Late Autumn Rain Scenes Thousands of Times —— Appreciation of Ancient Poems in Autumn Rain (I)

? Appreciation of Autumn Poems (I)

? Wang chuanxue

Autumn wind is bleak, autumn rain is bleak. In the minds of literati, autumn is always accompanied by rustling autumn wind, continuous autumn rain, whispering sadness and parting. For example, the autumn wind blows and the autumn rain screams at the lotus flowers in Sadula's Miscellaneous Poems of Sheyang Lake in Jiudu Gaoyou (Part II). In Pinghu Sanli, passers-by feel autumn more. "Autumn rain is like a poet's wet mood and becomes sad.

Accompanied by the continuous autumn rain, the poem of worrying about the country and the people comes from Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, whose thatched cottage was blown by the autumn wind:

In August and autumn, the wind roars,

Roll up three layers of grass on my house.

Mao flew over the river and sprinkled on the river.

The tallest one has a long forest tip,

The next person floats to Shentang 'ao.

The children in Nancun bullied me,

Stand up to the thief!

Open your arms to bamboo,

Dry mouth, unable to breathe,

Come back and sigh with a stick.

After a while, the wind changed the color of clouds and ink,

Autumn is bleak and dark.

This cloth has been cold for many years.

Joule lay down, his feet crackling.

There is no dry place in the bedside table.

The feet of the rain are like hemp.

Because of mourning and lack of sleep,

How can you get wet at night!

There are thousands of buildings in Ande,

All the poor people in the world are smiling.

The wind and rain do not move!

Oh! When I suddenly saw this house,

It is enough for me to freeze to death alone.

After the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu made a left supplement. Later, he was falsely accused of being a house party because he saved the Prime Minister and offended the emperor. In the first year of Gan Yuan (AD 758), he was demoted to Huazhou to join the army. This winter, I went back to Luoyang because of something. On the way back to Huazhou from Luoyang the following spring, I saw with my own eyes that the war and unreasonable military service brought great pain to the people. I was deeply moved, so I wrote the brilliant poem "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". There was a famine in the state this year, and he was dissatisfied with state affairs, so he abandoned his official position and fled to Qin Zhou and Tonggu with his family. But I still can't live in these places, so I trudged into Shu and arrived in Chengdu at the end of this year, living in a temple near Huanhuaxi. The next year, with the help of relatives and friends who were local officials, they managed to build several thatched huts in the west of Huanhua River and settle down.

The song "Autumn wind breaks the hut" was written in August of the same year. Described the bitter situation and feelings that the thatched cottage was broken by autumn wind and wet by autumn rain, and he stayed up all night. The whole poem can be divided into four layers:

The poem begins with a straightforward description of the hut being blown down by a strong wind.

The wider the sky in autumn, the stronger the wind. Such a violent wind will certainly not only roll up a few thatches on the roof, but also seem to shake the world. In this way, the poet wrote the fury of autumn wind concisely and vividly with a powerful pen, which reflected people's great panic under the power of nature and their strong desire for a stable life. Then, he tried his best to describe the scene that the strong wind blew the thatched cottage "across the river to disperse the suburbs", "hanging the long forest roof" and "floating in the pond and depression", showing the poet's anxiety and regret in struggling to save the thatched cottage.

On the second floor, a group of urchins did not listen to the call and took the thatch and the poet's sigh.

The thatch on the roof was swept away by the wind, and some of it could have been picked up again, but it was taken away by urchins. They not only took the thatch, but also ignored the poet's cry. They openly hold thatch and hide in the forest, which makes the poet thirsty and ignore it, which is even more annoying. Here, the poet compares himself with the urchin, which makes the old man and the urchin look very vivid. Severely reprimanding the urchin shows that the old man was in a bad mood at that time, and at the same time, it makes people feel that the old man and the children are very pitiful and forced by life to do so.

On the third floor, it says that it rained heavily soon after the gale stopped. The house leaked during the rainy night, the bed was wet, and the poet stayed up all night.

Writing the short silence before the heavy rain in autumn evening highlights the poet's deep depression. The poet compared the image of the quilt to iron, which intuitively gave people a cold and stiff impression, explained the obsolescence of the quilt and reflected the embarrassment of the poet's living conditions. The bed is cold, my son can't sleep well, and it is difficult to be peaceful. Besides, the hut was broken by the autumn wind, the rain kept falling, the house leaked in the rain, the bed was wet, and there was no dry place in the house. How can a person sleep? Besides, the poet has been in war for a long time, worried about the country and the people, and suffered from insomnia for a long time. Tonight, he was caught in the rain and couldn't sleep a wink. The deep worries about home and country accumulated in his mind for many years are intertwined with the current pain, tormenting him and making him long for the morning.

