College entrance examination geography about geography graphics examination questions

Geographical graphics include climate type map, topographic map, administrative map, mineral distribution map, precipitation distribution map, temperature and humidity difference map, ethnic distribution map and so on. The following questions are related to the geography and graphics of the college entrance examination, which I recommend for your reference only!

Examination questions and reference answers about geographical graphics in the geography of college entrance examination

St Lawrence River (hereinafter referred to as River A) is a famous river? Frozen rivers? . Figure B below shows the monthly temperature and precipitation in Montreal throughout the year. Complete the following questions accordingly.

9, the ice age near Montreal is roughly ().

A, 2 months b, 3 months c, 4 months d, 5 months

10, according to the graphic information, the river section that may not be frozen in winter is located in ().

A, Lake Ontario to Prescott reach B, Prescott to Cornwall reach

C, section D from Montreal to Quebec, estuary section below Quebec

1 1. The feasible measure to reduce the flood hazard of this river is ().

(1) Deepen the river course; (2) Greening the river bank; (3) Blocking ice in sections; (4) Widening the river course.

a、①② B、②③ C、③④ D、①④

Answer 9.c10.b11.c.

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Test analysis:

9. According to the climate data of Montreal, it can be seen that the monthly average temperature from 65438+February to March of the following year is below 0℃, and it can be concluded that the ice age of Montreal reached 4 months, and the answer is C.

10. The river from Prescott to Cornwall has a large drop and a fast flow rate, so it is not easy to freeze in winter, so the answer is B.

1 1. Staged ice blocking can avoid excessive accumulation of floating ice and raise the water level. By widening the river, the water level can be lowered, the occurrence of ice storms can be reduced, and the harm to coastal areas can be reduced, so the answer is C.

Test center: Our research group mainly investigates the comprehensive application of climate types, hydrological characteristics of rivers and ice flood knowledge.

Taking the St. Lawrence River in Canada as a sample, the research group of famous teacher Dian Qing investigated the climate knowledge and hydrological characteristics of the river and tested the students' knowledge transfer and application ability. The first problem is that when the monthly average temperature of rivers is lower than 0℃, the ice age begins to appear. Combined with the given temperature change curve, it is not difficult to read that the average temperature in Montreal is below 0℃ for four months in a year. The second small question should pay attention to what you have learned. In addition to temperature, there are also factors affecting river icing, such as water velocity and river salinity. When the water flow is too fast, even below 0℃, it is difficult for the river to freeze. The higher the salinity, the lower the freezing temperature. Looking at the map, there is a hydropower station from Prescott to Cornwall, which shows that the river has a large drop, fast flow speed and is not easy to freeze. The third topic is to know that the formation process of river ice disaster is that floating ice keeps accumulating, blocking the river and raising the water level to form floods, so the countermeasures should be to find ways to lower the water level or raise dams to avoid floods.

(20 15? The salt content of sea ice is close to that of fresh water, and it can be used as fresh water resources after proper treatment. Figure 3 shows the annual average temperature of Bohai Sea and its adjacent waters. Distribution of days at -4℃. Complete the following questions accordingly.

7. In the four sea areas A, B, C and D, the thickness of sea ice is the largest ().

A，A B，B C，C D，D

8, the sea near the following cities, the most abundant sea ice resources per unit area is ().

A, Huludao B, Qinhuangdao C, Dalian D, Yantai

9. It is speculated that the reason why there is no large-scale exploitation of ice in Bohai Sea is ()

A, insufficient resources B, environmental damage C, high cost D, insufficient market demand

Answer 7, B 8, A 9, a

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Test analysis:

7. The lower the temperature, the longer the duration of the low temperature period and the thicker the sea ice. The temperature in four places in the picture is below 4? The longer duration of c is at a and b. A is located in the Bohai Sea, where the sea is deep and big. B is located near the mainland, so B has shallow seawater, small amount of seawater, easy to freeze and long ice age. B correct.

8. The greater the ice thickness, the greater the sea ice resources per unit area. In the picture, Huludao City has the highest latitude, the lowest temperature and the largest local sea ice thickness. Therefore, A is correct.

9. Affected by global warming, the winter ice period along the Bohai Sea coast is short, the ice layer is thin and the sea ice resources are limited. Therefore, A is correct.

Test location: marine environment.

