What is the information about environmental pollution in China?

According to a survey, the public in China believe that the most serious problem facing China is the environment, accounting for 49% of the respondents, followed by population, education, employment, public security, social security and other issues; 57% of the respondents believe that the environmental situation in China is at a poor level in the world; 56% people think that the most serious environmental problems in their place of residence are air pollution and water pollution.

In fact, China's environmental problems have already attracted people's attention, but people don't know much about some specific situations. We look at the following materials, mainly in eight aspects (in fact, many materials have more than eight aspects).

1, air pollution

In 2000, China's sulfur dioxide emissions were19.95 million tons, ranking first in the world. According to experts' calculations, in order to meet the environmental capacity requirements of the national weather, sulfur dioxide emissions should be reduced by at least 40% on the existing basis. In addition, in 2000, the national soot emission was11650,000 tons, and the industrial dust emission was10.92 million tons. Air pollution is the biggest environmental problem in China.

2. Water pollution

China is a country short of fresh water resources. At present, its per capita possession is only 2 154 cubic meters, which is14 per capita in the world and close to the internationally recognized serious water shortage line below 2000 cubic meters per capita. Controlling water pollution is more urgent than other countries.

The water pollution in China is also shocking. More than half of the more than 700 major rivers in China are moderately polluted and seriously polluted; Of the more than 20,000 lakes and 654.38+10,000 reservoirs in China, 25% have been eutrophic, and another 25% are developing towards eutrophication. This aggravates the contradiction of the shortage of fresh water resources, and restricts the sustainable development of China's economy and society and the improvement of people's quality of life in the 2/kloc-0 century. The water quality of 36% urban rivers in China is worse than Grade 5, which has lost its use function. The water quality of large freshwater lakes (reservoirs) and urban lakes is generally poor, and the eutrophication of more than 75% lakes is intensified, mainly caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.

3. Garbage pollution

The annual output of industrial solid waste in China reaches 820 million tons, and the comprehensive utilization rate is about 46%. The annual output of municipal solid waste in China is 65.438+0.4 billion tons, which is less than 654.38+00% of the requirement of harmless treatment. White pollution caused by plastic packaging and agricultural film has spread all over the country.

4. Land desertification and sand disaster

At present, the desertification land in China accounts for 27.3% of the total land area, and the desertification area is increasing at the rate of 2,460 square kilometers per year. The severe sandstorm weather in China increased from 5 times in 1950s to 23 times in 1990s. Land desertification led to the forced migration of residents in some areas of Inner Mongolia.

5. Land loss

China loses more than 5 billion tons of soil every year, which is equivalent to the cultivated land loss 1 cm thick topsoil in China. The annual loss of soil nutrients is 40 million tons of standard chemical fertilizer (equivalent to the annual consumption of chemical fertilizer in China). Since 1949, the total cultivated land destroyed by soil erosion in China has reached 40 million mu, which is a huge loss of agriculture in China.

1997 "bulletin on China's environmental situation" points out that 40% of the cultivated land in arid and semi-arid areas in China has been degraded to varying degrees, and 53130,000 hectares of cultivated land have water source protection and irrigation measures, accounting for only 39% of the total cultivated land area. Cultivated land has also been seriously polluted, and 6.5438+million hectares of cultivated land have been polluted to varying degrees.

The per capita forest area and volume in China are only 15% and 12% of the world average, and the forest coverage rate is only half of the world average, with uneven distribution and unreasonable structure. Due to the lack of forest vegetation, the area of soil erosion has reached 6.5438+0.794 million square kilometers, accounting for 6.5438+0.87% of the country's land area, and the area of desert, Gobi and desertification has reached 6.5438+0.688 million square kilometers, accounting for 6.5438+0.794 million square kilometers of the country's land area, and it is expanding at the rate of 2,460 square kilometers per year, accounting for about 2,460 square kilometers.

6. Drought and floods

Natural disasters in China are often directly related to population density and man-made destruction of nature. Compared with other countries in the world, China is a country with frequent natural disasters and serious consequences. The types of disasters include: drought, flood, landslide, debris flow, typhoon, hail, frost, pests and diseases, and earthquake.

