7 House 215 Knowledge Competition

There is one question for each question type, 15 questions per person

Question Type 1

1. What are the specific contents of information literacy or quality?

Information literacy refers to the awareness that users gradually develop to actively participate in information activities and consciously apply information technology in the process of knowledge learning and growth using modern science and technology represented by computers and network technology. Attitudes, concepts, and the ability to acquire, identify, process, process, transmit, and create information and the ability to use information to solve practical problems. It includes strong information awareness, systematic information concepts, comprehensive information capabilities, etc.

2. What are the concepts of information, knowledge, intelligence and documents? What are the components of literature?

The concept of information: 1. Information is an object entity formed by people processing and processing raw materials collected from natural phenomena and social phenomena according to certain purposes and needs, and finding out the relationships among them.

2. Information is data that has a certain meaning, has been processed, and is valuable for decision-making, that is, information = data + processing

3. Information is the way people process data. Information can be digitized by systematically organizing, collating, and analyzing it so that it is relevant, but does not have a physical object related to a specific user action.

The concept of knowledge: Knowledge refers to the cognition people gain from understanding and transforming the world, including cognition through reading, learning, etc., and all experiences accumulated through one's own or others' experiences. the sum of.

The concept of intelligence: it is information that is used by people, information that is felt by people and can be communicated.

The concept of literature: it is all carriers that record knowledge.

The components of documents: not only include all collections of modern libraries, but also all collections of archives, museums, audiovisual libraries and information centers.

3. What types of information and information resources include?

1) Type of information: According to the nature of the object that generates the information, it can be divided into natural information (instantaneous sound, light, heat, electricity, various weather changes, slow crustal movement, Celestial evolution...), biological information (various forms and behaviors exhibited by living things for reproduction and survival, such as genetic information, information exchange within organisms, information exchange within animal populations), machine information (automatic control systems) and (human beings ) social information. Based on the carrier on which the information is attached, it can be divided into documentary information, oral information, electronic information, biological information, etc.

Types of information resources: According to different storage media, information resources can be divided into printed information resources, Electronic information resources, digital information resources and multimedia information resources.

4. What types of documents are there? What is the basis for dividing the literature into these categories?

1) According to carrier materials, storage technology, and transmission methods

Can be divided into: printed, microform, audition and machine-readable document information sources

2) According to different degrees of processing

It can be divided into: primary literature information sources, secondary literature information sources, and tertiary literature information sources

3) According to literature information Content division of sources

Can be divided into: books, journals, newspapers, scientific and technological reports, government publications, conference documents, patent documents, dissertations, standard documents, archive documents, product samples

< p>5. What type of database? What are the characteristics of online resources?

Types of databases: online databases, CD-ROM databases, network databases

What are the characteristics of network resources: huge quantity and rapid growth; rich content and diverse forms; frequent changes and varying values ; Complex structure, wide distribution; scattered and disordered information, etc.

6. What is a "core journal"? What are the core journals in this major?

The definition of core journals is: in a certain discipline, a few journals cover most of the literature in the discipline, while most journals only contain a small amount of literature in the discipline. These few journals are the core journals of the discipline.

The core journals of this major include: "Politics and Law", "Global Law Review", "Contemporary Law", "Legal Science"

7. What is information retrieval? What are the types?

Definition: It is the process of comparing the characteristics of the user's questions with the characteristics of the data source through certain methods and means, and then extracting the information that is consistent or relatively consistent between the two for the user to use. .

Type: literature retrieval, data retrieval, fact retrieval

8. Briefly describe the principles of information retrieval.

The essence of information retrieval is a matching process, that is, the process of matching the subject concepts or retrieval expressions required by information users with the system language of a certain information system. If the two match, the required information is Check, otherwise the retrieval fails.

9. What is a computer information retrieval system? How many parts does it consist of?

Computer information retrieval system: It is a retrieval method that uses computers and certain communication equipment to find required information. The retrieval system is a system that combines human design operations and computer automated processing.

