Huaihe River Basin. The average annual water resources in the basin are 85.4 billion m3, including surface water resources of 62 1 billion m3 and shallow groundwater resources of 37.4 billion m3. In dry years, the Yellow River can be diverted to the north and the Yangtze River can replenish water. With long sunshine time, abundant light and heat resources, mild climate and superior conditions for developing agriculture, it is an important commodity grain, cotton and oil base in China.

Haihe river basin:

Haihe River Basin borders Bohai Sea in the east, Taihang Mountain in the west, Yellow River in the south and Mongolian Plateau in the north. The total area of the basin is 365,438+820,000 square kilometers, accounting for 3.3% of the total area of the country.

The overall topography of the whole basin is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, which can be roughly divided into three types: plateau, mountain and plain. Shanxi Plateau and Taihang Mountain area in the west, Mongolia Plateau and Yanshan Mountain area in the north, with an area of 189400 km2, accounting for 60%; The east and southeast are plains with an area of 128400 km2, accounting for 40%.

Haihe River Basin includes three major water systems, seven major water systems and 10 backbone rivers, namely Haihe River, Luanhe River and Tuhaimajia River. Among them, Haihe River system is the main water system, which consists of Jiyun Canal, Chaobai River, North Canal and Yongding River in the north and Daqing River, Ziya River and Zhangwei River in the south. Luanhe River system includes Luanhe River and coastal rivers in eastern Hebei; The Haimajia River system is located at the southernmost tip of the basin, and it is a plain river that flows into the sea alone.

Each water system is divided into two types: one is a river with a long history, large catchment area, concentrated water flow and relatively more sediment, which originates from the leeward slope of Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain. The other is a river originating from the windward slope of Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain, with scattered tributaries, short source and rapid flow, high flood peak, short duration and strong suddenness. Historically, floods were mostly discharged after depressions stagnated. The two types of rivers are alternately distributed, and the turbidity is obvious.

The basin belongs to the temperate East Asian monsoon climate zone. Winter is controlled by Siberian continental air mass, with cold and little snow; In spring, affected by the air mass in Mongolia, the temperature rises rapidly, the wind speed is high, the climate is dry, the evaporation is large, and dry weather often occurs. Affected by maritime air mass, it is humid in summer, with high temperature, heavy rainfall and heavy rain. However, due to the inconsistent advance and retreat time, intensity and influence range of the Pacific subtropical high in summer, the rainfall has deteriorated seriously, and droughts and floods have occurred from time to time. Autumn is the transitional season in Xia Dong. Generally, autumn is crisp and there is less rainfall. The annual average temperature in the basin is 1.5 ~ 14℃, and the annual average relative humidity is 50% ~ 70%. The average annual precipitation is 539mm, which belongs to semi-humid and semi-arid zone; The average annual evaporation on land is 470mm, and the evaporation on water surface is1100 mm.

Haihe river basin is densely populated and has many large and medium-sized cities, which plays an important role in China's politics and economy. There are capitals Beijing and Tianjin, as well as 25 large and medium-sized cities such as Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Langfang, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Baoding, Handan, Xingtai, Cangzhou, Hengshui, Datong, Shuozhou, Xinzhou, Yangquan, Changzhi, Anyang, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Hebi, Puyang, Dezhou and Liaocheng. From 65438 to 0998, the total population of the river basin was1.200 million, accounting for nearly 10% of the whole country, of which the urban population was 33.65 million, and the urbanization rate was 28%. The average population density of the basin is 384 people/km2, of which 608 people/km2 are in plain areas.

From 65438 to 0998, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the basin was 967.4 billion yuan, accounting for 12% of the whole country, and the per capita GDP was GDP7922 yuan, which was one quarter higher than the national average (6270 yuan). The total industrial output value is 1.37 trillion yuan. Haihe river basin has the advantages of technology, talents, resources and geography in developing economy.

It borders Bohai Sea in the east, Taihang Mountain in the west, Yellow River in the south and Mongolian Plateau in the north. The total area of the basin is 365,438+820,000 square kilometers, accounting for 3.3% of the total area of the country.

The overall topography of the whole basin is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, which can be roughly divided into three types: plateau, mountain and plain. Shanxi Plateau and Taihang Mountain area in the west, Mongolia Plateau and Yanshan Mountain area in the north, with an area of 189400 km2, accounting for 60%; The east and southeast are plains with an area of 128400 km2, accounting for 40%.

Haihe River Basin includes three major water systems, seven major water systems and 10 backbone rivers, namely Haihe River, Luanhe River and Tuhaimajia River. Among them, Haihe River system is the main water system, which consists of Jiyun Canal, Chaobai River, North Canal and Yongding River in the north and Daqing River, Ziya River and Zhangwei River in the south. Luanhe River system includes Luanhe River and coastal rivers in eastern Hebei; The Haimajia River system is located at the southernmost tip of the basin, and it is a plain river that flows into the sea alone.