The last stage of a sleepless night in a storm is the poet's lofty ideals and best wishes.

The poet thinks of a series of tragic experiences in the past from the pain of the present; From the personal tragic experience, I think of the miserable life of the poor in the world, which leads to a strong desire to sacrifice myself for the happiness of the poor in the world. This is an extremely great and precious thought and feeling that the poet experienced from personal pain after a long sleepless night. It is precisely because of such thoughts and feelings that this poem is not only a lament for personal suffering and fate, but also has profound social significance of the times; Only in the artistic shaping of realism can we shine the brilliance of ideals, be full of passion to save the world and help others, and show the positive romantic spirit.

On the Autumn Rain in The Farewell of Furong Inn and Xin Jian by Wang Changling, a poet in the Tang Dynasty;

Cold rain at night, Wu,

Pingming Chugu Mountain in Fujian.

If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other,

A piece of ice is in the jade pot.

This is a farewell poem. Furong Building was originally named Northwest Building, and the site is in the northwest of Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Boarding can overlook the Yangtze River and overlook the north of the Yangtze River. This poem was written around the twenty-ninth year of Kaiyuan. Wang Changling was demoted to Cheng of Jiangning (now Nanjing) and became friends with Xin gradually. This time, he plans to cross the river from Runzhou, pass through Yangzhou and go north to Luoyang. Wang Changling may accompany him from Jiangning to Runzhou, and then break up here. The original title of this poem is * * *. The second poem is about the poet's farewell to Xin Xian in Furong Building the night before, and this poem is about seeing him off at the riverside the next morning.

"Cold and rainy nights enter Wu", misty rain hangs over the Jiang Tian of Wu (Jiangning area, the hometown of Sun Wu of the Three Kingdoms), weaving an endless network of worries. Rainy nights add to the bleakness of autumn, and also render the gloomy atmosphere of parting. The chill not only filled the misty rain, but also penetrated the hearts of two parting friends. The characters "Lian" and "Jin" describe the continuous rain. People can clearly perceive the dynamics from the river rain, so it is conceivable that the poet stayed up all night because of his feelings. And this picture of the night rain on the Wujiang River, which connects the water and the sky, just shows an extremely lofty and magnificent realm. He summed up his hearing, vision and imagination as the rain flowing into Wu, and dyed many cigarettes with a large piece of light ink, which set off the broad artistic conception of "sending a lonely mountain in plain water" with great boldness of vision. Early in the morning, it was already dawn, and Xin gradually was about to board the ship and return to the north. Looking at the distant mountains north of the Yangtze River, the poet felt lonely when he thought that his friends would soon disappear outside the Chushan Mountain. On the vast river, of course, it is not only the lonely Chushan that enters the poet's field of vision, but the mighty river is the most likely to arouse the association of watery feelings. However, the poet did not pin his sadness on the river that went with his friends, but concentrated his feelings on the Chu Mountain that stands in the vast Ye Ping. Because friends can get together with relatives and friends when they return to Luoyang, the poets who stay in Wudi can only stand by and watch the river flow away like this lonely Chushan. A word "loneliness" is like a fuse of feelings, which naturally leads to the last two parting words: "Luoyang relatives and friends are like asking each other, and there is a piece of ice in the jade pot." The poet holds a crystal clear and pure ice heart from the crystal clear jade pot to comfort his friends, which can express his deep affection for relatives and friends in Luoyang better than any words of acacia.

The boundless river rain and lonely mountains in this poem not only set off the sadness and loneliness of the poet when he bid farewell, but also showed the poet's cheerful mind and strong character. The image of the lonely mountain and Bingxin standing in the middle of the river in the jade pot, intentionally or unintentionally, forms a kind of care, which naturally reminds people of the poet's lonely, proud and pure image, and makes the exquisite conception and profound intention melt into the empty and clear artistic conception, which is natural and seamless, implicit and meaningful.

However, autumn rain does not always play a sad role, it also has a very bright and clear side. Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Luan Jia Se":

In the rustling autumn rain, shallow pomegranate diarrhea.