Components: CD-ROM retrieval system, online retrieval system, network retrieval system

10. What does computer information retrieval technology include?

Boolean retrieval, vector space retrieval, fuzzy set retrieval, probability retrieval, full-text retrieval, developed into hypertext retrieval and developed in the direction of intelligence.

11. From the perspective of appearance characteristics and content characteristics, what are the types of search languages? Use a simple search formula for each of the different features.

The search language that describes the external characteristics of information includes title (book title, journal title, article title), author name\unit name, publication matter, code\serial number (such as patent number, report number, standard number) etc. It is direct and clear as a search mark and is relatively simple to use.

The retrieval language that describes the characteristics of information content includes classification language and topic language. The topic language can be divided into keyword language, unit word language, title word language and thesaurus language.

12. Why should we create a search language? What types does it have? Compare the advantages and disadvantages of classification languages ??and topic languages.

1) Search language refers to a specialized language used to describe the content characteristics and external characteristics of information in an information system and to express user information questions. The purpose is to facilitate document retrieval.

2) Type: According to whether the search language is controlled, it can be divided into artificial language and natural language. According to the combination implementation status during retrieval, it can be divided into first-group and last-group search languages. According to the description information The difference in characteristics can be divided into retrieval languages ??that describe the external characteristics of information and retrieval languages ??that describe the content characteristics of documents.

13. Methods and approaches for information (document) retrieval. Discuss the retrieval steps in detail?

1. Analyze the research topic and clarify the search requirements: analyze the main content of the topic, determine the document type of the topic, determine the search time range, and analyze the user’s search evaluation requirements

2. Selection Search tool: According to the requirements of the search topic, select the search tool that best meets the search requirements. Different data types should use different databases

3. Determine the search strategy: Determine the search approach and formulate the search strategy

4. Adjust the search plan: After determining the specific search method, you must use the database to conduct a specific search within a certain age range to obtain literature clues. The user makes a judgment on each search result and makes corresponding modifications and adjustments to the search strategy until satisfactory results are obtained

5. Obtain the original text: use the full-text database to obtain it directly, or use the document delivery system to obtain it , Utilize the original text service of the abstract database and the OPAC retrieval system for interlibrary loan.

14. What is a literature clue? List clues for the different document types above (journal articles, conference papers, books, standards, etc.).

Literature clues: The concept of literature retrieval has a narrow sense and a broad sense.

Narrow retrieval (Retrieval) refers to the process of finding and obtaining specific relevant documents from a large number of organized relevant document collections based on a certain method. The collection of documents here does not usually refer to the documents themselves, but information about the documents or clues to the documents. If you really want to obtain the information recorded in the literature, you must also obtain the original text based on the literature clues obtained through the search.

Broad retrieval includes two processes: storage and retrieval of information (Storage and Retrieval). Information storage refers to the staff gathering a large amount of disordered information, sorting, classifying, condensing, indexing and other processes according to the appearance characteristics and content characteristics of the information source, making it systematic and orderly, and according to certain rules. The technical requirement is to build a tool or retrieval system with retrieval function for people to retrieve and utilize. Retrieval refers to using prepared retrieval tools or retrieval systems to find specific information that meets user requirements.

15. Briefly describe the collections of "Chaoxing Electronic Library", "Scholar's Home Digital Library", "Chinese Academic Journal Full-text Database", "VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database" and "Wanfang Digital Journal" Characteristics of resources

1), Chaoxing Electronic Library: The electronic books collected are rich in content, including classic theory, philosophy, social sciences, economics, language, literature, mathematics, physics, biology, industrial technology, and computers It covers more than 50 subject categories, and now has 800,000 Chinese e-books, 3 million papers, and a total of more than 400 million full texts, and it is still being updated and added every day

2) Scholar’s ??Home Digital Library: Mainly collects new books published after 1999. Its collection accounts for more than half of the new book varieties published in China every year. It currently has 150,000 kinds of books, a considerable amount, and a complete range of subject categories.

3) China Academic Journal Full-text Database: The products of this database are divided into ten major albums: Science and Engineering A, Science and Engineering B, Science and Engineering C, Agriculture, Medicine and Health, Literature, History and Philosophy, Politics, Military and Law, Education and Society. Science synthesis, electronic technology and information science, economics and management. The album is divided into several topics, with a total of 168 topics.

4) VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database: Classified according to the "Chinese Library Classification", all documents are divided into 8 albums: social sciences, natural sciences, engineering technology, medicine and health, agricultural science, Economic management, educational science and library information. The 8 major albums are further divided into 36 special topics.

5) Characteristics of Wanfang’s digital journal collection resources: It currently contains more than 70 categories in five major categories: science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, and humanities, and more than 2,500 core science and technology journals, enabling full-text online access . There are seven main types of journals included in this system: basic science, agricultural science, social science, philosophy and politics, medicine and health, education, literature and art, and economics and finance.

16. Combine the two databases "Chinese Academic Journal Full-text Database" and "VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database" to discuss their respective "advanced search" methods

1), VIP Chinese "Advanced search" method for scientific journal database: Open VIP database, click Advanced Search, enter keywords, author, classification number, institution, journal title, expand search conditions, such as: time conditions, professional restrictions, journal scope, and then click Search .

2) "Advanced search" method of China Academic Journal Full-text Database: Open CNKI, click Advanced Search, enter the China Academic Journal Full-text Database, and enter search control conditions, such as: publication time, source journal` Journal year support fund, then enter content search criteria.

17. Briefly describe the characteristics and functions of special documents and the structure of academic papers

Features: special distribution channels, different forms, special value that cannot be replaced by other documents

Function: Transmit scientific and technological information

Structure: Generally speaking, academic papers include eight necessary components, of which the prefix includes title, author, abstract, keywords, and main body The sections include introduction, main text, conclusion, and references.

18. What are the types of standards divided by levels? What levels are our standards divided into? Which symbols are used respectively?

Classification: 1) According to the scope of use, it can be divided into: international standards, regional standards, national standards, industry standards, local standards, and enterprise standards

According to standards Binding standards can be divided into: mandatory standards and non-mandatory standards

my country: National standards GB Industry standards FZ Local standards DB Enterprise standards Q

2) A complete classification number is given by Symbol composition representing department, category, subcategory, large group or subgroup. For example: A01B 1/02.

——Part A

——Major category A01

——Small category A01B

——Major group A01B1/00 < /p>

——Group A01B1/02

Classification

——Part A: Living Needs

——Part B: Operation; Transportation< /p>

——Part C: Chemistry; Metallurgy

——Part D: Textiles; Papermaking

——Part E: Fixed buildings

——Part F: Mechanical Engineering; Lighting; Heating; Explosion

——Part G: Physics

——Part H: Electricity

19. Patents The respective meanings of novelty, inventiveness and practicality, the types of patents protected in China

1. Novelty means that the same invention or utility model has not been published in domestic or foreign publications before the filing date. , has been publicly used in the country or has become known to the public in other ways, and no other person has applied for the same invention or utility model to the patent administration department of the State Council and recorded it in the patent application documents published after the application date.

2. Creativity means that compared with the existing technology before the filing date, the invention has outstanding substantive features and significant progress, and the utility model has substantive features and progress.

3. Practicality means that the invention or utility model can be manufactured or used and can produce positive effects.

Types of patent protection in China: inventions, utility models, designs

20. When will China implement patent law? What kind of approval procedures does China’s patent law use for patents? What are the objects protected by China’s Patent Law

1. Effective from April 1, 1985

2. Procedure: 1). After the Patent Office receives the invention patent application , if it is determined after preliminary examination that it meets the requirements of this Law, it will be announced within 18 months from the date of application. The Patent Office may publish an application early upon the applicant's request.

2) Within three years from the filing date of an invention patent application, the Patent Office may conduct a substantive examination of the application based on the request made by the applicant at any time; if the applicant fails to request a substantive examination beyond the time limit without justifiable reasons, The application is deemed to have been withdrawn.

When the Patent Office deems it necessary, it may conduct a substantive examination of the invention patent application on its own.

3) When the applicant for an invention patent requests substantive examination, he shall submit reference materials related to his invention before the filing date.

