Developmental Psychology: Babies' Temperament

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Temperament is the earliest obvious and stable personal characteristic of a baby after birth, and it is the first personal characteristic observed by parents in any social and cultural background.

Studies have shown that the temperament of newborns has already appeared two days after birth.

Temperament type refers to the typical combination of the same or similar psychological activity characteristics in people.

There are four types of traditional theories:

1. Blood red

Features: weak sensitivity, strong reactivity, strong excitability and balance; Strong plasticity, extroversion and sociability; High flexibility and quick response.

2. Gallbladder

Features: weak sensitivity, strong reactivity and initiative, and excitement is more dominant than inhibition; Rigid extroversion; Strong emotion, quick response and inflexibility.

Step 3 glue

Features: weak sensitivity, weak reactivity, weak initiative, inflexibility and introversion; Weak emotional excitability and slow response.

4. Depression

Features: strong sensitivity, weak reactivity and initiative; Rigid introversion; Strong excitability; Depressed, unresponsive and inflexible.

The traditional four-type theory has strong vitality and is widely used by people. In addition, there are several other classification methods.

Pavlov's higher nervous activity type theory: weak (depression), strong and unbalanced (choleric), strong and inflexible (mucinous), strong and flexible (sanguine).

Thomas and Chase's theory of three types: easy type, difficult type and slow type.

There are three types of Brazer's theory: active, quiet and general.

Bath's life characteristics theory: emotional baby, active baby, social baby and impulsive baby.

Kagan's inhibition-non-inhibition theory.

Second, the stability and variability of temperament.

Baby temperament has great stability. As the saying goes, "nature cannot be changed" refers to the stability of temperament.

Although temperament is a relatively stable psychological feature, it will change to some extent under the influence of acquired living environment and education.

Third, the significance of temperament to early education and development.

Studies show that, on the one hand, temperament has an important influence on children's physiological development.

For example, infants with easy temperament and mixed temperament are obviously heavier than infants with difficult temperament and slow temperament.

On the other hand, temperament can effectively predict the development of children's cognitive development, emotional control and behavioral regulation.

For example, irritability can effectively predict the behavior problems of baby boys, and courage can effectively predict the behavior problems of baby girls.

A baby's temperament will change with age. The key to the formation of temperament type lies in whether the parenting style conforms to the temperament characteristics of children.

The fitness model includes creating an environment for raising babies, identifying each child's temperament type in this environment, and encouraging them to show more appropriate behaviors.

The inconsistency between parents' parenting style and children's temperament is called fit degradation, which will encourage children's resistance and human conflict.

For example, people who live a regular life and babies are difficult to get along with. Mothers will try their best to establish order, feed their babies on time and let them go to bed on time, but babies without this rhythm will inevitably lead to many contradictions between mothers and babies.

For children with active nature and high activity level, excessive parental intervention may inhibit their exploration behavior, leading to their aversion to new foods, which will gradually turn into intense anxiety when facing learning and social challenges.

The goodness-of-fit model of temperament and parental rearing patterns holds that every baby comes into this world with a unique temperament, and there is no difference between good and bad temperament. What parents should do is to provide a growth environment suitable for their children's development, give them the strength to grow and help them meet the challenges of growth.