Appreciation of Tang poetry: Du and Lu Cheng's early spring outing in Jinling

Looking at Lucheng's Early Spring Tour in Jinling is a poem by Du Fu, a poet in Tang Dynasty. This poem is about the poet's injury that he can't go back to his hometown because of his business trip. The following is an appreciation of the Tang poems I compiled for you: Du and Lu Cheng had a spring outing in Jinling, welcome to share.

Looking forward to an early spring outing with Jinling Lucheng.

Du shenyan

Only those who are far away from home are particularly sensitive to the change of natural phenology.

The bright sun on the sea is about to rise, and Jiangnan in the south of the Yangtze River is reviving.

Warm spring urges warblers to sing, and duckweed in the clear sun is dark in color.

Suddenly an old song played, and I was homesick.

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For most people, I am afraid that the poets in the early Tang Dynasty are most impressed by the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty", but they don't know much about Du. He was a contemporary of the "four masters in the early Tang Dynasty" and made certain contributions and influences to the finalization and development of five-character poems. In order to give you an overall impression, it is necessary for us to make a brief introduction to the author. Du (about 645-708) was born in Xiangyang, Henan Province, and later moved to Gong County. Du Fu's grandfather. Literati in the reign of Xianheng. When he was in the middle school, he was exiled to Fengzhou because of his involvement with the Zhang Yizhi brothers. Bachelor's degree in Houguan Xiuwen Museum. A rare talent, as well as Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su Weidao, is called "Four Friends of Articles". His five-character poems are rigorous, beautiful and delicate. Du Ji was compiled in the Song Dynasty, and the New and Old Books of the Tang Dynasty and Talented Persons of the Tang Dynasty were circulated.

The ancients liked to sing, make friends for three or five days, make an appointment to travel together, drink string songs, get excited, write poems and sing. This poem was written by Du Chang and Lu Cheng's Looking at Early Spring. This poem is fresh and fresh for Ming Xiu, and expresses his homesickness when traveling abroad.

This poem was probably written in the Yongchang period of Wu Zetian, then Jiangyin County. In the first year of Xianheng (670), he was a scholar, but his career was always frustrated. He just made a small official like Xian Cheng, as noble and humble as the "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty". He is full of ambition, thank you, sir, there is no reason to show it. During Yongchang years, he traveled abroad for more than 20 years. Early spring is the time when the author is full of resentment, frustrated in his official career, with a bleak future, leaving his hometown and staying away from Luo Jing. His frustration in official career and homesickness were aroused by Lu Cheng's "Looking at Early Spring", and they sang together.

The first couplet, "Only vagrants can come, and they are always shocked by new beauty", pointed out his special identity from the beginning-an official vagrant who left his hometown and was an official outside. In the early spring, there was a silence for a winter, and a thriving scene should be pleasing to the eye for ordinary people. At this time, the author is an "official traveler", and frustrated people naturally cannot enjoy the beautiful scenery and feel comfortable like ordinary people. The emphasis on "uniqueness" and "local surprise" vividly shows the poet's nostalgia and complicated mood when he sees the changes of climate and scenery in the early spring of Jiangnan. One place, one scene, one thing is a common thing, but in the eyes of frustrated and depressed poets who travel overseas, it is not so simple and common. The so-called "I see things, so everything is my color" is true!

Parallel Prose and Necklace Couplet are both about scenery, describing the scenery in the early spring of the south of the Yangtze River, not the scenery in the early spring of the Central Plains, but the scenery of official tours, not the scenery of the native land of the Central Plains. I want to write about the novelty and beauty of the early spring scenery in Jiangnan, and I want to miss my relatives in my hometown. Everywhere is the scene of early spring in the south of the Yangtze River, and there are shadows of early spring in the Central Plains everywhere! At the moment, the climate in the hinterland of the Central Plains is still very cold. At this time, Jiangnan is already very warm, with flowers and birds singing, and the trees are lush. At the moment, when I see the spring in Jiangnan, my mind is full of spring in my hometown! Therefore, these two couplets are touching scenes of "constant new beauty shock", that is, writing homesickness through phenology. The so-called "seeing things by things, so I don't know what I am and what things are" is also true.

