Regional value of Halong Bay

The beauty of Halong Bay consists of three elements: stone, water and sky. Xialongshi Island has various postures. The stone island has the same shape and color as the sky, and it combines with the sea to create ink and wash Chinese painting. The incense burner stone on the bay represents spiritual significance, the cockfighting stone has philosophical depth, and the toad stone litigates against heaven. A writer wrote: "Those rough and calm stone islands still seem to exist. They miss the ever-changing life and become roofs, mothers with children, old people and faces." There are many beautiful and charming caves in the huge stone island, among which Dau Go cave has a brilliant appearance, and the stalactites in the cave are particularly rich and diverse. Tiangong Cave is like a beautiful and splendid palace. The entrance of Punong Cave is curved and round, and stalactites hang down like willow branches, which is amazing. Some of its stalactites are like pheasants, dragons, toads, waterfalls and many images. When you come here, you seem to be in a mythical world. Other caves, such as Sangong Cave, Maiden Cave and Dragon, have their own merits and are beautiful.

Xia Longhai will always be green water. As time goes by, it will never stop flowing. Halong Bay is beautiful all year round. In spring, it is green, and the buds are covered with Rocky Mountain. In summer, the weather is cool and white, and the sun shines on the sea. In autumn night, the moonlight shines like gold on the floating mountain shadows. Fog and smoke float on the rocky mountain in winter waves: "Halong Bay is as beautiful as a blue flower floating on the mother's waves". Halong Bay is one of the cradles of Vietnamese life in ancient times. Saixun Culture Department: (18000-7000 years ago) distributed in Halong Bay and Bai Zi Bay. Its representative sites are: Labyrinth, Xianweng, Tianlong and other caves. The relics left behind are mainly mountain snails, stream snails, other freshwater mollusks and simple labor tools. The main livelihood of the boss of Saixun Ministry of Culture is to fish snails and pick wild fruits, dig trees to take root, and learn to fish without salvage business. The sediments of this system are mainly composed of shell fossils of CYCLOPHORUR, MELANIA and other freshwater mollusks. If peace is achieved, compared with the contemporaries in Beishan, Nasai residents may be closer to the sea, have earlier and more contacts, and be directly influenced by her.

Beggars Drifting in Halong Bay Ministry of Culture: (7000-5000 years ago) is the intermediate stage between Sai Xun and Xia Long culture. Gaipiao site belongs to Jipo Island. There are some sites belonging to this cultural sector in Xia Long, such as Rujiakou and Hejian. Beggars and vagrants are the first evidence that the ancestors of the ancient Vietnamese met the ocean for a long time. The culture here once developed brilliantly for a period of time. It brings together the cultural elements and colors of various regions into a long-standing traditional cultural system of Vietnam-Southeast Asia, namely -CUOI cultural tradition. Beggars and vagrants not only hunt and pick fruits, but also explore the ocean.

Xia Long's cultural system: (4500-3500 years ago) can be divided into early and late stages.

Early stage: it is the direct result of the mid-term transgression of HOL0DCEN, about 6000-5000 years ago. This time, the sea invasion made the living environment of the residents of the beggar's drifting culture department disappear. As a result, a large part of the residents belonging to the beggars' mobile culture department migrated to the northeast along the Shidao system of Halong Bay and Baizilong Bay, and finally settled in the coastal area of Haining (namely Mangjie City), forming the Torigen type of Xia Long's early culture department. The current residence address of the owner of this cultural department belongs to the ruins of Toygeng, Gobamon, XOMCHUA and THONNAM in Wanning Village, Mangjie, with an altitude of about 6 meters. The lifestyle of local people in THOIGIENG is hunting and picking, and their technology is developed according to the tradition of grinding tools making in Beishan. The manufacturing technology of labor tools and porcelain is increasing with the help of turntable. The last stage: it is the result of the maximum tide 4000-3000 years ago and then the flood subsided. The first feature of Xia Long's cultural system at the end of the period was that some Xialong people migrated to the northern mountainous areas and the middle reaches of the plain. Xia Long people live in rich places, including some caves and foothills by the sea, but they mainly live in sand dunes, terraced fields and flat land by the sea. Ocean exploration is still a traditional way of making a living, but there are also exquisite labor tool making techniques, such as sawing and polishing. It created all kinds of characteristic stone tools with the characteristics of Xia Long cultural system: axes with shoulders, spears ... loose pottery became the characteristics of Xia Long ceramics (according to the history of Xia Long, Xia Long, 2002). Xia Long's cultural department has a special position in ancient Vietnamese civilization. Halong Bay —— the historical relic of Vietnam's founding and protecting the country.

