Does anyone know Italian customs?

Italy is a southern European country. Most of its territory extends to the Apennine Peninsula in the Mediterranean of Europe. It extends from northwest to southeast in the same direction and has a long and narrow shape. Sardinia, the old land of Sardinia, is in the west and Sicily in the south is another big island in Italy. If we put this island and Italy together, it looks like a foot playing football.

The northernmost part of Italy is a part of the Alps, which separates Italy from France, Switzerland and the former Yugoslavia. Mont Blanc, the highest peak in Europe, lies on the border between France and Italy.

Then there is the Po River Plain, which lies between the Alps and the Apennines in the north. The Po River, which originated in the Alps and melted with ice and snow, flowed into the Mediterranean Sea from northwest to southeast, alluvial the sediment on both sides into the Po River Plain, which is now a narrow triangle with high northwest and low southeast.

There are not many rivers in Italy, and the largest river system is the Po River system. The longest river is the Po River, which is 652 kilometers long. Other large rivers include the Adige and Piaget rivers in the north, the Arno River (flowing through Florence) and the Tiber River (flowing through Rome) in the middle. Rivers in Italy are rarely used for shipping because of their limited flow.

Then the Apennines, which run through Italy from north to south, lead Italy to the Mediterranean Sea.

Italy is located in the compression zone of Eurasia and Africa, with mountainous hills, accounting for about 80% of the land area, and there are many active volcanoes. The famous volcanoes are Mount Vesuvius and Mount Etna.

There are thousands of large and small lakes in Italy, the most famous of which are Maggiore Lake, Como Lake and Calda Lake in the north.

Italy also has two sovereign pocket countries: Vatican Papal States and San Marino.

climate

Although Italy is located in the temperate zone, its climate changes greatly because of its long and narrow terrain, mountainous territory and its location in the Mediterranean Sea. It's very cold in winter in the north. 1 month, the average temperature in the Po River Plain is zero, while the temperature in the Alps can drop to MINUS 20 degrees, and some peaks even have snow all year round. Except for the inland mountainous areas, the average temperature of 1 month in southern China can reach MINUS 10 degrees. In summer, the average temperature in Italy is 24-25 degrees, except in mountainous areas with higher altitude.

Human population

According to the June census of 198 10, the Italian population is over 56.55 million, which is estimated to be slightly reduced, accounting for about one twentieth of the population of China. Male accounted for 48.6% and female accounted for 5 1.4%. The industrial population accounts for 28.6% and the service industry accounts for 52.5%. 1992, the unemployment rate is 65,438+00.2%. The population density is 190 people/km2, which is one of the highest in Europe. However, the actual division of the Italian population is very unbalanced: 64% people live in plain areas, coastal areas, urban areas of large, medium and small cities and their surrounding areas, and these areas only occupy 1/3 of the territory.

In history, the population migration in Italy was serious, and tens of millions of Italians migrated to Europe countries such as America and Africa. In 1950s and 1960s, due to the demand for labor force from industrial development in the north, the south moved to the north, and some foreign immigrants returned. After 1970s, the number of returned immigrants has exceeded that of foreign immigrants.

parliament

According to the Italian Constitution, Italy's legislature is Parliament, including the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 325 members, elected by all regions for a term of five years, of whom 10 is elected by former and current presidents from those who have made special contributions to the country; The 630-seat House of Representatives is elected by each constituency in proportion to the population for a term of five years.

president

The president is directly elected by citizens for a term of seven years, representing the political unity of the country and exercising the powers conferred by the constitution, such as approving government proposals, calling for elections and referendums, ordering the dissolution of parliament through consultation with the speakers of the two houses, nominating the prime minister, and being responsible for reorganizing the government through consultation with political parties in times of political crisis.

Prime Minister and Government

The government is the executive body, and the Prime Minister is responsible for it. The Prime Minister decides the major policies of the government and has the right to decide matters involving the responsibilities of various departments.

administrative division

Italy is divided into twenty administrative regions (regions, equivalent to the provinces of China), which are called districts or regions, five of which are autonomous regions. Divided into several provinces, there are 95 provinces in China. The province is divided into several towns, and there are 8088 towns in China. The city has a city council (consiglio comunale), a municipal government (giunta comunale) and a mayor (sindaco).