Each water system is divided into two types: one is a river with a long history, large catchment area, concentrated water flow and relatively more sediment, which originates from the leeward slope of Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain. The other is a river originating from the windward slope of Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain, with scattered tributaries, short source and rapid flow, high flood peak, short duration and strong suddenness. Historically, floods were mostly discharged after depressions stagnated. The two types of rivers are alternately distributed, and the turbidity is obvious.

The basin belongs to the temperate East Asian monsoon climate zone. Winter is controlled by Siberian continental air mass, with cold and little snow; In spring, affected by the air mass in Mongolia, the temperature rises rapidly, the wind speed is high, the climate is dry, the evaporation is large, and dry weather often occurs. Affected by maritime air mass, it is humid in summer, with high temperature, heavy rainfall and heavy rain. However, due to the inconsistent advance and retreat time, intensity and influence range of the Pacific subtropical high in summer, the rainfall has deteriorated seriously, and droughts and floods have occurred from time to time. Autumn is the transitional season in Xia Dong. Generally, autumn is crisp and there is less rainfall. The annual average temperature in the basin is 1.5 ~ 14℃, and the annual average relative humidity is 50% ~ 70%. The average annual precipitation is 539mm, which belongs to semi-humid and semi-arid zone; The average annual evaporation on land is 470mm, and the evaporation on water surface is1100 mm.

Haihe river basin is densely populated and has many large and medium-sized cities, which plays an important role in China's politics and economy. There are capitals Beijing and Tianjin, as well as 25 large and medium-sized cities such as Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Langfang, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Baoding, Handan, Xingtai, Cangzhou, Hengshui, Datong, Shuozhou, Xinzhou, Yangquan, Changzhi, Anyang, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Hebi, Puyang, Dezhou and Liaocheng. From 65438 to 0998, the total population of the river basin was1.200 million, accounting for nearly 10% of the whole country, of which the urban population was 33.65 million, and the urbanization rate was 28%. The average population density of the basin is 384 people/km2, of which 608 people/km2 are in plain areas.

From 65438 to 0998, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the basin was 967.4 billion yuan, accounting for 12% of the whole country, and the per capita GDP was GDP7922 yuan, which was one quarter higher than the national average (6270 yuan). The total industrial output value is 1.37 trillion yuan. Haihe river basin has the advantages of technology, talents, resources and geography in developing economy.

Weihe river basin:

Weihe River, the largest tributary of the Yellow River, is located in the southeast of the Loess Plateau in northwest China. Originated in Bird and Mouse Mountain in Weiyuan County, Gansu Province, it flows into the Yellow River in Tongguan, Shaanxi Province, with a total length of 8 18 km. Weihe river basin includes 86 counties and cities in Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi provinces 13 area, with a total area of 134 766 square kilometers, of which Gansu accounts for 44%, Ningxia 6% and Shaanxi 50%. ?

The Weihe River basin has a complex landform. The mountains include the northern slope of Qinling Mountain, Liupanshan Mountain and Longshan Mountain across Shaanxi and Gansu. The faulted basin includes the alluvial plain in Guanzhong and the loess plateau, and the loess plateau includes the plateau gullies and hilly gullies in Longdong, Ningnan and northern Shaanxi. Heyuan to Baoji Gorge exit is upstream, with a total length of 430 kilometers. The river channel is narrow, with alternating rivers and canyons, and the current is fast, with an average gradient of 1/260. Baoji Gorge-Xianyang Railway Bridge is located in the middle reaches, with a length of 177km. The river bed is wide and shallow, with many sandbars and scattered water flow. It is a wandering river bed, and its slope gradually decreases from 1/500 to 1 500. Xianyang to Tongguan estuary is the downstream, 2 1 1 km long, which is below the north of hua county. The river twists and turns without any tributaries. Due to the influence of sediment deposition and backwater of Sanmenxia Reservoir in the Yellow River, the longitudinal slope of the river gradually changed from 1/5 000 to 1/6 000. Before the completion of Sanmenxia Reservoir, the lower reaches of Weihe River was a relatively stable river, and the sediment transport was basically balanced. The elevation of the Weihe River into the Yellow River (Tongguan elevation) is 323 meters (1 1,000 cubic meters per second). After the completion of Sanmenxia Reservoir, due to backwater siltation, the highest elevation of Tongguan section of Weihe River reached 329 meters, which affected the siltation and elevation of the lower reaches of Weihe River and often caused floods. Therefore, dikes and some beach protection and control projects have been built on both sides of the 208km river below Section 36 in Yu Wei. Embankment maintenance and river regulation projects have heavy tasks. After the reconstruction of Housanmenxia junction and the change of reservoir operation mode, the elevation of Weihe River entering the Yellow River at Tongguan has been reduced, and it is roughly stable at 326 ~ 327 meters. ?

