Causes and countermeasures of global warming

The main causes of global warming are atmospheric destruction, serious pollution and greenhouse effect.

The possible impact of global warming

Global warming will bring complex potential impacts on the earth and human beings, both positive and negative.

Yes For example, with the increase of temperature, sub-polar regions may be more suitable for human habitation; Under the right conditions,

Higher carbon dioxide concentration can promote photosynthesis and make plants have higher carbon fixation rate, thus producing

The increase of plant growth, that is, the effect of increasing production of carbon dioxide, is a positive impact of global warming. But positive

Compared with the surface impact, the negative impact of global warming on human activities will be greater and far-reaching. In August this year, CCTV reported that the summit of Mount Qomolangma dropped by 1.3 meters due to climate warming.

Glacier shrinkage in Qilian Mountains endangers Hexi Corridor: In recent years, the melting of glaciers in Qilian Mountains has decreased by about 654.38 billion cubic meters compared with that in 1970s, and the snow line of glaciers in some areas is rising at an average annual rate of 2-2.6 meters. According to experts' analysis, in addition to natural climate factors, glacier retreat and snow line rise are mainly caused by population expansion, overload and overgrazing, over-reclamation, deforestation and indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater. China Environment News 2004-9- 16

1, the influence of sea level rise

In the past century, the sea level has risen by 14.4cm, and that of China by11.5cm.. The main reason for sea level rise is the thermal expansion of seawater. When the ocean warms, the sea level rises. Global warming will lead to the melting of icebergs in the north and south poles of the earth, which is also one of the main reasons for the rise of sea level. The direct impact of sea level rise has the following aspects:

The lowlands were flooded:

Britain heightens dams to cope with climate warming

Global warming makes the sea level rise and the frequency of storms increase, which makes it impossible for the British to raise flood control dams politically. Statistics released by British officials recently show that in the past 20 years, due to global warming, the Thames water level has risen, and local government agencies have to raise flood control dams 88 times to ensure the safety of Londoners' lives and property. It is reported that people now raise dams four times a year on average. It is estimated that before 2030, the frequency of heightening dams will reach 30 times a year. China Environment News 2004- 10- 19

(2) Coastal erosion

(3) The salt content of surface water and groundwater increases, which affects urban water supply.

(4) The groundwater level rises.

(5) Tourism is endangered (the sea level rises by 50m, the coastal tourist areas of Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Beihai and Sanya are 365 and 438+0-366 behind, the beaches are lost by 24%, and the beaches of Beidaihe are lost by 60%. China Land and Resources Bulletin reported in 2002 that coastal tourism has become the largest industry, with an output value of 250.3 billion yuan, accounting for 34.6% of the total output value of marine industry.

(6) Affect the life of coastal and island residents (accounting for13 of the world population) and make them threatened. If the polar ice sheet melts, economically developed and densely populated coastal areas will be swallowed up by seawater, and low-lying island countries such as Maldives and Seychelles will disappear from the ground, and coastal cities such as Shanghai, Venice, Hong Kong, Rio de Janeiro, Tokyo, Bangkok and new york, as well as Bangladesh, the Netherlands and Egypt will also be doomed.

2, the impact on animals and plants

Climate is the main factor that determines the distribution of biological communities. Climate change can change the adaptability of different species in a region and the competitiveness of different populations in the ecosystem. Animals and plants in nature, especially plant communities, may adapt to the speed of global warming, thus encountering bad luck. Past climate change (such as the ice age) has made many species disappear, and the future climate will make some species disappear in some areas.

Loss, although some species benefit from climate warming, their habitats may increase, competitors and

Natural enemies may also decrease. Take oranges as an example. In the 1970s, its northernmost boundary line was the Yellow River.

On the front line of this mountain, Xuancheng tried to plant it, but it was frozen to death by a heavy snow in winter. But now I'm

The orange trees in our campus are all growing well. For example, Chinese alligators only live in Xuancheng, Jingxian and Nanling.

On a small scale, if the northern boundary moves northward, the Chinese alligator may become extinct naturally. This is from some parts of our province.

Go ahead. Nationally, China regards the winter 1℃ isotherm as the northern boundary of subtropical zone, which is currently.