The administrative division of Italy is very simple: country >；; Region > province > town, nothing else. So there are towns with millions of people like Rome and Milan, and small towns with only a few thousand people.

Religious belief

Most Italians believe in Catholicism. Roman Catholicism was once the state religion of Italy. 1927 After the separation of church and state, the influence of Catholicism among young people gradually weakened. Besides Catholicism, there are Christianity, Judaism and so on.

economic geography

Due to historical reasons, the northern part of Italy is economically developed and the southern part is backward. It is customary to divide Italy into north, middle and south (including Sicily and Sardinia).

There are eight districts in the north: Valle Dhaos Tower; Piedmont; Liguria; Lombardy; Trentino Alto Adige; Veneto; Friuli Fenezi Giulia; Emilia-romagna.

Valle Dhaos Tower (Valle Dhaos Tower)

Located on the northwest border, it is a French special administrative region established by 1948. Italian and French are common, and the capital is Aosta. This is a mountainous area, and some peaks are covered with snow all year round. Residents live in the Aosta Valley. The climate is a typical alpine mountain climate, and it is cool in Leng Xia in winter. It is a summer resort and a ski resort in winter. Courmayeur, Cogne and Cervinia are all famous ski resorts with good facilities. Tourism is an important economic source of Valle Dhaos Tower. Casino San Liang Hequn is one of the three legal casinos in Italy. Mont Blanc Tunnel is the only way for trains and cars to go to France, and the Great Saint Bernard Pass Tunnel leads to Switzerland.

Piedmont (Piedmont)

Located in the northwest, surrounded by mountains on three sides, the Po River flows through the whole territory, with fertile plains on both sides. Leng Xia is hot in winter, which belongs to continental climate. Turin, the capital of Turin. There are automobile manufacturing (Fiat), computer Olivetti (the current trend of turning into an investment company), textiles and clothing. Agriculture includes rice (Vercelli) and wine (Asti). There are many nature reserves, such as the famous Great Paradise Mountain Nature Reserve. Piedmont is also a famous tourist area, where there are many ancient Roman buildings. As far as natural landscape is concerned, Lake Maggiore is the most attractive tourist attraction.

Liguria (Liguria)

Near Genoa Bay, the capital of Genoa. It is bordered by mountains in the north and the sea in the south. The mountains overlap and the coast is steep. There is almost no plain, but the climate is warm and the rainfall is abundant. Produce olives and grapes. Shipping and shipbuilding are developed, concentrated in Genoa. Genoa is the largest cargo terminal in the Mediterranean, and China's ocean shipping company has an office here. The coast here is steep and beautiful, and the Ligurian coast is a tourist attraction in Italy. There is also the annual San Remo San Remo Italian Singing Festival Festival FestivalBar, which also attracts thousands of domestic and foreign tourists.

Lombardi (Lombardi)

Milan, the capital, is located in the north of Po River Plain. Lombardy is the most developed region in Italy, with a complete range of industries, including machinery and chemicals, clothing and textiles, food, publishing, printing, building materials and furniture. Mainly concentrated in the triangle of Milan, Como and Varese. As the financial center of Italy, it is one of the centers of fashion, design and fashion in the world. Every year, clothing exhibitions and furniture exhibitions can attract more than 200,000 visitors. Almost all major Italian clothing brands have their headquarters here. There are many famous clothing stores in the city center, and many people from all over the world come here to shop. The Bank of China has a branch here.

Trentino alto adige

Located in the northernmost part of Italy, the residents are Germans (66.6%) and Italians (29. 4%) and Latin-speaking minorities (4.2%). 1948 set up an autonomous region. The official languages are German and Italian, and the capital is Trento. This is a mountainous area with a cold climate, and the forest area accounts for more than 44% of the whole area. Many mountain peaks are covered with snow all year round, which is a tourist ski resort. Hydropower is also fully utilized here. Adige River Adige River is the second largest river in Italy, with a total length of 4 10 km, running through the whole territory from northwest to southeast. Rich agricultural night areas are formed on both sides of the valley, mainly producing fruits, vegetables and wheat, and the output of apples ranks first in the country. Grape cultivation is also very common, rich in high-quality wine. Although it is a mountainous area, the traffic here is very convenient, with railways and highways connected to Austria.