Most areas of Weihe River Basin are covered with deep loess, which is loose, porous, with vertical joints, rich in calcium carbonate and easy to be eroded by water. In addition, long-term deforestation, destruction of vegetation, and extensive farming and single management of agricultural production methods have caused serious soil erosion, making Weihe River a sediment-laden river. ?

Due to geological structure, Weihe River belongs to asymmetric water system. The north bank tributary has a long history and mainly flows through the Loess Plateau. There is a great difference between flood and low water flow, and the sediment concentration is large, mainly suspended sediment, which is the main sediment tributary of Weihe River. The tributary on the south bank is short, mainly flowing through the rocky mountainous area, with steep slope, fast flow, bed load as the main sediment and abundant hydraulic resources. A tributary of more than 500 square kilometers, the north bank flows into Chyi Chin River, Xianhe River, Sandu River, Hulu River, Niutou River, Tongguan River, Heqian River, Qishui River, Jinghe River, Shichuan River and Beiluo River; There are Bangsha River, Danan River, (Leijiaxi) River, Shitou River, Heihe River, Waterlogging River, Fenghe River and Bahe River flowing into the south bank. Although Jinghe River and Beiluo River are secondary tributaries of the Yellow River, their drainage areas are relatively large (Jinghe River is 4542 1 km2, Beiluo River is 26905 km2), with annual runoff of 2 1 0.40 billion cubic meters and 997 million cubic meters respectively, with annual sediment transport of 309 million tons and1000 million tons respectively. In addition, Jinghe River and Beiluo River join the Weihe River at 174km and 16km above the Yellow River mouth, respectively. Historically, the Beiluo River also directly flowed into the Yellow River, which was closely related to it. Therefore, it is customary to regard these two rivers as important tributaries of the Yellow River and as first-class tributaries, and they are often called Jinghe River, Luohe River and Weihe River together. In the previous planning, Jinghe River and Beiluohe River were separated from the Weihe River basin and planned separately, while the Weihe River regulation planning did not include Jinghe River and Beiluohe River.

Weihe River Basin is an arid and semi-arid area, with an annual average temperature of 6 ~ 14℃, an annual average precipitation of 450 ~ 700 mm, an annual evaporation of 0/000 ~ 2 000 mm and a frost-free period of 0/20 ~ 220 days. The average annual runoff is 65.438+002 billion cubic meters (654.38+0934 ~ 654.38+0970 series), and the annual variation is similar to precipitation. June ~ 10 is the flood season, with heavy rain and heavy rainfall intensity. The runoff in July, August and September accounts for 60% ~ 70% of the whole year. The annual average flow rate is 323 cubic meters per second, the measured maximum peak flow rate is 7660 cubic meters per second (1954), and the investigated maximum peak flow rate is 10 800 cubic meters per second (1898). ?

Since the founding of New China, a series of large-scale water conservancy projects have come out one after another while harnessing the Weihe River. Jinghui Canal, built by Li Yizhi, a famous modern hydraulic scientist in China in 1930s, has undergone reconstruction and expansion. The water diversion capacity has been increased from 16 m3/s before the founding of new China to 50 m3/s now, and the irrigation area has been correspondingly increased from 500,000 mu to1350,000 mu, making it an advanced typical irrigation area with per mu yield 1000 kg. Since 197 1 Baojixia Yuan Shang main canal was completed, the irrigation area of the irrigation area of the Weihe River diversion area has reached 3 million mu. The Luo Hui Canal was built in 1950, and the Luoxi Project was expanded in 1976, and the irrigated land has reached 770,000 mu. Dongfanghong Pumping Irrigation Project was completed in 1970, with an installed capacity of 25,000 kilowatts, the cumulative maximum net lift of eight-stage pumping irrigation is 86 meters, and the irrigated land is10.3 million mu. Fengjiashan Reservoir in He Qian was built at 198 1, with a total storage capacity of 389 million cubic meters, which can be irrigated at1360,000 mu. Its main diversion canal was built in 1973, and it is equipped with a tunnel of 10,000 meters (the actual length is 126 14 meters, and the water delivery capacity is 36 cubic meters per second). The Shitouhe Reservoir on Shitouhe River, a tributary of the south bank of Weihe River, was completed in 1984, with a maximum dam height of 1 14m, a total storage capacity of1470,000 cubic meters and a drainage area of 672 square kilometers. The design and development task of the reservoir is mainly irrigation combined with power generation. The designed irrigation area is 6.5438+0.28 million mu, with 4 installed units and a total capacity of 2.65438+0.5 million kilowatts. The actual installed capacity is 3 sets, with a total capacity of 1.65 million kilowatts. ?

The main tributaries of Weihe River are Hulu River, Jinghe River and Beiluo River, with annual sediment transport of 66 million, 309 million and 97 million tons respectively. The sediment concentration of river inflow is large, which not only raises the riverbed and threatens the safety of both banks, but also silts reservoirs and channels, which brings difficulties to the construction and management of water conservancy projects.