In the Qinling-Huaihe region of China. It is found that the rising temperature will move this boundary northward to the north of the Yellow River.

The winter temperatures in Guangzhou and Zhengzhou will be similar to those in Hangzhou and Wuhan now.

3. Impact on agriculture

The distribution of temperature and precipitation in a year is the main factor to decide what crops to plant. The change of temperature and precipitation caused by temperature will affect the yield of food crops and the distribution type of crops. Climate change leads to great changes in biota and its spatial (latitude) distribution. For example, in 800- 1200, the average temperature in the North Atlantic was 1℃ higher than it is now, which made it possible to grow corn in Norway. But by 1500- 1800, there was a little ice age in western Europe, and the average temperature was only 1-2℃ lower than it is now, which caused. In addition, global warming will aggravate natural disasters such as high temperature, heat wave, tropical storm and tornado. Therefore, after the global temperature rises, the stability and distribution of world grain production will change greatly.

4. Impact on human health

Human health depends on a good ecological environment, and global warming will become one of the problems of human health in the next century.

Main factors. Extreme high temperature will become a human health problem in the next century, becoming more frequent and common, mainly

Reflected in the increase of morbidity and mortality, especially malaria, lymphatic filariasis, schistosomiasis, hookworm disease,

Infectious diseases such as cholera, meningitis, kala-azar and dengue fever will endanger tropical regions and countries, some of which are mainly

Diseases that occur in tropical areas may spread to mid-latitudes with climate warming. A large number of scientists have been studying bold earth cooling technology. Roger Angel, a famous American astronomer, suggested that a huge parasol composed of small mirrors could be installed in Earth orbit to reflect sunlight back into space. John martin, a marine biologist, believes that "supplementing iron" to the ocean will have an unexpected and amazing cooling effect. Iron can stimulate the growth of plankton, which can absorb a lot of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. When they die, they will drag carbon dioxide into the bottom of the sea and "die each other". Corey Kansky, an American planetary scientist, even suggested that using gravitational acceleration, that is, letting asteroids or suitable comets pass through the Earth, can help the Earth adjust its orbit, and adjust the distance between the Sun and the Earth from the current 9.3 million miles to a cooler orbit with a distance of1.400 million miles. Sounds crazy? Maybe, but someone has to save the world.