Veneto (Veneto)

Located in the northeast of Italy, it is mountainous in the northwest and plain in the southeast. The Po and Adige rivers run through the whole area, and Venice is the capital. The scenery here is very beautiful. In addition to the famous water city Venice, the mountainous area of Dolomiti in the west is also an Italian ski resort. In short, tourism plays an important role in this area. Tourism-related handicrafts are mainly produced on small islands near Venice, such as crystal glass products in Murano and hand embroidery in Blano. The famous enterprise in this field is Benetton, the king of the world's ready-to-wear clothing.

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Located in the northeast of Italy, there is a railway connecting the Balkans and Central European countries, which is the eastern gate of Italy. The southern part of this area is plain, and the northern part is mountainous, with a continental climate, and the capital is Trieste. The main residents are Italians, but there are also a few Slovenians and Germans. Due to historical reasons, this area has also become an autonomous region since 1963. Udine is an important chair producer in the world, accounting for more than half of the world's annual output and exported to all parts of the world. Trieste's Italian coffee is world famous.

Emilia Romagne (Emilia Romagne)

Located in the north of central Italy, with hills in the south and plains in the north, it has a continental climate, and Bologna is the capital. Parma is famous for ham and cheese, and Barr Samico Black grape vinegar in Modena is also famous. Maranello belongs to Modena region and is the birthplace of Ferrari cars. Sassuolo in Modena is the world leader in ceramic tile industry. The ceramic tile exhibition held in Bologna every early autumn is the largest exhibition in the world. China, one of the Italian countries, is located in this area. Bologna is the north-south railway hub of Italy.

There are six districts in central China: Tuscany, umbria, Ma Erkai, Lazio, abruzzi and molise.

Tuscany (Tuscany)

It is located in the west of the Apennines in central Italy, with mountains in the north, hills in the east and south, and plains in the west coast and the Arno River basin. It has a Mediterranean climate. Florence, the capital. Before the ancient Romans unified the Italian peninsula, this was the place where Aite rusk lived, and the civilization level was higher than other places. In addition, it is also the cradle of the Renaissance, and has always been a place that domestic and foreign tourists yearn for, such as the historical sites and artistic treasures of Florence, the Gothic architecture of Siena and the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Grapes and olives are widely planted in the hilly areas here, which are rich in high-quality wine and olive oil. The white marble in carrara is world-famous and is a favorite treasure of sculptors. The textile industry in Pratoprato occupies an important position in the world, so many immigrants from China are welcome to engage in garment processing. Benigni, who is famous for filming Beauty, is a Plato. Arezzo's gold, silver and jewelry industry is very developed. The stationmaster company is located in Prato.

Umbria (umbria)

Located in central Italy, the eastern part is mountainous, accounting for 29%, and the western part is hilly, accounting for 765,438+0%. There are only a few flat areas in the upper reaches of the Tiber River. The climate is Mediterranean. Perugia Beruga, the capital. There are many Etruscan cultures and ancient Roman relics in this area, as well as many Renaissance buildings and artworks, such as Belluga and assisi. assisi has almost completely preserved the face of the ancient medieval city and is an important tourist attraction in Italy. Belluga is a famous manufacturer of chocolate Baci. Moby Dick University for Foreigners is the only way for foreigners to study in China.

Ma Erkai (Marco)

Located in the east of the Apennines in central Italy, it is adjacent to the Adriatic Sea in the east, mainly in mountains and hills. Ancona, the capital. Ancona. The beaches here are gentle and sandy, with little seawater pollution. This is the best bathing beach in Italy, and it is crowded in summer. Pesaro district in this area is the center of Italian shoemaking.

Lazio team

Located in central Italy, near the west coast. The area is hilly, and the coast and Tiber River are plains. Rome, the capital. After World War II, a relatively complete industry was developed with Rome as the center. The tourism industry in this area is developed, and the service industry occupies a large proportion in the economic life here.

Abruzzi (abandoned by Abreu)

Located in the east of Apennines in central Italy, south of Ma Erkai and east of Lazio, the central and western regions mainly focus on animal husbandry and also grow vegetables and fruits. The coastal areas are dominated by fisheries. The capital L 'Aquila is in trouble. The coast is also an excellent bathing place, and many domestic and foreign tourists come here for sightseeing in summer. Teramo owns the only ski resort in central China. There are also many ancient features and unique scenic towns.