If an invention patent application has been filed in a foreign country, when requesting substantive examination, the applicant shall submit the information retrieved by that country for the purpose of examining the application or the information on the examination results; if the applicant fails to submit it without justifiable reasons, The application is deemed to have been withdrawn.

4) If the Patent Office, after conducting a substantive examination of an invention patent application, deems that it does not comply with the provisions of this Law, it shall notify the applicant and require him to state his opinions within a specified time limit or make modifications to his application. ; If you fail to reply within the time limit without justifiable reasons, the application will be deemed to have been withdrawn.

5) If the patent office still considers that the invention patent application does not comply with the provisions of this Law after the applicant has stated its opinions or made modifications, it shall be rejected.

6). If no reason for rejection is found after substantive examination of an invention patent application, the Patent Office shall make a determination, make an announcement, and notify the applicant.

7) After the Patent Office receives an application for a utility model or design patent, if it is determined through preliminary examination that it meets the requirements of this Law, it will no longer conduct a substantive examination, and will immediately make an announcement and notify the applicant.

8) Within three months from the date of announcement of a patent application, anyone may file an objection to the application to the Patent Office in accordance with this law. The Patent Office shall send a copy of the objection to the applicant, and the applicant shall submit a written reply within three months from the date of receipt of the copy of the objection; if the applicant fails to submit a written reply within the time limit without justifiable reasons, the application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.

9) If the Patent Office considers that the objection is established after review, it shall make a decision to reject the application and notify the opponent and the applicant.

10). The Patent Office establishes a Patent Reexamination Committee. If the applicant is dissatisfied with the Patent Office's decision to reject the application, he may request a reexamination to the Patent Reexamination Board within three months from the date of receipt of the notice. After review, the Patent Reexamination Board will make a decision and notify the applicant.

If an applicant for an invention patent is dissatisfied with the Patent Reexamination Board’s decision to reject the reexamination request, he may file a lawsuit with the People’s Court within three months from the date of receipt of the notice.

The decision made by the Patent Reexamination Board on the applicant’s request for reexamination of utility models and designs is final.

11) If there is no objection to the patent application or the objection is not established after examination, the Patent Office shall make a decision to grant the patent right, issue a patent certificate, and register and announce relevant matters.

3. Inventions, utility models, and designs

21. How many patent document numbers does China’s patent document numbering system contain? How to call it?

Six types of application number, patent number, publication number, approval number, announcement number, authorization announcement number

22. Characteristics of patent documents, structure of patent specification

Features: Novelty, creativity and practicality

Structure: Usually, a patent specification includes: patent document description items, claims, description, drawings, and abstract. Some patent specifications are also accompanied by search reports.

23. The classification method of patent documents, the structural composition of classification numbers, and the purpose of patent search

Patent documents adopt functions (basic functions of the invention) and applications (purposes of the invention). Combining, function-based classification principles. Adopt a hierarchical form to classify technical content step by step according to Section, Subsection, Class, Subclass, Main group and Subgroup to form a complete classification system.

Classification number structure: Department, sub-category, main grouping

Purpose of patent search: The purpose of patent search is to efficiently collect the latest patent information to get a glimpse of the current situation. The development status of relevant technologies can be referenced to the research results of others to reduce investment in R&D funds and time, and avoidance designs can also be carried out to avoid infringement of other people's patent rights. In addition, the patented technology information obtained can be used to judge the business direction, technical level, and market layout of other companies, and thus formulate correct response strategies. Knowing oneself and the enemy is the key to winning in market competition. Generally speaking, patent searches can help R&D personnel and enterprises track technology development trends, plan R&D directions, and formulate market competition strategies.