The jumping waves gradually changed, and the egret was shocked.

Here, the autumn rain is like a note, streams splash, water waves flow and egrets fly, just like a freehand landscape painting and a beautiful pastoral poem!

This poem records an interesting scene: in the rustling autumn rain, it is precisely because of this autumn rain that the stream flows faster, so that it can splash water droplets, disturb the frightened egrets and fly back and forth. The poet deliberately described a false alarm, in order to be surprised by peace and peaceful artistic techniques, showing a scene of peace and tranquility, so that all creatures lived a carefree and peaceful life. This is the ideal realm pursued by the poet.

Su Xiudao, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once wrote autumn rain: "It rained heavily for three days on the night of July 25, and autumn seedlings followed Su Huan, bringing people the joy of harvest." ：

The sun turned into rain overnight,

Dream back to cool and moisten clothes.

Don't worry about the house leaking and the bed getting wet.

I like the depth of the stream.

Thousands of miles of rice and flowers should be beautiful.

The best sound of wugengtong leaves.

No field, like I still dance,

What's more, I look forward to my age in the field.

This is a poem that loves rain, full of light melody and hearty feelings. During the summer and autumn of this year, there was no rain for a long time, and the autumn grain was burnt. It was not until the night of July 25th that it rained heavily for three days that the crops were saved. After a long drought, the poet was ecstatic and even his clothes and bed were wet. He wrote down these seven laws, expressing the poet's love for rain and concern for people's livelihood.

The first couplet reads "Happy Rain", and it begins to rain at night. "Today is sunny" is in sharp contrast to "cool after a dream". The poet fell asleep and woke up in the sultry weather. The afterglow of the hot sun during the day has been completely swept away, replaced by a cool and comfortable night wind. It turned out to be raining heavily. Although these two sentences are true, they have changed from dissatisfaction with the climate to satisfaction, which subtly reflects the joy in the poet's heart. At the same time, the poet chose the moment of "dream back" to express his feelings and show more unexpected surprises-this rain, the poet has been waiting for a long time.

Zhuan Xu wrote about the feelings of rain, melting the poems of his predecessors for his own use. In the sentence "Don't worry about the bed leaking wet", Du Fu's sentence "The hut was blown by the autumn wind" was used. For the sentence "I like the depth of the stream bank", use the sentence "the depth of the spring bank" in Du Fu's Chunjiang Village. Although the poem was written by predecessors, it concerns the future and is consistent with the first couplet. On the basis of the original sentence, the words "don't worry" and "rejoice" are added to explore new ideas in the old sentence, which meets the requirements of living a good sentence. The poem is about listening to the rain, vividly expressing the mood of looking forward to the rain and vaguely expressing his joy in the rain, not only because the heavy rain drove away the heat and brought coolness, which led to the emotion of the third couplet, but also reserved a place for the tail couplet.

The necklace also says "Happy Rain". The last sentence is empty talk, indicating that I like rain because timely rain makes crops drink enough water, and autumn harvest is expected; The next sentence is to listen to the rain beating on the leaves of tung trees, pinning their own happy mood. The two words "should" and "most" in this pair of couplets are very energetic and deepen the meaning of the sentence. Qian Zhongshu's Notes on Selected Poems of the Song Dynasty has a unique evaluation of this couplet: "In ancient poetry, listening to the rain hitting the phoenix tree in autumn night is a realm that makes people insomnia and bored as usual. For example, in Liu Yuan's" Nagato Complaint "in the Tang Dynasty, he wrote:' The raindrop phoenix tree has a long autumn night, and the rain breaks the morning sun. Tears are not as good as yours. Another example is the article "More Leaks", which says:' It rains in the middle of the night under the buttonwood tree, and it is more bitter to leave love. A leaf, a sound, empty footsteps fall into the light. "... once upon a time, there was an old-fashioned transformation here. When I heard the drizzle and cold rain on the phoenix tree, I imagined that the crops were thriving. If he can't sleep, it is' happy but can't sleep'. "This passage is very helpful for us to understand this poem.

The couplets are purely lyrical, and by going up one flight of stairs, the original feeling, is said that people who have no land like me are so happy when they encounter such good rain, not to mention farmers who are looking forward to a bumper harvest and are eager for rain. Poetry takes "Jude" and "what's more" as the link between the past and the future, which is achieved by self-repression. It is precisely because the poet has no land that his exultation has a deeper meaning, and his intention to enjoy the people has been fully expressed. Therefore, A Qing Ji Yun commented: "Energetic, a knot is particularly full."