Moliis (Moliis)

Originally abandoned by Abreu, 1963 is independent, located in the south, with the same landform and climate. Besides Italians, there are many Albanians and Serbs. The capital is campobasso. This area is dominated by agriculture. There are also clean beaches and beautiful villas here, but the tourism industry has not developed well. This is one of the poorest areas in Italy.

There are six districts in the south: Campania, Puglia, Basilicata and Calabria, including Sicily and Sa Ding.

Campania (Campania)

It is located in the south of the Apennines in southern Italy, bordering tyrrhenian sea in the south. The climate is pleasant, warm in winter and cool in summer. Naples, the capital. Agriculture is very important in this area. Although industry is not as good as the north, it is a finger in the south. The port of Naples has convenient transportation and is an important port in Italy. The natural scenery here is beautiful, and with the ancient city of Pompeii, tourism has become an important economic source.

Other areas are basically dominated by agriculture, and industries are also small and medium-sized enterprises. Tourism resources are very rich.

City introduction

Florence

Florence, located in central Italy, is now the capital of Tuscany with a population of nearly 500,000. Florence, as the birthplace of the Renaissance and an ancient city of culture and art, attracts a large number of tourists every year.

During the Renaissance, many famous artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael and Michelangelo, who were called the Three Renaissance Masters, left many immortal works in Florence. There are many art treasures in uffizi gallery, Pitty Palace, College Art Museum and National Museum.

This city and Nanjing became twin cities.

Windward bow jib

Genoa, located in Genoa Bay in northern Italy, is the capital of Liguria, with a population of 770,000 and a port water area of 45 square kilometers. It is the largest port in Italy. The urban economy closely revolves around the development of port business, and the transportation and insurance industries are developed.

There are also many historical sites here, including the cathedral, the Church of Santa Maria, the Palace of Saint George, the City Hall, the Palace of Rosso and the Palace of Spinano, the former residence and museum of the great navigator Columbus, and the largest marine life park in Italy.

Our ocean shipping company has an office here.

Milan

Milan is the second largest city in Italy, with a population of 2.5 million and an area of 65,438+0,800 square kilometers. The city is the most important industrial, commercial and financial center in Italy, and also the hub of national railway, highway and air transportation.

Milan has a long history. It was built in 400 BC. Since 292 AD, it has been the residence of the emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Milan was ruled by Spain, Austria and France many times in history, and/kloc-0 was merged into Italy from Austria in 860.

It is a modern city, which also contains a large number of cultural and artistic heritages and famous historical sites. The most famous is the Domo Cathedral in the city center. The church was built in 1386 and was not completed until 1858, which lasted for five centuries. This is a Gothic building with white marble. There are 135 towers at the top of the church, which are beautifully carved. There is a gilded statue of the Virgin Mary on the tallest tower. The whole church covers an area of 1 1700 square meters and can accommodate 35,000 people. It is the second cathedral in the world. Near Tama Square, there is the hungry Manu Ai Le II Promenade. This is a semi-circular corridor decorated with stained glass, with a length of196m, a width of105m and a height of 47m. On both sides are all kinds of beautifully decorated and expensive shops.

Milan also has the world-famous Scala Opera House, Fort Sforzesko, Santa Maria Delage Church, and the monastery adjacent to it has Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper.

Milan has developed industry and strong economic strength. Together with Turin and Genoa, it constitutes Italy's industrial delta, and its output value accounts for more than half of Italy's total industrial output value. Many big companies have their headquarters here. Various exhibitions held in Milan Exhibition Hall attracted many businessmen from all over the world.

Milan and Shanghai are twin cities.

Naples

Naples, located in the Bay of Naples in southern Italy, is the third largest city in Italy with a population of1.2000. It is the capital of Campania, an important port and a southern industrial center. The famous tourist attractions such as Capri, Ischia and Vesuvius are not far from the city. Additional ruins of Pompeii and Ercolano.

The port of Naples is a natural port in Italy, which has a wide water depth and can dock huge ships. Its passenger traffic ranks first in the country, and its freight volume ranks second only to Genoa.

Rome

Rome, a world-famous historical and cultural city, is located in central Italy. It is the capital of Italy and the capital of Lazio, with an area of 1500 square kilometers and a population of 2.8 million. It is the largest city in Italy.

