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I liked studying when I was young. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read. I often borrow money from the library, copy it myself, and send it back on the appointed day. When the weather is cold, the water in the salt pond freezes into ice and I can't stretch my fingers. I still don't relax reading. After copying, please go back to China, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. When he grew up, he admired the teachings of saints and suffered from being unable to associate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. He quickly walked out of the hundred miles and brought the scriptures to his fellow villagers.

Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; Please ask again as soon as it is happy. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot.

When I was looking for my master, I was walking in the mountains of Otani with my book box on my back and Tara shoes on. In winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up.

Stay in a hotel and eat two meals a day, without fresh fat and delicious enjoyment. All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with treasures, white jade rings on their waists, swords on their left and smelly faces on their right. I am wearing a robe, but I am not sentimental at all. Because there are enough things in your heart to make you happy, don't feel that the enjoyment of food is not as good as others. My efforts and efforts are probably like this.

Although I am old and have no achievements, I am fortunate to be among the gentlemen. However, I have been blessed by the son of heaven. After I became a public official, I worked as a consultant every day, and the whole world misreported my last name. What else? Nowadays, students are studying in imperial academy, county officials have a little confession every day, and parents have the legacy of Qiu Ge's 20-year-old, so there is no danger of being cold and timid.

Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; All the books should be kept here. There is no need to record them through other people's hands and read them later. If they are not proficient in their studies and their moral character is not cultivated, if they have no talent and qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault?

Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his virtue. I went to the capital to appear before the emperor, who met me as a fellow villager and wrote a long letter as a gift. The words were fluent and accessible, and I argued with him with a gentle and polite attitude. He said that when he was young, he studied very hard and was a good learner. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies. It is said that Yu Mian's fellow villagers are all scholars, and so is Yu. Those who despise me, brag about my wealth and prosperity, and be arrogant to my hometown know the rest!

Interpretation of vernacular:

I liked studying when I was young. Because my family is poor and I can't get books to read, I often borrow them from people who collect books, copy them myself and return them on an agreed date. When the weather is very cold, the water in the inkstone pool is frozen into hard ice, and my fingers can't bend and stretch. I still copy books without relaxation. Return it to others as soon as possible after copying, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly.

So most people are willing to lend me books, so I can read all kinds of books. As an adult, I admire the theory of sages more, but I can't communicate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. Once I walked a hundred miles at a brisk pace and asked my compatriots for advice with a scripture in my hand.

His predecessors were highly respected, and his master students crowded his room. His words and attitude have never been euphemistic. I stood beside him, asking questions, asking truth, and bowed my head to him for advice; Sometimes I am reprimanded, my expression is more respectful, my manners are more thoughtful, and I dare not answer a word; Ask him when he is happy. So although I was stupid, I finally learned a lot.

When I was looking for a teacher, I walked in the deep mountain valley with my book box on my back and my heels on. In the severe winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. When I arrived at the school house, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant poured me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up.

Staying in a hotel, eating two meals a day, no fresh, fat and delicious enjoyment. The students' scholars are all well-dressed, wearing red scarves and jewels, with white jade rings around their waist, knives on the left and sachets on the right, which are as bright as gods; I'm wearing an old cotton gown and a rag, and I'm not jealous.

Because there are enough things in my heart to make me happy, I don't feel that the enjoyment of food and clothing is inferior to others. My efforts and hardships are probably like this. Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me.

Now students are studying in imperial academy, and the court provides meals every day. Parents give them leather clothes in winter and kudzu clothes in summer, so don't worry about freezing and hunger. Sitting downstairs reading classics, there is no hard work; Some teachers are professors and doctors. They don't ask or tell. They sought advice, but found nothing.

All the books you should have are concentrated here. You don't have to copy them by hand like me. You can borrow them from others before you can see them. If some of them are not proficient in their studies and their moral quality has not developed, if they are not talented and have low qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault?

Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his virtue. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him with gentle words and humble attitude.

He himself said that he worked hard when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He was going home to meet his parents, so I specifically told him about my study difficulties. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you slander me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my hometown, do you know me?

Words:

1, Dongyang: Now Dongyang County, Zhejiang Province, which belonged to Jinhua Prefecture with Qianxi at that time. Ma Sheng: Tai's student's surname is Ma, which is Ma Junze in the article. Foreword: Stylistic names include book foreword and gift foreword. This article is a preface to the gift.

2. Yu: me. Shi: I like reading.

3、to: get。

4. borrow: borrow.

5. Fu Zhi Zhi: that is, "Fu Zhi Zhi", who never slacks off or relaxes his studies. Christopher, no. It refers to copying books.

6.Go: Run, here means "hurry up"

7. overdue: beyond the agreed time limit.

8. I have arrived. Crown raising: When an ancient man reached the age of 20, he held a crown raising ceremony to show his manhood.

9. The way of sages: refers to the way of Confucius and Mencius. Song Lian is a neo-Confucian, advocating benevolence, righteousness and morality, so he is highly respected.

10, Master: a learned teacher. Travel: making friends.

1 1, taste: Zeng. Trend: Go.

12, pioneer of villages and towns: a famous local moral knowledge elder. This refers to ancient writers such as Liu Guan from Pujiang and Huang Cheng from Yiwu. Inquire about the scriptures: bring the scriptures for consultation.

13. Ease your tone a little: speak softly and face gently. Words, words and faces.

14, aid the suspect: ask questions and ask the truth.

15, chiì (duì du): reprimand, reprimand.

16, as soon as possible: and so on. Xin(xρn): same as Xin.

17, pawn: finally.

18, Lu (qiè): box. Drag (yè xǐ): slippers.

19, poor winter: deep winter.