The famous teacher made the finishing touch on the novel situation of this exam, focusing on the geographical principle of material movement and energy exchange in the natural environment and the relationship between natural resources and human life. In this group of problems, the influencing factors of sea ice formation are investigated by isoline map. Material movement and energy exchange in the natural environment, and the significance of the quantity and quality of natural resources under different productivity conditions to human survival and development.

(7) (20 15? The contour map of Shanghai volume geography can reflect the geomorphological characteristics of a region. The figure below shows the contour line of an area (unit: m).

15, the topographic unit between two 400-meter contour lines in the figure is ().

A, Ridge B, Cliff C, Fault Mountain D, Canyon

16, the gray part adjacent to the contour line of 3 10 meter in the figure is most likely ().

① colluvium ② small bedrock ③ sandbars in the middle of the river ④ low hills.

a、①② B、②③ C、③④ D、①④

Answer 15, D 16, a

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Test analysis:

15. Two 400-meter contour lines were marked by the legend of steep cliffs, so a canyon with steep sides appeared between the two contour lines. Correct.

The contour lines of 16 and 3 10/0m are located below the steep cliff in the figure, and some of them coincide with the legend representing the steep cliff in the figure. The gray part in the picture is the reason why the 3 10 meter contour line breaks away from the cliff legend intermittently. This gray part should be formed by sediments or prominent bedrock after the collapse of steep cliffs. Correct.

Test site: interpretation of contour topographic map.

The finishing touch of the famous teacher is based on the contour map. It is not difficult to check the contour map and judge the basic terrain types and terrain units. The key to solve this problem is to master the basic laws of isoline map. All points on the same isobar have the same height; In general, the relative height of any two adjacent contours on the contour topographic map is a constant value (vertical interval); Contours are closed curves, but some of them cannot be completely presented on another map; Contours generally do not intersect, but at the cliff, contours can overlap; The density of contour lines reflects the steep slope. The greater the distance between two contour lines, the thinner the contour lines, indicating that the slope is slow. Conversely, the steeper the slope.

(20 15? Inversion is a phenomenon that temperature rises with height under certain conditions. On a sunny night in late October of 10, the meteorological interest group of a school measured the inversion temperature in the mountainous valley in the south of China. The following figure shows the time-space average results of inversion in Beijing area obtained by our group many times. Complete the following questions.

9, the following description about inversion characteristics, the correct is ().

A, the intensity of near-surface inversion is larger, and it weakens upward; B. The intensity of inversion reaches the maximum at midnight, and then decreases.

C inversion occurs before sunset and disappears before sunrise. D, the strong inversion temperature increases slowly in the first half of the night and slows down rapidly in the second half of the night.

10, the main reason why the upper limit peak of inversion layer lags behind the upper limit peak of strong inversion layer in time is ()

A, there are diurnal differences in the absorption of ground radiation by the atmosphere; B, the atmospheric scattering reflection height is different.

C, there is a time difference d in the heat transfer between the upper and lower air, and there is a time difference in the reflectivity of the underlying surface.

9. Answer

10、C

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Test analysis:

9. Look at the picture. According to the curve in the picture, the upper bound of inversion temperature and the upper bound of strong inversion temperature, it is judged that the intensity of inversion near the ground is relatively large, and it decreases upward, one pair. The lowest temperature in a day is before sunrise, so the intensity of inversion reaches its maximum before sunrise and then weakens. B is wrong. The inversion phenomenon appears after sunset and generally disappears after sunrise. C is wrong. Reading the picture, according to the curve, the strong inversion temperature rises quickly in the first half of the night and slows down in the second half of the night, and D is wrong.

10, the main reason why the upper bound peak of inversion layer lags behind the upper bound peak of strong inversion layer in time is that ground radiation is the main direct heat source of the atmosphere, and there is a time difference in heat transfer between the upper and lower air. There are differences between day and night in the absorption of ground radiation by the atmosphere, differences in the height of atmospheric scattering reflection, and differences in the reflectivity of the underlying surface in time. A, b and d are all wrong.

Location of test center: inversion phenomenon and characteristics, factors affecting the peak time of the upper bound of inversion layer.

According to the phenomenon that the temperature rises with height under certain conditions, it should be noted that the lower curve in the figure indicates that the inversion temperature is strong, while the upper curve is relatively weak. Tropospheric gas decreases with the increase of altitude, and the inversion is mainly due to the rapid cooling near the ground, which leads to a stable atmospheric structure that cools down and warms up. When there is solar radiation during the day, the ground temperature rises and the inversion gradually disappears. So the strongest inversion occurs around sunrise. When the ground radiates, the main direct heat source of the atmosphere has a time difference in heat transfer, so the strong inversion layer near the ground reaches the peak first.