Rome was founded in 735 BC and has a history of more than 2,700 years. It is the birthplace of ancient Rome. Legend: Prince Troy fled to Italy after the defeat. His daughter's name is Sylvia. Uncle Amaurius forced his niece to become a monk in order to seize the throne. Sylvia and Mars gave birth to twin brothers Romolo and Remo. Amulius put them in a wooden basin and floated down the Tiber River. They ran aground in Rome today, were fed by a wolf and a woodpecker, and then adopted by a herder. The two brothers grew up to be local leaders, and then killed Amaurius to regain the throne. Romolo and Remo draw a border, they want to build a city, and their younger brother is not allowed to enter the city; Ramo didn't listen to him. He stepped into the territory of Romolo and was killed by his brother. Romolo built a city there and named it Rome after himself. So the emblem of Rome is that a wolf gives birth to two babies.

Rome is the cradle of western civilization represented by the European Renaissance. Walking on the streets of Rome is like walking into an exhibition hall of ancient architectural art, with churches, squares, sculptures and fountains all over the city, making Rome a recognized eternal city. There are many places of interest in Rome with archaeological, cultural and artistic values, such as the Colosseum, the ruins of ancient Rome, the Pantheon, the Angel Castle and so on.

Rome has more than 1300 fountains. It is said that most of them were built during the Renaissance to celebrate the restoration of some water supply pipes. One of the most famous is Trevi Fountain (also known as Maiden Fountain) located in the city center, as well as the ancient ship fountain in Spanish Square, Poseidon Fountain and Bee Fountain in Balbarini Square and Four Rivers Fountain in Navona Square.

The most famous squares in Rome are St Peter's Square and Venice Square. St Peter's Square was designed and built by architect bernini. There are two long corridors in the square, and there are big stone pillars in the corridors. There are 284 pillars in the two corridors, and 142 statues of saints with different expressions stand at the top of the pillars. The square is magnificent and can be called a must in the history of architecture. Venice Square is the largest square in Rome, with a length of 1.30 meters and a width of 75 meters. All the major celebrations in Rome were held here, such as the inauguration ceremony of the President and the laying of wreaths by foreign heads of state.

There are 6 10 churches and monasteries in Rome, the most famous of which is St. Peter's Cathedral in the Vatican, which is a "country within a city" and was designed for Michelangelo and others. Brilliance inside and outside the church; With a length of 960 feet and a vault height of 144 feet, it can accommodate 60,000 people and is the largest church in the world. In addition, there are the Cathedral of Santa Maria and St. Paul's Cathedral in Rome.

In the late 1930s, the government planned to build a large number of modern buildings in the southern suburbs of ancient Rome, which was then called New Rome. Now it is the headquarters of many government departments, social organizations and large companies. Rome's tourism industry is developed, and about two-thirds of people are engaged in the tertiary industry.

Turin

Turin, located in the Po River valley in northwest Italy, is the capital of Piedmont region, with a population of 1, 654,38+07,000. It is an important industrial, commercial and cultural center of Italy.

This is a famous historical city. Once the capital of Lombardy and Sardinia, it was still the capital of the Kingdom of Italy until 1865. Therefore, the city has a large number of historical sites, the most famous of which is the medieval Madama Palace. During the Baluchistan period, many architects designed and built many exquisite buildings for the city, such as the Palace, Valentino Castle, Villa Stabi, the Town Hall of Sauper, Notre Dame and Plaza San Carlo. Built in the19th century, the antonelli wooden spire is still a symbol of this city.

The industry in Turin is developed, and the famous Italian private enterprise Fiat Company is located in Turin, and the whole city is constantly developing under its drive. The auto show held every year is one of the most important exhibitions in the world.

Venice

Venice, located along the Adriatic Sea in northern Italy, is the capital of Veneto region and a world-famous water city. The city is located on the small island of 1 18 in Venice lagoon. These islands are connected by 40 1 bridges, and 177 canals crisscross each other, forming the city's traffic trunk line.