24. Patent 'country codes' of major international countries and international organizations

AT Austria AU Australia BE Belgium CA Canada CH Switzerland CN China DE Federal Germany DK Denmark EP European patent Bureau ES Spain FI Finland FR France GB United Kingdom HU Hungary IE Ireland IL Israel IN India IT Italy JP Japan KR South Korea NL Netherlands NO Norway OA African Intellectual Property Organization PCT PCT RU Russian Federation SE Sweden SU ??Soviet Union UA ??Ukraine US United States WO World Intellectual Property Organization YU Yugoslavia ZA South Africa

25. Briefly describe how to use the 'Chinese Dissertation Database' and 'Chinese Standard Literature Database'

1) How to use the Chinese Dissertation Database:< /p>

1. Preparation before use

1. Log in to Wanfang Data

2. Download the reader

Enter the "Homepage>> Support and Download>>Download Area", download the Acrobat Reader installation program>>Install PDF reader

2. How to search

1. Quick search: After logging in, the user can go to the system homepage Enter search terms in the search portal to search, select the check box in front of the database, enter keywords, and search in "any field" by default.

2. Cross-database search: can search in multiple databases at the same time

a Enter cross-database search: As shown in the figure above, click "Cross-database search" to enter

bDetermine the search scope:

cAdd search conditions

3. Ordinary search

aEnter the "China Dissertation Full-text Database" search interface< /p>

b Add search conditions in the general search area to search

4. Category browsing: According to the "Chinese Library Classification", you can browse dissertations in different disciplines

3. Obtain documents

1. View abstracts and full texts

2. Related searches and package downloads

2) How to use the Chinese Standard Literature Database

p>

Log in to Wanfang Database, enter the content to be searched in the "Standard Name" column of the Wanfang Data Chinese and Foreign Standard Database search interface, and then click the search button to get the search results.

26. What is a technology report? What types does it have? What search tools should be used to find my country's science and technology reports

Science and technology reports: They are a very important resource. They often reflect the frontiers of science and technology and ongoing research projects, focusing on recording in detail the entire process of scientific research progress. Most of them are related to high-tech fields, disseminating research results quickly, and they are mainly distributed internally, making it difficult for outsiders to obtain them.

Types of scientific and technological reports

2) Scientific and technological reports can be divided into different types:

1. According to the content, they can be divided into: basic theoretical research and engineering technology Categories.

2. According to the form, it can be divided into: Technical Reports (TR), Technical Notes (TN), Technical Papers (TP), Technical Memorandum (Technical Memorandum) , referred to as TM), Bulletin (Bulletin), Technical Translations (TT), Contractor Reports (CR), Special Publications (SP), others (such as: conference publications, Teaching publications, reference publications, patent application specifications and statistical data), etc.

3. According to the degree of research progress, it can be divided into: Primary Report, Progress Report, Interim Report and Final Report.

4. According to the scope of circulation, it can be divided into: Top Secret Report, Secret Report, Confidential Report, Restricted Report, Unclassified Report Report (Unclassified Report), Declassified Report (Declassified Report). Most of the confidential scientific and technological reports belong to the military, defense industry and cutting-edge technological achievements

3) Search tool: EI CompendexWeb INSPEC DIALOG

27. What are conference documents? If you want to find information about various foreign academic conferences, what search tools should you use

1. Conference documents are an extremely effective and important channel for transmitting and obtaining scientific and technological information.

2. Search tools: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) "China Important Conference Papers Full-text Database" Wanfang Data "China Academic Conference Papers Abstract Database" China Academic Conference Online Internet Conference Preview European Research Conference International Organization for Standardization Standardization Conference Preliminary medical conference query

28. Describe the types of foreign language databases introduced or purchased by our school library and their collection characteristics

Type: 1) EBSCOhost system full-text database 1. Academic journal integration Full-text database 2. Business resource integrated full-text database 3. Communication and mass media database 4. Newspaper resource database 5. Educational full-text journal database

2) Springerlink electronic journals and books

Included Features: EBSCOhost currently has more than 60 databases, more than 10 full-text databases and other databases, covering various aspects such as comprehensive science, business, management, finance, medicine, education, military, agriculture, humanities, etc. Among them, the Academic Journal Integrated Full-text Database and the Commercial Resources Integrated Full-text Database are one of the earliest database types organized by the CALIS Group, and have been familiar and used by many domestic universities.

Springerlink has access to more than 1,850 journals, of which more than 1,150 full-text journals are accessible. More than 95% of the journals are in English, many of which are English core journals and are cited by the famous It is included in the literature service and has a high impact factor in ISI's SCI.