Look at the cold autumn rain brought by Bai Juyi, a great poet in Tang Dynasty;

Three cold autumn nights, a comfortable old man.

? After lights out, sleep in the beautiful rain.

? Grey thermos flask, fragrant warm quilt.

? The sun is shining, it is freezing, and the frost leaves are full of red.

The poet grasped the personality characteristics of the characters in a specific environment, made a detailed description, and successfully portrayed an image of a carefree old man.

"On a cold night in Sanqiu, an old man is at ease." The poet describes the late autumn night with the feeling of "cold" given by the climate environment, which sets the tone for the whole poem in late autumn. No wind and rain, still so cold, coupled with the invasion of autumn wind and autumn rain, naturally it is even more chilly. The application of this contrast technique can fully mobilize the imagination of readers and enhance the appeal of poetry. The second period represents a character. The word "leisure" outlines the image of an "old man" who likes quiet but hates sports and is indifferent.

"Sleeping late after lights out, sleeping late in the beautiful rain" and "lying late" describe the characteristics of the elderly. The old man is sleepy, so he would rather sit with his eyes closed in the morning than sleep, lest he can't sleep at night. If the old man didn't "lie up late", he might not be able to "have a good sleep" in the rain. It's interesting to explain the time of "lying up late" with the phrase "after lights out". The autumn rain outside the window and the "old man" in the house safely "slept beautifully" just show that he is carefree and has a leisurely feeling.

The above two couplets depict the character of the old man from the night when he went to bed in the autumn rain. The second half of the poem further depicts the situation after the old man wakes up. ?

"Gray thermos flask is fragrant and warm in the quilt cage", and the fuel in the drying bottle has been turned into ashes at night, taking care of the "sleeping beauty" of the elderly. It's only night in Sanqiu, and we have to warm ourselves, highlighting the old people's fear of the cold. The night has passed, and it is reasonable to say that the old man should get up, but he still wants to "add fragrance and warm the quilt" and intends to continue to lie down, vividly depicting the image of a weak and idle old man.

"Sunny and cold, frosty leaves are full of red", echoing the first sentence, write the influence of climate on flowers and trees and the elderly. After the storm, the climate in late autumn is even colder. The word "cold" explains the reason why the old man didn't get up, and the wind and rain at night deepened the meaning of "cold". Not long ago, leaves as red as February flowers were ruthlessly swept away by autumn wind and autumn rain overnight. What a cruel nature! From trees to people, from nature to society, how can we not feel! The "old man" is "cold before dawn", which is careless and highlights the quiet and indifferent state of mind of the old man. The whole poem firmly grasps the characteristics of the old man sleeping on the night of autumn rain, which is vivid, cordial and touching and full of life breath.

This poem was written when Bai Juyi was appointed as Henan Yin in the autumn of the sixth year of Daiwa (AD 832). At this time, the poet was over 60 years old, frail and sick, and his official duties were at leisure. In addition, Yuan Zhen, the poet's best friend, has already passed away, and his mood is particularly lonely. This poem somewhat reflects the poet's indifference to politics and loneliness to life in his later years.

The autumn rain in the Southern Song Dynasty poet Lu You's Autumn Rain Cool Xing Yuan is like running a horse;

At the beginning of my dream, I returned to the autumn night.

Before going to bed, I was worried about Eden.

Suddenly I heard the rain sweeping through the window of the awning.

As an iron horse at that time.

The dream just woke up, the autumn night will be over, and only the residual lamp is left in front of the bed. Suddenly I heard the autumn rain passing through the awning window, and the poet thought it was the pounding of hooves that year. It shows that although the poet dismissed from office at home, he never forgot his desire to recover the lost land of the motherland, serve the country and complete the reunification of mountains and rivers, and also hinted at the poet's resentment.

Look at Autumn Rain on the Shuige of Kaiyuan Temple in Xuanzhou by Du Mu, a poet in Tang Dynasty;

The cultural relics of the Six Dynasties are even empty.

The sky is light and the clouds are idle

Birds leave, birds come to the mountains,

People sing and cry.

In late autumn, it rains a thousand times,

The sunset is playing the flute on the balcony.