In recent 40 years, China has shown a general warming trend. The average annual temperature in the 1980s was 0.265438 0 degrees Celsius higher than that in the previous 30 years. The rising temperature increases the evaporation of surface water, exacerbates the drought, land desertification, alkalization and grassland degradation in North China and Northwest China, and makes the spring dust weather in North China extremely frequent in recent years.

In 1950s, the average annual farmland affected by drought in China was 65.438+0.2 billion mu, which rose to 380 million mu in 1990s. The Yellow River was cut off for the first time in 1972, and it has been cut off every year since then. In 1985, the number of cut-off days reached 227 days. According to the survey, experts predict that the drought in China will continue in the next 15 years. However, the frequency of floods in the Yangtze River basin has increased significantly. In the past 500 years, there have been 53 major floods in the Yangtze River basin, but in the past 50 years, there has been a major flood every three years, and the major flood of 1998 has caused huge economic losses.

7. Destruction of biodiversity

China is a country whose biodiversity has been seriously damaged. There are 4000-5000 endangered species in higher plants, accounting for 15%-20% of the total species in China, which is higher than the world average 10%- 15%. Among the 640 world endangered species listed in the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, China has 156 species, accounting for14 of the total. The phenomenon of indiscriminate hunting and indiscriminate killing of wild animals and large-scale predation of wild animals in China is still very serious and has been repeatedly banned.

8. WTO and environmental issues

China's entry into WTO will face two new environmental problems. On the one hand, it is the international "green trade barrier". Because China's current environmental protection standards are generally lower than those of developed countries, the products of China's food, electromechanical, textile, leather, ceramics, tobacco, toys, shoes and other industries will be restricted in export trade. On the other hand, the huge demand for China's minerals, stones, medicinal plants, agricultural products and livestock products in the international market may aggravate the destruction of China's ecology, environment and natural resources. At the same time, China may become a place where foreign pollution-intensive enterprises transfer and a large number of foreign industrial wastes are "processed with materials", which will greatly aggravate the environmental problems in China.

These are just the main aspects. In fact, there are many aspects around us. It's just that we still live in that poor "limited".

White pollution, terrible!

The invention of paper led to the rapid development of human invention. However, in real life, a blank sheet of paper has greatly polluted the surrounding environment of human beings.

Waste of paper: In the garbage pools of our class and school, there are a lot of paper in the garbage pools every day. Yellow, white, green ... dazzling. Colorful homework paper is kneaded into a ball.

Paper recycling: In my survey, I found that 95% people mix recyclable and non-recyclable garbage. "Mixed", so this is the main reason for paper pollution! If people sort and recycle garbage, white pollution will greatly reduce the natural environment, and our living environment will be very different.

Disposable paper cups: In modern life, disposable articles are easy to use, but they cannot be ignored.

The problem has arisen. Disposable articles waste resources and pollute the environment. For example, in our daily life, drinking cups are essential. But how to choose a cup to drink water? For convenience, almost every household uses disposable paper cups. Everyone says it's convenient and cheap. But it is precisely because of the emergence of disposable paper cups that the environment around us has been greatly damaged. Citizens use disposable paper cups and throw them everywhere, causing serious white pollution.

Water pollution, health care!

Water is the source of life. Without water, no living things on the earth can survive. "Fish swimming in Qinglingling River" is out of sight, and the water has been seriously polluted. Maybe you will say, isn't there bottled drinking water? But drinking bottled water is not the best way to solve water pollution, and drinking bottled water also needs water resources. And drinking bottled drinking water is not very healthy for people's health.

Qianshanhe: I once went to Qianshanhe to investigate and found that Qianshanhe was seriously polluted by water. The river is turbid, and there is a lot of plastic garbage floating on the water surface, which has an unpleasant smell from time to time. It turns out that there are many "three noes" people living under the Changsheng Bridge. Their behavior left great trauma to Qianshan River. During the day, they eat and drink Lazar and urinate everywhere ... If they continue like this for a long time, even the clear rivers will be destroyed by them. Today, although Qianshan River has been sorted out, its sediment concentration is high, and the river is still turbid due to soil erosion. I am also very sad to see that there are mountains of industrial waste by the Qianshan River.

Therefore, we are punished by nature, and our drinking water always feels salty. This is the salt tide in Zhuhai.

In the investigation, I was deeply inspired: we should start from now and start from ourselves. We organized an environmental protection team to carry out environmental protection in action activities and strive to be environmental protection guards.