Serious environmentalists immediately rejected the crazy ideas of scientists. We only have one earth. What if the experiment fails and brings more negative consequences? Therefore, they would rather wait for the slow-moving government to legislate slowly to reduce the use of fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, any strategy can be used. After the Kyoto Protocol, developed industrial countries began to buy carbon dioxide emission rights from developing countries. Some Japanese companies simply buy and sell carbon dioxide emission rights as blue chips. JCF Finance Company, funded by eight companies including Tokyo Electric Power Company and Mitsubishi Corporation, exchanged environmental protection technology for the carbon dioxide emission rights of Thailand and Malaysia, and then sold it to European enterprises. Fierce emissions trading actually weakens the significance of emission reduction in the Kyoto Protocol. Maybe we should give scientists more confidence, not political measures. Their methods may sound arrogant, but a serious illness requires strong medicine, and the earth with a high fever may need the most drastic transformation. In the past century, great changes have taken place in the global climate and environment, which are mainly manifested in the shortage of water resources, the degradation of ecosystems, the intensification of soil erosion, the sharp decline of biodiversity, the depletion of the ozone layer, and the changes in atmospheric composition. It poses a serious threat to human survival and social and economic development, and has attracted extensive attention from governments and the public all over the world. Global climate change is characterized by global warming, and the climate environment in China has also undergone significant changes. According to the climate model, the global temperature may increase in the future 100/0/.4 ~ 5.8℃, the global average precipitation will change obviously, and the snow and sea ice in the northern hemisphere will be further reduced. Frequency of some extreme weather and climate events (such as high temperature, heavy precipitation, tropical cyclone, etc.). ) will increase; Drought will intensify in many areas and sea level will rise rapidly. By 2 100, the global average sea level may rise by 0.09 ~ 0.88 m compared with 1990. In 2 1 century, the climate in China may continue to get warmer obviously, especially in winter and the north. The range of warming in China in the last hundred years is 0.5 ~ 0.8℃. In recent 50 years, the annual average temperature in China has increased mainly in the north, and the temperature in the northeast, Inner Mongolia and western basins has increased by more than 2℃. After the climate warming, the frequency of extreme weather and climate events in China tends to be more and stronger, and the high temperature and heat waves in summer increase. Climate change will have some impacts on China's agriculture, such as accelerating crop growth and shortening growth period, which may reduce material accumulation and grain output, thus having a major impact on agriculture, which is the most sensitive department to climate change. The planting system will change, and the layout of main crop varieties will also change. After the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, the international community is under increasing pressure to require developing countries to participate in greenhouse gas emission reduction. As a large developing country, China's total carbon dioxide emissions now rank second in the world, and China is faced with the dual tasks of severe emission reduction and rapid economic development. According to the actual situation of our country, it is an important task for our country to correctly understand the depth and breadth of the impact of climate change on all aspects, analyze its advantages and disadvantages, and put forward corresponding adaptation and mitigation countermeasures. To this end, we suggest: first, take measures to adapt to climate change, in addition to adjusting the production structure and lifestyle according to the spatial pattern and evolution trend of climate and environmental factors such as temperature, water resources, biology, etc., we should also seriously take adaptive countermeasures in water resources, coastal zones, agriculture, forests, grasslands and human health, with special emphasis on the existing understanding. Choose "regretless countermeasures and measures" that are conducive to coping with climate and environmental changes and their effects, promoting economic development and social progress, forming an industrial structure and consumption pattern that is conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection, and realizing the unity of economic, social and ecological benefits. The influence of global warming should be taken into account when making development plans. For example, according to the climate data of the past 50 years, it is planned to spend 83.06 billion yuan to build 65.438+0.63 million warping dams by 2020, and build a relatively complete river dam system in the main tributaries of the Yellow River. But in fact, due to climate warming, the melting of glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will intensify, and the summer rainfall in the Northwest Plateau will increase significantly, which will not only reduce the role of warping dams, but also cause regional chain collapses and collapses, thus causing major disasters. Therefore, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan must take adaptive measures according to climate change, and seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. Second, take measures to slow down climate change. Under the premise of fully considering the country's long-term social and economic development needs, actively take various mitigation measures, adhere to the core technologies for mitigating climate change as priority areas, increase investment in research and development, and accelerate the pace of industrialization of advanced technologies; Implement the energy policy of giving priority to energy conservation, and implement energy conservation management in the whole process of energy production, transportation, processing, transformation and final utilization; Actively develop renewable energy technology, advanced nuclear energy technology, high-efficiency clean and low-emission coal utilization technology and hydrogen energy technology, focusing on breaking through renewable energy power generation technology, solar building integration technology and biomass liquefied gas technology, and actively developing solar photovoltaic power generation technology; Change the mode of economic growth, adhere to the new road of industrialization with high technology content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution and full play to the advantages of human resources; Improve land use and strengthen the protection and management of forest resources. Vigorously promote afforestation in combination with the national key ecological construction comprehensive management project; The strategy of mitigating climate change is coordinated with the national sustainable development strategy. At present, it is the driving force and breakthrough to solve the increasingly serious and urgent problem of environmental pollution and shortage of energy resources in China, promote the implementation of climate change mitigation strategy, and take carbon emission mitigation as an important goal of the national energy strategy. Third, strengthen scientific research and operational work in the field of climate change. Due to the diversity of future man-made emission schemes, the uncertainty of climate model, the unpredictability of natural climate change and the complexity of interaction and feedback of various layers and influencing factors in the climate system, the prediction of future climate change contains considerable uncertainty. Strengthening scientific research, constantly improving and improving human understanding of the climate system and its changes, and solving and reducing uncertainties are important tasks for the medical community at present and for a long time to come. It is necessary to deeply understand the interaction and feedback process of each layer in the global climate system, understand the cycle process and mechanism of greenhouse gases and aerosols, and master the methods of climate change detection and prediction. We should deploy and implement a series of major scientific research plans such as China's climate system observation, atmospheric composition observation and climate model system as soon as possible, so as to deepen our understanding of the impact of global climate change, enable us to obtain new observation facts about the impact of global change and human activities on China's climate change strong signal area, and improve the accuracy of future climate change prediction.