Disappointed, I see you every day, Fan Li,

Staggered smoke trees and five lakes in the east.

This seven-melody was written by Tang Wenzong when he was an adult. At that time, Du Mu was appointed as the referee of Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng, Anhui) Youth League training. There is a Wanxi River in the east of Xuancheng, and a beautiful Jingting Mountain in the north and east of Xuancheng with beautiful scenery. Xie Tiao, a poet of the Southern Dynasties, is the satrap here. Kaiyuan Temple (real name Yongle Temple) in the city, built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is one of the scenic spots. During his stay in Xuancheng, Du Mu often went to Kaiyuan Temple to enjoy the scenery and compose poems. This poem describes the ancient and modern generosity of the poet when he overlooks Wanxi and respects the pavilion on the water pavilion in the temple.

The poem begins with a tour of the scenery, which evokes ancient and modern associations and creates an atmosphere that covers the whole article: the prosperity of the Six Dynasties is a thing of the past, and even the grass is empty when you look around. The scene of that day is light clouds and light winds, but nothing has changed since ancient times. Although this feeling is caused by boarding, there are deeper internal factors related to the poet's experience. This is the second time that the poet came to Xuanzhou. Eight years ago, he was appointed as the secretariat of Xuanzhou, and served under Shenmen. These two changes, as he himself said: "thirty years away, sharp brain, light bones." "revisiting the old place has changed everything, only seeing the level of the east and spring." ("From Xuanzhou to Beijing, Judge Pei Tanzhong was on his way back to Xuanzhou because of the problem") This naturally deepened his perception of the changes of the world.

This kind of artistic conception permeates the scenery description in three or four sentences: Jingting Mountain is like a huge jade screen, spreading near Xuanzhou, and birds come and go in the shade. On both sides of the Wanxi River, people living by the river sang and cried, mixed with the sound of water, and passed away with the years. These two sentences seem to be talking about the present scene and the present, but at the same time they are communicating with the ancients. Birds haunt the mountains, as always, and singing and crying is not a temporary scene. "Singing and crying" means celebrating and mourning, representing the process from birth to death. "People sing in the underwater sound, people cry in the underwater sound", so people on both sides of the Wanxi River have lived by water for generations. These are not what the poet saw at the moment, but the impressions accumulated at ordinary times, which were triggered by his visit.

The next two sentences show scenes that are not continuous in time, but often unforgettable: first, the dense rain in late autumn seems to hang a rain curtain for thousands of families; First, at sunset, the balcony under the setting sun makes melodious flute sounds in the evening breeze. Two scenes, a cloudy day and a sunny day; A hazy, a bright. This is difficult to appear at the same time in reality. However, when the poet faced Mr. Shui's heaven and earth in Kaiyuan Temple, this impression, though not at the same time, belonged to the same place, which together formed a comprehensive and lasting impression on Xuancheng and Wanxi. The world, in the long river of time, has maintained this face for a long time? In this way, the cultural relics are gone, and the feeling of the scenery is still stronger and stronger. The objective world is long, but the life of singing and crying from generation to generation is limited. This made the poet think deeply, so the poet's nostalgia for Fan Li floated in his heart, and he missed seeing each other, only to see a jagged smoke tree in the direction of the five lakes. The five lakes refer to Taihu Lake and its four small lakes, so they can also be regarded as another name for Taihu Lake. From the azimuth, they are in the east of Xuancheng. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Fan Li helped Gou Jian, the king of Yue, defeat Fu Cha, the king of Wu. After his success, in order to avoid the suspicion of the King of Yue, he retired to the Five Lakes by boat. He wandered in the natural landscape and was admired by later generations. The poem describes the scenery of Xuancheng beautifully, which is worth recalling, lamenting that the cultural relics of the Six Dynasties have become a thing of the past, and there is a feeling that life cannot last forever. In this way, Fan Li, who traveled all over the world and enjoyed the beautiful scenery of the mountains and rivers, naturally became the object of the poet's nostalgia.

The poet's mood is not high, but the objective scenery is beautifully written, and some beautiful scenes such as "birds going up the mountain" and "a flute wind on the balcony at sunset" are implanted. The rhythm and intonation of the poem are light and smooth, giving people a refreshing feeling. Bright, healthy and refreshing factors interact with deep melancholy, which embodies the rough characteristics of Du Mu's poems in this poem.

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