Contact person:

This preface was written by Song Lian to fellow countryman Ma Junze. The author gave him this article to encourage him to study hard, but the meaning was not directly said, but extended from his own personal experience and understanding. It is tactfully implicit, cordial and friendly, and between the lines is full of a virtuous elder's ardent expectations for the younger generation, which is touching to read.

Extended data writing background:

In the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Song Lian was asked to go to Yingtian from his hometown Pujiang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and Ma Jun, a junior in his hometown, came to visit. Song Lian wrote this preface to introduce his learning experience and attitude to encourage others to be diligent. ?

Appreciation of articles:

The full text is divided into three parts. In the first paragraph, I wrote about my study as a teenager, aiming at highlighting his studious spirit of "diligence can make up for the shortcomings". Inside, there are four levels. The first layer is difficult to learn from borrowing books. Because the family is poor and there are no books, we have to borrow books to copy books. Although it was cold, the inkstone froze and their fingers froze, they didn't dare to slack off.

The second layer is the difficulty of seeking a teacher and the necessity of learning with an open mind. Seek a teacher from a hundred miles, and be careful. Although I was scolded, I finally got something. On the third level, from the perspective of the hardships of living conditions, I am content with poverty and don't admire wealth. Because I have learned something, I only feel happy and don't feel bitter. I emphasize that as long as I am full of energy, the hardships of living conditions can be ignored.

The fourth layer is the summary of this paragraph. Because I was not afraid of all kinds of difficulties, I studied hard and finally achieved something. Although the author modestly says that he has "no achievements", the fact that a generation of great scholars is self-evident is known to all.

Finally, the rhetorical question of "the situation is too surplus" is a link between the past and the future, and its content is very rich. First of all, the author emphasizes in a rhetorical tone that if a person with a little higher talent can be as diligent as himself, he will certainly achieve more outstanding achievements. At the same time, the implication is that I am not a genius, so I can achieve my present achievements because of hard work and hard study. In other words, if people are not too talented, but they have accomplished nothing, they can only blame themselves for not working hard enough.

From the following, we can know that Ma Sheng is a studious young man. As long as he persists, the future is limitless. Therefore, although this sentence is a few numbers, it has profound significance and great effect. It not only takes care of the above, but also connects with the following, closely follows the theme of the preface, sincerely and implicitly expresses Ma Sheng's exhortation, encouragement and expectation, and shows everyone's "graceful but muddy" demeanor.

The second paragraph, following the first paragraph, describes that the excellent learning conditions of contemporary Taiwan Province students are in sharp contrast with the difficulties of the author in his youth, and emphasizes the necessity of diligent study from the opposite side. The cloud of "I have something to offer every day" contrasts with the above-mentioned living conditions, the cloud of "having a teacher and a doctor as a teacher" contrasts with the above-mentioned difficulty in seeking a teacher, and the cloud of "all suitable books are gathered here" contrasts with the above-mentioned difficulty in borrowing books.

Through the comparison, it can be clearly seen that the students of Mrs. University are much better than the author in terms of reading, seeking teachers and living, but they are not very good in career and morality. Finally, with an optional sentence and a rhetorical question, it is emphasized that the key is that these students are neither diligent nor diligent. This is the care of the fourth floor in the last paragraph.

The above two paragraphs emphasize the importance of diligent study from both positive and negative aspects. Although there is no explicit encouragement to Ma Sheng, the significance of encouragement is self-evident. But after all, the article is written for reading, so in the third paragraph, it is obviously written, pointing out that the purpose of writing the preface is "the Tao is difficult to learn" and "the scholars encourage the villagers to learn."

Because the content of the exhortation has been written in the last two paragraphs, I will only say some words of praise and praise here, but it is not difficult for Ma Sheng to earnestly get the message.

Song Lian is generous, sincere and humble. This article, like this man, is euphemistic and friendly. In fact, according to his prestige and status, he can put on airs of his elders, argue head-on, speak loudly and teach this young man a lesson. However, he didn't do it.

He never talks about what you young people should be like. He only talks about what "I" is like. He puts himself and the other person on an equal footing and talks with people with his own personal experience and personal experience.

Not only from the point of view, but also from the image and emotion, it inspires and influences readers, making people feel that there is a lofty personality appeal in the depth of the article. In the process of reading, readers will unconsciously shorten their ideological distance from the author, agree with his point of view and are willing to follow his point of view. Writing an article to achieve this step is not only a question of article skills, but also requires profound ideological cultivation as the foundation.

Secondly, in reasoning, the author is not talking about learning out of thin air, but is good at letting thoughts and truths emerge naturally in the narrative of facts. In the narrative of facts, he is good at organically combining general narrative with typical detail description, so that the article is only concrete, concise and vivid, and also has strong persuasiveness and appeal.

For example, when the author talks about the difficulty of reading, he usually describes the situation that he has to borrow books and copy books because of his poor family, saying that "the weather is freezing, the inkstone is hard, his fingers can't bend and stretch, and the Buddha is lazy."

Through such a typical detail description, people have vivid and concrete feelings about the author's diligence in reading and the hardship of learning conditions. The reason lies in the matter, and the matter is quite touching. This is another internal reason why this article makes people happy to identify with and accept the author's point of view.

And the article is natural, but the internal structure is very tight and compact. The object of the original text is the main body of the article. But the article put aside the topic, starting from oneself, taking it easy, starting from oneself and others, and finally talking about the object of giving. Seemingly careless, but actually clever.

In the deep structure of the article, there is a close internal relationship between the subject and the object, always taking the subject as the goal and taking care of the subject everywhere, but avoiding the shortcomings of the general preface, making the article euphemistic, implicit and meaningful. In writing, I successfully used the methods of contrast and contrast, so that there is contrast between the left and right, and there is care before and after. The article shows rigor in leisure, "both fish and fish are elegant and moderate." This is also very impressive.