"White clouds and red clouds break dawn from the sea" is a picture of clouds going out to sea. At sunrise, the clouds in the east steam and glow. This is the scene of Jiangnan water town. Jiangnan is located in the east, near the East China Sea. The ground temperature is humid, and the water vapor rises at sunrise, as if clouds are floating and spreading in the air. The early spring in the south of the Yangtze River, with this touch of dawn, spreads like clouds on this magical and beautiful land in the south of the Yangtze River. At this moment, the homeland of the Central Plains is still cold and dry, and it is a scene of decline and sadness. How can you not be surprised to see this scene?

Wild Li Chunjiang Willow is a painting of Liu Mei crossing the river. Jiangnan in February is as warm as spring. Plum blossoms open their beautiful faces and show their charm to the fullest. It is like a girl with a pure heart, showing her heart, weeping willows and leaves, graceful, swaying, graceful and graceful. It is like a gentle girl, winking. At this moment, the homeland of the Central Plains is still the smile of Mei Lian, the shyness of Liu Mian, and the remnant winter is still the ruler of the Central Plains. In the heavy snow, looking at the willow-colored Xun Mei from a distance, there is nowhere to be found. How can you not be surprised to see it there?

"I see an oriole darting in the warm wind" is a picture of a yellow bird in spring, Shu Qi is the warm breath of spring, and the yellow bird is an oriole, which begins to sing in February. Silent for a winter, orioles chirped and cheered, full of spring, very lively. The word "urge" here is used wonderfully, as if the yellow bird was urged to come, indicating that it was urgent. Spring has come, but there is no lack of excitement. Xia Yun and Liu Mei are still lifes, while yellow birds are animals, which makes the whole spring lively and noisy. At this moment, the native land of the Central Plains, although the yellow bird once sang, is intermittent, rustling atrophy, can not lift the mood. When the cold wind blows, where can you shout? How can I not be surprised to see this lively scene?

"Sunshine turns to green duckweed" is a picture of green duckweed winning glory. Sunny is spring, beautiful and moist as jade. The duckweed in the water couldn't bear it any longer, and quietly put on the green clothes, fresh and elegant, refreshing and pleasant, and quiet. At this moment, the homeland of the Central Plains is still wrinkled by the cold wind, and the pool water is still freezing. Lv Ping won't be able to put on her new clothes and see the new green until March. How can she not be surprised?

In short, the "new" in early spring in Jiangnan is written in four spring scenes, and the "lively" in early spring in Jiangnan is written in "going out, crossing, urging and turning". It is precisely because of this "newness and liveliness" that the poet is frightened, moved and missed! In the spring of my hometown, where are you waiting for me? I miss you!

The ending is suddenly an old song lyrics, and the old tune is Lu Cheng's Journey to Early Spring. The poet's mood at the moment is "longing", "pure heart" and "longing" The sight of early spring in the south of the Yangtze River made the poet, an official traveler, feel ups and downs and complicated. At this time, he heard the ancient songs of tourists, and was moved and teased by this pair. He only shed tears. "Suddenly smell" wrote the poet's sense of surprise. First of all, he expressed his appreciation and surprise for his friends' poems. Secondly, his friend's poems just touched the poet's homesickness. People say that men don't flick when they have tears, because they haven't reached the sad place yet! As an official poet and a frustrated poet, at this moment, why not play this poem once?

In a word, this poem is complete in structure, rigorous and meticulous, beautiful in style and harmonious in rhyme. It is commendable in the early Tang Dynasty and worth tasting!

Overall appreciation

This is a harmonious poem. The author uses the same title as the original song to express his feelings and thoughts on his official trip to the south of the Yangtze River. It's a pleasure to enjoy the scenery with friends in the early spring in the south of the Yangtze River, but Rainbow, a poet, went upstairs. "Although he believes in beauty, he doesn't believe in us", he might as well go home. So this poem is written with different feelings, including surprises, unpleasantness, enjoyment, unhappiness, freshness, sadness, beauty, indifference, even sadness and grumbling.

At the beginning of the poem, I expressed that only vagrants who have left their homes for official careers will be surprised by the festive climate in a foreign land. The implication is that if you are in your hometown or local people, you will be familiar with it. In this "unique" and "biased" emphasis tone, the poet's ambivalent mood of official travel to the south of the Yangtze River is vividly displayed. This opening is very unique and personal.

The middle couplet says "meditation". On the surface, these two couplets describe the phenological changes in the south of the Yangtze River from the beginning of the new year to mid-spring and February, showing the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. In fact, the poet wrote the novelty of a foreign land in the south of the Yangtze River by comparing the phenology of his hometown in the Central Plains. In the fresh scenery of mid-spring in the south of the Yangtze River, there are poets who are nostalgic for their hometown in late spring in the Central Plains, admiring every sentence and homesick everywhere.