29. What are the personalized services provided by springlink? What procedures do readers need before using personalized services?

SpringerLink's personalized service function: "My Favorites" allows users to set personal browsing habits, saving time, convenience and practicality; "Alert Service" allows users to register and Set a personal research field, and when the latest literature related to it is published, the user can be notified by email or when the user uses the database according to the user's choice. Currently, these two features are only available on SpringerLink's German site.

Readers need to: log in before using personalized services

SpringerLink is controlled by IP address. On any networked computer, you can log in to SpringerLink’s Tsinghua mirror without a username and password. site or German site. At this time, the reader is a group user and can browse, search and consult article titles and abstracts of all SpringerLink electronic publications, including the Springer Online Edition series. For some personalized services provided by SpringerLink, such as the My Favorite and Alert services mentioned above, readers must register as individual users on the home page of the SpringerLink German site and log in as individual users before they can use them.

30. The springlink main page defaults to a simple search page.

Please use the simple search function to find 2 documents on 'computer optimization' in the past 2 years

Studies on computer optimization techniques for hydrophilic vehicle compositions

Journal Archives of Pharmacal Research

Publisher Pharmaceutical Society of Korea

ISSN 0253-6269 (Print) 1976-3786 (Online)

Volume 11, Number 3 / September 1988

p>

Article TypeOriginal Articles

DOI 10.1007/BF02861308

Pages 185-196

Discipline Classification Biomedicine and Life Sciences

< p>SpringerLink Date June 1, 2008

Computer optimization of the performance of an anaerobic filter used for purification of highly polluted wastewater from a sugar refinery

Journal Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

Publisher Birkh?user Basel

ISSN 1420-682X (Print) 1420-9071 (Online)

Volume 45, Numbers 11- 12 / December 1989

Article Type Multi-Author Review

DOI 10.1007/BF01950153

Pages 1024-1029

Discipline Classification Biomedicine and Life Sciences

SpringerLink Date August 1, 2005

31. The springlink system can mark search results that meet expectations. Marked records can be temporarily saved in the system or permanently saved through the personalized service function. Write down several output methods of search results

PDF format, text format

32. What are the personalized services provided by EBSCO? What operating procedures do readers need before using personalized services

1) Recommendations for the most popular articles

Quick links inside and outside the site

Collect favorite journals

Save important searches

Set email prompts

Search prompts: There are new search results for the same search query

Citation prompts: An article has been cited by a new article

Journal prompt: The journal you are following has published a new issue

Topic prompt: A new article has been published on the topic you are following

p>

History tracking (retrieval history and operation history)

2). Readers should register and apply before using the EBSCOHOST function to obtain a set of personal usernames and passwords. When retrieving passwords, Questions and answers to the questions when retrieving the password, click the "Submit" button to return to the initial login interface. At this time, if a yellow pattern appears in My EBSCOhost, the login is complete.

33. Characteristics and types of network resources; functions of search engines

Characteristics: huge number and rapid growth; rich content and diverse forms; frequent changes and different values; complex structure , widely distributed; information is scattered, disordered, etc.

Types: 1. According to the way of human information exchange, it can be divided into informal published information, semi-informal publications, and formal publications

< p>2). From the perspective of network information retrieval, network information can be classified according to information query methods into Internet information, FTP information, TELNET information, USENET information resources, USTSERV information, and JOPHER information

3) , According to the information access method, it can be divided into mail type, bulletin board type, broadcast type, library type and bibliographic type

4) According to the organizational form, it can be divided into file type, database type, Hypermedia type

5), according to timeliness, can be divided into dynamic information, electronic newspapers, electronic journals, electronic books, online collection catalogs, online databases, etc.

6), According to the media form of information, it is divided into text information, hypertext information, multimedia information.

7). According to the network information service method, it is divided into website information, news information, forum information and file service information

p>

8), divided according to the format of information, HTML TXT DOC PDF RM MP3

Function: web search, image search, video search, map search, news search, music search, forum search Wait

34. Try to compare the functions of Baidu, Chinese Sohu, Peking University Tianwang, and Yisou