As a famous tourist attraction, it receives tens of millions of tourists every year. The main places of interest are: St. Kyle Square and Church, Tudor Palace, St. Mary's Church, St. Overseas Chinese Church, etc. It is quite interesting to take a boat with local characteristics' gondola' to shuttle through the water, enjoy the Goethe-Venetian architecture standing by the water, and listen to the artist singing' Saint Lucia'.

Venice's economy is dominated by tourism and service industries. Every spring, carnival attracts more tourists, and when the water really stops flowing, there will be a spectacle of traffic police directing pedestrian traffic. The production of crystal glass in Venetian Murano is also a very famous traditional industry.

The casino in Venice is one of the three legal casinos in Italy.

Historical investigation

1. Roman period

Italy is an ancient civilization with a history of more than 3,000 years. During the Iron Age around 1000 BC, Ligurian, Veneto, Serus, umbria, Latin, Sabbini, Musani, Italian and so on lived from south to north on the Italian peninsula.

The capital of Rome

Rome was founded in 735 BC and has a history of more than 2,700 years. It is the birthplace of ancient Rome. Legend: Prince Troy fled to Italy after the defeat. His daughter's name is Sylvia. Uncle Amaurius forced his niece to become a monk in order to seize the throne. Sylvia and Mars gave birth to twin brothers Romolo and Remo. Amulius put them in a wooden basin and floated down the Tiber River. They ran aground in Rome today, were fed by a wolf and a woodpecker, and then adopted by a herder. The two brothers grew up to be local leaders, and then killed Amaurius to regain the throne. Romolo and Remo draw a border, they want to build a city, and their younger brother is not allowed to enter the city; Ramo didn't listen to him. He stepped into the territory of Romolo and was killed by his brother. Romolo built a city there and named it Rome after himself. So the emblem of Rome is that a wolf gives birth to two babies.

Of course, this is just a beautiful legend. But it reflects the influence of ancient Greece on ancient Rome: the Romans thought they were descendants of Greeks and gods.

Wang Zheng period (735 BC-565438 BC)

During the reign of ancient Rome, there were seven kings. Romolo was the first king. According to legend, in the early days of the monarchy, there were 300 clans in Rome. Romolo called every ten clans phratries, every ten phratries became a tribe, and three such tribes constituted "Rome". The Senate meeting is the political organization form of the Roman people, discussing major issues and making decisions, declaring war and peace, and electing kings. The king is a military leader. The Senate is composed of clan leaders and assists the king in handling affairs.

* * * and period (5 10-27 BC)

At the beginning of the 6th century BC, the Romans occupied about 2,000 square kilometers of land near the mouth of the Tiber River south of Rome. The transformation from kingdom to Republic is not only a change of system, but also a profound change of society and law. * * * At the early stage of the consolidation and development of the Republic of China, the Romans were involved in conflicts with neighboring countries and nations. They first conquered the north and south of the Tiber River and consolidated their position in Lazio, then invaded the territory of the Msani people to the south, and finally competed with the Greeks for taranto. By the beginning of the third century BC, the Romans had achieved absolute hegemony in the Italian peninsula, and almost controlled the entire Italian peninsula, including Pisa, Florence and southern Rimini, with a territorial area of 6,543,800 square kilometers.

Punic War and Territorial Expansion

From the 5th century BC to the 2nd century BC, the emerging Roman Republic maintained friendly relations with Carthage. Because the Romans fought against the Greeks at home, they needed the support of Carthage, who also wanted to eliminate the influence of the Greeks in Sicily. But the emerging Roman Republic pursued expansionism. In 264 BC, Rome and Carthage fought for Sicily, and the first Punic War broke out. As a result, Rome seized control of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. The second Punic War broke out in 2 18 BC and ended in 20 1 year BC. Rome acquired all the overseas territories of Carthage, dissolved Carthage's navy, and received a lot of reparations. After the Second Punic War, Rome conquered Greece through three Macedonian wars (2 15- 146) and completely destroyed Carthage through the third Punic War, thus completing the control of the Eastern Mediterranean and becoming a powerful country in the Mediterranean region.