Halong Bay was the first ancient commercial port in Vietnam from12nd century to18th century. It is recorded in Historical Records of Da Yue that in the spring and February of the tenth year of Dading (1 149) (the nineteenth year of Shaoxing, Song Dynasty), merchant ships from Tanwa, Lu Le and Siam entered Haidong and applied for staying for business, so they set up a village on the island, named Yuntun, to buy and sell valuable goods and give them away. Social science press 1998. Notes by Wu Deshou. ) Halong Bay recorded three great victories of our army under the leadership of national heroes in Baitengjiang, Liumen and Yuntun Bay, especially in the anti-French and anti-American struggle of Vietnamese people: Wu Quan (938), Li Huan (98 1 year), Chen Xing Dao and Chen Qingyu (1288). Historically, Vietnam and its powerful neighbors have fought many naval battles here. In three wars, the Vietnamese army used the labyrinth of waterways between these islands to prevent the enemy from landing. 1288, General Chen Xing stopped the Mongolian fleet. During the Vietnam War, the navigation channels between many islands were heavily mined by the US Navy, and some places still threaten navigation today.

Halong Bay has a strategic position in the peaceful development of Vietnam's economy, society and national defense. Today, the fishermen's village on Halong Bay still retains its unique and rich cultural essence, which is rich in local cultural value of Halong Bay. Fishermen's folk culture is rich and varied. The ballads, proverbs and idioms here reflect the feelings of fishermen and convey their production experience, which are soft, cordial, tortuous and profound. Wedding songs, duets between men and women and Shanghai Hudiao are all intangible cultures with local characteristics. Fishermen are also rich in beliefs and customs, which are typical of daily economic life. The cultural value of Xia Long fishing village is still a "waiting gate", which is a good place to study scientists, national cultural traditions and enthusiasts. All kinds of living things are important resources, which need to be preserved and maintained to maintain the ecological balance of the whole region. All kinds of creatures include all kinds of cultures, which is the expression of human beings and an important factor in all ecosystems in the world. A variety of organisms in Halong Bay can be attributed to the following two ecosystems: tropical humid evergreen forest and marine coastal ecosystem. Tropical humid evergreen forest ecosystem

There are about 1000 species of plants in Shidao, Halong Bay. Some different flora found today, such as coastal mudflats, submerged mangroves, beaches at the foot of mountains, stone walls on slopes, peaks, canyons and caves. Experts from the World Conservation Society (IUCN) have found seven endemic plants in Halong Bay, which are only suitable for the living conditions of limestone island in Halong Bay and have not been found in other parts of the world. They are cycad, purple chicory moss, mallow, velvet chicory moss, montai, acanthopanax bark and yellow orchid for women's shoes in Halong Bay. According to statistics, there are 477 species of magnolia, 20 species of pteridophyte 12 and 20 species of beach plants in Halong Bay and Baizilong Bay. There are 4 amphibians, 4 reptiles 10, 40 birds and 4 mammals10.

Marine and coastal ecosystems: including coastal wetlands and marine ecosystems.

Coastal Wetland Ecosystem: Wetlands in Xia Long and its adjacent areas can be divided into the following five ecosystems:

Ecology of coastal mudflats and submerged areas: There are 20 species of mudflats submerged plants in Xia Long and its adjacent areas. The mangrove forest in mudan of Xia Long is also the place where many other creatures grow, so it has high ecological benefits. There are 0/69 species of hairy earthworm, 9/kloc-0 species of seaweed, 200 species of birds, 0/0 species of reptiles and 6 species of other animals.

Hard seabed and coral reef ecology: Coral ecosystem is one of the special ecosystems in Halong Bay, which has high ecological benefits and can purify the water environment. Coral reefs are mainly concentrated in HANGTRAI, CONGDO and VANGIO. Coral reefs here are often prismatic, and their structures are like typical shapes such as reef edge, reef plane, reef crown, reef oblique fault and reef base.