The sentence "Xia Yun" was written at the beginning of the new year. In the ancient concept, the God of Spring is the East Emperor, whose orientation is in the east, sunrise is in the east and spring comes from the east. In the Central Plains, the phenology at the beginning of the Spring Festival is "the east wind thaws, the insects begin to vibrate, and the fish is frozen" (Book of Rites and Moon Order). The wind is warm and the water is still cold. In the coastal waters of Jiangnan water town, spring breeze and spring water are warm and turbid. Therefore, the poet highlighted the Spring Festival in the south of the Yangtze River as the sun rose from the East China Sea to the world, reflecting the morning clouds. The sentence "Liu Mei" is about the flowers and trees in the first month of early spring. They are all plum blossoms, belonging to the first month of early spring. In the north, this is Xun Mei in the snow. Looking at the willow color in the distance, winter has not disappeared; Jiangnan is already a spring of plum blossoms and willow leaves, as described by the poet in Daan written in the first month of the same year: "Plum blossoms fall and willow leaves open, which is a good wind." So this sentence says that when Liu Mei crossed Jiang Lai, it was already a warm spring in bloom in the south of the Yangtze River.

Next, write Spring Birds. "Shu Qi" refers to the warm climate in spring. In mid-spring February, "Cang Geng (oriole) sings" (Book of Rites, Moon Order), but the oriole in the south of the Yangtze River sings more joyously. Lu Ji, a poet in the Western Jin Dynasty, said, "Cao Hui lives in a tree and enjoys being a bird." "I see an oriole dart in the warm wind" is the application of Lu's poems, and the word "urge" highlights the characteristics of birds singing in February in Jiangnan. Then, write water plants. In Jiangnan, Jiang Yan, a poet of Liang Dynasty, said: "In February and spring in Jiangnan, the east wind turned green." (Ode to a Beautiful Spring Tour) This sentence is "reflecting the sun with a green water plant", which is a word used in Jiang's poems, suggesting that the phenology of mid-spring in February in the south of the Yangtze River is exactly the same as that of late spring in March in the Central Plains, a whole month earlier.

In short, the new is strange because of the old, and the scenery is surprised because of the emotion. Surprised by homesickness and homesickness, I feel more novel in a foreign land. Jiangnan phenology in the eyes of these two couplets also contains nostalgia for the hometown of the Central Plains, which is consistent with the ambivalence of the first couplet and naturally turns to the last couplet.

"Ancient tune" is a title that respects the original song of Lu Chengyuan. The poet used "sudden news" to express the external tone, cleverly showing that Lu Cheng's poems inadvertently touched the poet's homesickness and made him cry. On the other hand, it is precisely because the poet is homesick that once it is triggered, he will burst into tears. This ending not only points out the idea, but also points out the harmony and meaning, and the structure is rigorous and meticulous.

When people appreciate this poem, they often prefer the first and last couplets and skip the middle couplets. In fact, its conception is complete and original. Although the ending is unique, if there is no unique scene description in the middle two couplets, the whole poem will not be so full, coherent, interesting and irrelevant. In this sense, the beauty of this poem lies in the couplets in the middle.

At the end of the couplet, I clearly want to go home and express my original intention of hurting spring. The poem is anthropomorphic and written in early spring in the south of the Yangtze River. It is vivid and neat, with fine structure and refined words. Holding back the meaning of the topic, he said that he had read Lu Cheng's quaint poem "Looking at Early Spring" and even reminded him of homesickness. The tears that can't stop are almost wet. The word "desire" is well used because it vividly expresses the poet's deep feelings of "thinking back".

This poem is a cautionary tale. This is a mature metrical poem with clear rhythm, uniform and harmonious style and neat antithesis. Structurally, there is a meaning group on the head, a meaning group on the neck and another meaning group on the tail, which echo from end to end and spread out in the middle. This style of writing is a common format in the early Tang Dynasty and even in the later Tang Dynasty. Therefore, this poem can be said to be the foundation work to complete the style freeze of modern poetry in the early Tang Dynasty, and it has the significance of opening up the atmosphere first and opening up the atmosphere first.