Imperial period (27-476 BC)

In the first century BC, there were many civil wars in Rome and at home. As a result, soldiers led by Caesar and Otaviano came to power. Octavian became the head of state in 65438+ 10 in 27 BC, officially announcing the end of * * * and the beginning of the imperial period. Octavian continued to expand abroad and basically determined his own territory: the Euphrates River in the east, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, Britain and Germany in the north and North Africa in the south. The two centuries after the founding of the People's Republic of China were relatively calm. In 40 1 year, visigoths invaded the Roman empire and once captured the city of Rome. In 455, Vandals invaded the Italian peninsula from North Africa via Sicily and looted Rome. In 476, the last emperor was deposed by the barbarian general Odyake, and the Western Roman Empire perished.

2. The Middle Ages and Renaissance

3. Italian unification movement

4. Modern Italy

Daily life customs

At present, people's life in China has reached a certain level, and the daily reports in the western media are also detailed and multifaceted. Therefore, compatriots who have the opportunity to study abroad, travel or emigrate have almost no feeling of "Granny Liu visiting the grand view" to the outside world, let alone any cultural shock. Most of our compatriots abroad are also full of confidence after being exposed to western etiquette. As long as they behave naturally and appropriately in front of foreigners, they will not be rude. However, some have become ingrained tricks and habits. Maybe everyone does it at home, maybe no one cares, but it will attract people's attention or be regarded as taboo abroad. Therefore, do as the Romans do. And these sections that should be paid attention to are not found in the book "International Etiquette", depending on whether an individual experiences observation in his life.

Shut up when eating, don't make any noise when eating and drinking, roll up noodles with a fork and send them to your mouth, don't make any noise. Talk between meals until there is no food in your mouth. Otherwise, it is impolite. After each dish is finished, as long as the knives and forks are placed side by side on the plate, it means that the dish has been finished. If there is any left, the waiter will withdraw.

When friends get together, they usually go to a restaurant to eat together, and the money is shared by everyone, unless the other party declares that it is a treat. If an Italian invites you to dinner at home, you are a distinguished guest. Guests can bring wine (usually wine), dessert or commemorative flowers. In Italy, a man and a woman sit in separate rows, and husband and wife are usually separated. The food, wine and dessert brought by the guests are also eaten immediately. Gifts were also opened at the scene.

Don't bring condiments on the table. If the food is not in front of you, please ask your neighbor to help you. Our habit is to get up and pick up distant meals, while Europeans are just the opposite: bring the whole distant dinner plate to us, and then put the food on it.

Kissing is a courtesy between close friends. Generally, two people have to lean on their faces two or three times and make a kiss. Kissing is also performed between two male friends in Italy, which is an exception in western countries. In other countries, kissing is only between men and women. Just shake hands when ordinary friends are polite.

Don't pick your nose with your fingers in front of people. In China, most people don't care, and they act subconsciously. In Europe, this is a taboo in social situations. Also be careful not to dig your ears in front of people. Don't talk loudly in public.

Italy, Italy

Italian culture-Italian tourism-Italian business-Italian history

A factory that makes "fashion"

Italy covers an area of 30 1.300 square kilometers, which is about one thirtieth of China's. On the whole, her climate is really good. Winter is mild and summer is hot, but with the sea around, heat becomes a kind of enjoyment.

Rome, the capital with a population of about 2.83 million, is the birthplace of the ancient Roman Empire. Since the 8th century, it has become the center of Catholicism. Her biggest industrial and commercial city is Milan, and other famous cities are Venice, Firenze, Naples, Turin, Genoa, Palermo and so on.

All kinds of sightseeing services in Italy are very perfect, whether it is group tours or individual self-help tours, they can get satisfactory services in various places such as EMIT, stations, hotels and many information stations.

There are more than three Italy: there are many enthusiastic men and women, many statues and many Catholic churches; You can feel these qualities whether in a bustling modern city or a sparsely populated poor village. Although Italian is the main language, many people still have a little knowledge of English, and because they often face tourists, Italians can understand or guess your needs even if they don't know the language.

Cheerfulness, optimism and enthusiasm are the characteristics of Latin people, but they are also informal, lazy and inefficient. Italy has many holidays all year round, often for religious reasons. They don't work long hours every day, from 9 am to 12 am and from 4 pm to 6 pm, but they have a long break at noon. Therefore, whether you are visiting, shopping or doing business, you should pay special attention to the opening or business hours of various places so as not to delay time.

Some people say that the Italian people are warm, the weather is a little hot, the food is delicious, the cultural history is very long, and the environment is chaotic and orderly. This will be clear after about a day in Italy.