The relationship between weather and architecture

Winter in Northeast China is long and cold, and summer is short and cool. Cold in winter is the main contradiction of living conditions, and architectural design focuses on heating and cold prevention; Therefore, the building foundation should be chosen in a place that can fully absorb sunlight, so the houses in the northeast are characterized by compactness, high tightness and relatively narrow doors and windows.

Winter in North China is not as cold as that in Northeast China, but there are still cold waves and strong winds in the north, and the temperature is low, especially in spring. Therefore, architectural design in North China pays more attention to moisturizing and avoiding sandstorms, and the layout of houses is usually north-south to avoid the wind and the sun. The quadrangle in Beijing is a good form to avoid the cold wind. Although the north wind roared outside the courtyard, the courtyard felt calm.

In the northern region, the average annual rainfall is below 800 mm. Due to the lack of rainfall, the design of the roof and the materials used for the foot of the wall are all selected. Roof design plays the role of waterproof, moisturizing, heat insulation, rain resistance and snow load, and most of them are flat-topped houses.

The area south of the Yangtze River belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with slightly cold winter, long summer, much rain, high humidity, low wind speed and extremely sultry. Therefore, the building under this condition needs to take the form of ventilation, moisture-proof and heat insulation, and the general direction is about 15 degrees from south to east, which can not only block the scorching sun, but also meet the southeast wind in summer.

The area from South China to Hainan belongs to tropical and subtropical monsoon climate. The weather is hot, the precipitation is abundant throughout the year, and there are many typhoons in summer and autumn. The precipitation is much stronger at this time. Many buildings in the city have balconies and corridors, and strive to be tall, spacious and ventilated to solve the sweltering climate in summer. Roof design is mostly herringbone, which has the function of "filtering water" and is not easy to accumulate water. Buildings suitable for this climatic environment are typically pedestrian corridors (commonly known as arcades) on both sides of the street, and many cities along the southeast coast of China, such as Xiamen, Shantou, Guangzhou, Nanning and Taiwan Province Province, have arcades.

Northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet belong to non-monsoon areas. Northwest China has an arid continental climate, with scarce precipitation and high temperature, which varies greatly in a year. Northwest China is a region with serious desertification and perennial sandstorms. Therefore, buildings should be cold-proof, heat-insulating and sand-proof. Formed a unique structure of earth arch, thick wall, even stone wall, small window and arched roof, which can weaken the invasion of solar radiation and cold air and keep cool.

Although the south-central part of Qinghai-Tibet Yunnan Province belongs to tropical, subtropical monsoon climate and even tropical rainforest climate, it is mild in winter and summer due to its high altitude (about 1 500m), and there is no severe cold and heat in four seasons. However, in this case, the rainfall is abundant and the air is humid, so it is necessary to solve the problem of ventilation and moisture-proof in architectural design, so a special kind of bamboo house has been formed in this area, especially. , nail bamboo tile, well ventilated.