The concept of foehn weather and its formation.

As the name implies, "wind-burning" is a kind of fire-like wind and a unique weather phenomenon in mountainous areas. Why is there a burning wind in the mountains? This is caused by the sinking motion of the airflow on the mountain. Meteorologically, when an air mass rises from the ground to the sky, the temperature drops by 6.5℃ per 1000 m on average. On the contrary, when a mass of air sinks from the sky to the ground, the temperature rises by about 6.5℃ on average for every drop of 1000 meters. That is to say, when the air falls to the ground from the mountain at an altitude of 4000-5000 meters, the temperature will rise by more than 20℃, which will suddenly heat up the cool climate. This is the reason for "burning the wind".

Foehn can be seen in many mountainous areas in the world, but the Alps in Europe, the Rocky Mountains in America and the Caucasus Mountains in the former Soviet Union are the most famous. In the windy and sunny days in the Alps, the temperature can suddenly rise above 20℃ during the day, and the weather in early spring will become like midsummer, not only hot, but also very dry, with frequent fires. Strong burning wind can scorch leaves, crack the land and lead to severe drought.

Burning wind can sometimes bring benefits to people. The rocky mountains in North America have deep snow in winter. When the wind blows in spring, all the snow will melt soon. The land is covered with lush grass, which provides pasture for livestock, so the locals call it a "snow eater". Lighter burning wind can increase local heat and make corn and fruit trees mature ahead of time, so the residents of the Caucasus and Tashkent oasis in the former Soviet Union simply call it "corn wind".

In China, wind burning areas can also be seen everywhere, but not as obvious as the above areas. For example, it can be seen in the north and south of Tianshan Mountain, at the foot of Qinling Mountain, in the hills of southern Sichuan, in the Jinsha River Valley, in the Great and Small Xing 'an Mountains, under Taihang Mountain and in the mountainous areas of southern Anhui.

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Foehn wind, as its name implies, is a dry and hot wind, which can be seen in many mountainous areas in the world, especially the Alps in Europe, the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Caucasus Mountains in the former Soviet Union. In the Alps, when the wind blows and the sun shines, the temperature during the day can suddenly rise above 20 degrees Celsius, and the weather in early spring will become like midsummer. In the north and south of Tianshan Mountain, at the foot of Qinling Mountain, in the hills of southern Sichuan, in the Jinsha River basin, in Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling Mountains, under Taihang Mountain, and in the mountainous areas of southern Anhui, you can see the trail of burning wind.

After the occurrence of foehn, it usually causes serious natural disasters. 165438+1October 14 night, foehn wind formed a strong storm in some parts of Austria, attacking all farmland and villages at the speed of 160 km per hour. Where the burning storm passed, the roofs of hundreds of houses were blown away or crushed by the wind, many trees were uprooted or broken, power supply and telephone communication were interrupted, and road and railway traffic was blocked. Two people died and millions of euros were lost.

On May 1 1, 2004, there was a foehn in Taidong, Taiwan Province Province, and the high temperature of 40.2 degrees Celsius set a century-old record in Taidong. At noon that day 12: 57, a strong burning wind suddenly blew in the downtown area of Taitung, and the indoor and outdoor temperatures rose rapidly like an oven. At 13: 00 and 14: 00, the temperature soared to 40.2 degrees Celsius, making the local residents miserable. Some people turned on the air conditioner and hid in the house. Some people took their children to the clear stream in the suburbs to enjoy the cool. Farmers are even more bitter, because they are most afraid that hot leaves and tea trees will wither slowly in the strong burning wind.

In high mountain areas, burning wind can also lead to melting snow, flooding upstream valleys and sometimes causing avalanches.

In addition, when windy weather occurs, many people will have uncomfortable symptoms, such as fatigue, depression, headache, bad temper, palpitation and edema. Medical meteorologists believe that this is caused by the dry heat characteristics of foehn and the influence of changes in atmospheric electrical characteristics on human body. Of course, burning wind can sometimes bring benefits. For example, in the Rocky Mountains of North America, the snow is deep in winter and disappears quickly when it blows in spring.

Melting snow makes the earth full of lush grass and provides pasture for livestock, so locals call it "snow eaters". Some lighter burning winds can increase local heat and make corn and fruit trees mature ahead of time, such as Caucasus and Tashkent Oasis in the former Soviet Union.

Residents call it "corn wind".

How is the foehn formed? According to meteorologists, wind burning is a unique weather phenomenon in mountainous areas. It was caused by the sinking of the airflow after crossing the mountain. When a mass of air sinks from the sky to the ground, the temperature rises by an average of 6.5 degrees Celsius for every drop of 1000 meters. That is to say, when the air falls to the ground from a mountain with an altitude of 4000 meters to 5000 meters, the temperature will rise by more than 20 degrees Celsius, making the cool climate suddenly hot, which is the reason for "burning wind". The above-mentioned foehn in Taitung, Taiwan, is a dry and hot foehn after the southwest airflow passes through the central mountain range, and the moisture is blocked and the water vapor evaporates.