Evaluation by famous experts

Fang Hui: The rhyme began to change. Four sentences were expressed at a high rate, and the last sentence was deeply devoted. Start a sentence as a topic. Judging from the embarrassment of Shaoling, it is the beginning of a changeable cloud. Start with a big drink. (Lv Kuikui)

Yang Shen: Beauty lies in the uniqueness and ignorance of the four function words. ("San An Shi Hua")

Guo Zhuo: Guo Yun: The four sentences are all scenery, and the waist language is all shocking. The grid is not very high, it is very powerful. ("Supplementary Comments on the Pronunciation of Tang Poetry")

Liu: I'm sorry. "Xia Yun" two sentences, then hold your head high. (Selected Tang Poems)

Hu Yinglin: Five-character Rhythm in Early Tang Dynasty, Du Chuchun's visit to Tianjin, autumn banquet, boarding Xiangyang City, Dexiang, Shen Quanqi's Su Qipan, Song's attendants' Dengfeng, Li Qiao's Ganlu Hall banquet, Su Yi's Mountain and Sun Qi. Beginners must get started from now on and will not fall into a small family. ("Poetry")

Lu Shiyong: Three or four are like pure gold. The words "white clouds and red clouds dawn from the sea, spring is in the wild plum river and willow", "Shu" and "spring" are all carefully crafted by the ancients. (Tang Shi Ming Jing)

Zhou Jing: Function words such as "independence", "deviation", "sudden", "surprise", "smell" and "desire" have a wonderful machine. ("General Comment on the Forest of Tang Poetry Pulse Selection Meeting")

Wang Fuzhi: It begins with my intention and ends with my intention. I'm really from Sue and Lee, and I don't care about Jian 'an. Look at his knot, but it is infinite. "On Qin" has such a structure that there is no difference between benevolence and righteousness, and this vulgar pen must have a thousand words. (Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty)

Feng Ban: The couplet says "Wang You" without trace. (Review of Ying Kui's Law)

Gu An: The middle four sentences are about phenology, but they are very insightful when written together. When you cross the river at sea, you will think of your hometown. Cen Jiazhou's poem "When the spring breeze touches, I think of my hometown" means this, but this sentence is meaningful and difficult to detect. ("Tang Lu Xiao Xia Lu")

Zhu Zhijing: The phenology is new, and it is dark in early spring. I drink the word "Zhen" in the second couplet in the middle. In the early spring of the second couplet, the middle four words are all "Jing". ..... "Unique", "local surprise" and "sudden smell" are machine-included. ("Adding Tang Poetry to Pick Money")

Qu Fu: If you combine the four sentences with the word "phenology", you can learn its methods by reversing changes. The "new phenology" will not happen to people who stay at home, and people who travel alone will be shocked. The third and fourth writing phenology is new everywhere, and the fifth and sixth writing phenology is new and rapid. With the meaning of words, it is not "shock" but "shock" in language. To tie the knot with Lu Cheng, we should take "thinking back" as "official behavior" and "wanting to touch the towel" as "partial surprise". (The Formation of Tang Poetry)

Ji Yun: At the beginning of the sentence, keep your hands off and get to the point. Knowing that there are no common diseases is not just a matter of tone. The word "He" is also dense at the end. (Review of Ying Kui's Law)

Manager Tan: The word "suddenly heard" suddenly came to generate, which made the spirit of the last sentence reveal. This poem begins with age and vigilance, and mentions Li Si in the middle. ("Near Autumn")

Gao Mai: Wu Beijiang Yun: Every sentence is shocked and corrected. Gao Buyun: These poems should be used to play their wonderful role. (Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties)

Yu Biyun: This poem is for sightseeing, but actually describes the scenery at that time. China's four words "Chu", "Reading", "Urging" and "Turning" are poetic. In spring, the word "crossing" is particularly accurate. (On the Realm of Poetry)

Brief introduction of the author

Du is a poet in Tang Dynasty. This word must be simple. Originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), he moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongxian County, Henan Province). He is the grandfather of the great poet Du Fu. Deeply influenced by his poetic method, Du Fu once proudly declared that "the poems of ancestors are the highest in all dynasties". Emperor Xianheng was a scholar. In middle school, he was exiled to Fengzhou because of his association with Zhang Yizhi brothers. He used to be a small official, such as Ji and Luo Yangcheng, and received a bachelor's degree in the official training hall. Shao is as famous as Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su Weidao, and is called "Four Friends of Articles". Singing with Shen Quanqi and Song in his later years was one of the founders of modern poetry in the Tang Dynasty. How simple and natural the work is, and how rigorous its five-character rhyme and meter are.