According to statistics, there are 232 species of corals in Halong Bay. This is a coelenterate, mainly composed of coral layer and hydra layer. Reef-building in Halong Bay is basically a part of hard-skinned coral species (not all involved in reef-building). There are also 8/kloc-0 species of arthropods, 130 species of coelenterates, 55 species of hairy earthworms, 57 species of crabs and other animals living in Halong Bay coral reef.

Karst caves and lake swamp ecosystems in the bay: The karst caves and lake swamp ecosystems in Halong Bay are very special and difficult to find in other areas. Zehu Lake in Halong Bay is completely composed of bays surrounded by rocks and mountains on four or three sides, and it is calm. These natural conditions have formed many special ecosystems and increased the value of Halong Bay. Generally, there are 65 species of corals, 40 species of benthos and 65,438+08 species of seaweeds in Donggong Lake, especially 4 species of rare creatures recorded in the Red Book.

Some caves in Halong Bay have invested in building lighting, walkways and other systems. In order to preserve and increase the sightseeing service of Halong Bay, some caves are still in a natural state and are not allowed to be visited by guests.

Soft benthic ecosystem: This is a community ecosystem of algae. There are not many kinds of algae (5 species) in Halong Bay, but it is a place where many creatures live. It has the functions of blocking waves, absorbing organic matter and purifying seawater. Up to now, according to statistics, there are 140 species of seaweed, 3 species of earthworm, 29 species of mollusk, 9 species of crustacean and other animals living in seaweed.

Coastal beach ecosystem without mangroves: often distributed in low tide zone. The typical organisms growing in this sea area are bivalve mollusks and marine earthworms with high nutritional value, such as sea cucumbers, snails and sand worms. Most marine resources are being overexploited.

Marine ecosystem: including phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos and autotrophs. Phytoplankton: Small plants floating in water, which can feed themselves through photosynthesis, participate in the synthesis of organic substances and limit the pollution of seawater. According to the investigation results, there are altogether 85 species of phytoplankton/kloc-0 in Halong Bay.

Zooplankton: A small animal that lives in water and acts as a second chain after phytoplankton. The distribution of zooplankton depends on water layer and time. There are totally 40 species of zooplankton/kloc-0 in Xia Long and Jipo Island.

Benthic animals: They live on the seabed and have high nutritional value. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 500 species of benthos in Halong Bay, including 300 species of molluscs, 200 species of hairy earthworms and 0/3 species of echinoderms.

Self-swimming animals: these animals can swim independently in the water and migrate for food, reproduction and shelter from the cold. Up to now, it can be confirmed that there are 326 species of autotrophs in Halong Bay.

Multi-species: In 2002, professional management and research institutions conducted surveys to evaluate and count various species. They visited the following seven sites in the first protected area of this heritage: Niutou (Daobei), Huntelay (Huntelay), Bussam (Bussam), Maodian (Maiden) and Konkoch; HONVEU in KYDA Mutou Island, SOIVAN and CONGDO Island in Wanyi Island. According to the preliminary results of scientific experts, Halong Bay not only preserved many existing ecosystems and various organisms, but also discovered some new biological species. According to statistics, there are 30 species of cave creatures and 37 species of aquatic creatures 1847 in Halong Bay. Halong Bay is the most typical concentration point of ecosystems in tropical waters, such as corals, algae, mudflats, mangroves and lakes on the bay. There are 0/89 species of fish/kloc-in Halong Bay, 500 species of benthos, 355 species of plankton and 34 species of coastal beach plants (according to the report of the National Symposium on Ecology of Halong Bay Natural Heritage held in February 2003). Multiple gene sources: According to the cooperative investigation report of Vietnamese and Italian experts in Halong Bay in April 2003, some rare biological species were found in the following key areas: Niutou (DAUBE), HANGTRAI (Hangdo), CONGDO, For example, conch and squid such as Trochusniloticus, Tectuspyramis, Epitoniumsalarare, Atrinavexillum, Lutraliarynchaena, Photoligochinensis and Sepiapharaonis were found for the first time, and 19 kinds of sponges were found. These species not only have many biological values, but also are important marine medicinal materials. Due to the special conditions for the smooth development of organisms, Halong Bay not only has diverse ecosystems, but also has rich and colorful genetic resources of biological species.