(20 15? The chart below shows the daily variation of solar radiation received on the horizontal plane of unit area in the middle and upper atmosphere with latitude in a year, and the unit is MJ/m2. Shaded parts in the figure indicate that there is no solar radiation. Complete the following questions.

32. In the picture, M Day is closest to ()

A, vernal equinox B, summer solstice C, autumn equinox D, winter solstice.

33. The main factor affecting the difference of solar radiation between A and B is ().

A, sun height b, day length c, land and sea position d, weather conditions

32.B

33.A

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Test analysis:

As can be seen from the picture, it is the northern hemisphere. As mentioned in the stem, the shaded part in the figure indicates that there is no solar radiation. As we all know, the area without solar radiation is the Arctic Circle and its northern region. According to the law of latitude change and range change in the area without solar radiation, the origin and the rightmost date of the graph should be winter solstice, and so on. The date at A is the vernal equinox, the date at M is the summer solstice, and the date at B is the autumnal equinox, so B is correct.

33. The factors affecting solar radiation are as follows: ① Latitude position: at low latitude, the solar altitude angle is large at noon, the distance of solar radiation passing through the atmosphere is short, it is less weakened by the atmosphere, and the solar radiation reaching the ground is strong; On the contrary, it is weak. (2) Weather conditions: On sunny days, because there are few and thin clouds, the atmosphere has a weak weakening effect on solar radiation, and the solar radiation reaching the ground is strong; In rainy weather, because the clouds are thick and rich, the atmosphere has a strong weakening effect on solar radiation, so the solar radiation reaching the ground is weak. (3) Altitude: the altitude is high, the air is thin, and the atmosphere has a weak weakening effect on solar radiation, so the solar radiation reaching the ground is strong; On the contrary, it is weak. 4. Sunshine length: long sunshine time leads to strong solar radiation, while short sunshine time leads to weak solar radiation. In the summer half year, the days at high latitudes are long, which makes up for the energy lost at low solar altitude. So rule out c first; According to the analysis of the above problems, when ab is directly exposed to the equator by the sun, there is no problem of global day and night sunshine duration, and the weather situation can't be judged by D. From the figure, it can be clearly seen that different latitudes of ab lead to different heights of the sun, and the latitude of A is lower than that of B, so when the sun is directly exposed to the equator, it is close to the straight latitude, and the height of the sun is high, so it is less weakened by the atmosphere, so the solar radiation is strong, so A is correct.

Test center: to investigate the factors that affect solar radiation, aiming at examining students' ability to obtain and interpret information.

The finishing touch of the famous teacher is based on the daily variation of solar radiation received on the horizontal plane of unit area in the middle and upper atmosphere with latitude in a year. It is difficult to examine students' ability to look at pictures, obtain information and interpret information, and to examine students' comprehensive analysis ability of solar radiation influencing factors. Question 1, the key is to find a breakthrough, according to? The shaded part in the picture indicates that there is no solar radiation? It shows that during this period, the arctic circle and its northern region appeared extreme night phenomenon, including the winter solstice, so it can be inferred that the latest day in the picture is the summer solstice; The second problem can be analyzed by exclusion method combined with options. The solar radiation at point A is greater than that at point B, and there are only two latitude differences in the figure. Other land and sea locations and weather conditions are uncertain, so you can quickly infer that A's answer is correct.

(20 15? Figure 4 shows the contour distribution of a certain place. The strata from Valley A to Valley B and Valley C are all from old to new. Look at the picture and complete the following questions.

9. The geological structure and landform of X in the picture are most likely ().

A. anticlinal valley B. Anticline Mountain C. Syncline Valley D. Syncline Mountain

10. If River A is connected with a tributary of River C, the place where the flow increases obviously is ().

A.① B.② C. ③ D.④

Answer 9. A 10。 B

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Test analysis:

9. According to the analysis of the relationship between the old and new strata, X belongs to the old middle part and the new wings, which is judged as anticline, and belongs to the valley according to the geomorphological analysis, so X belongs to anticlinal valley. So choose a.

10. According to the contour analysis, at the intersection of two tributaries, the terrain of River C is higher, and the river should flow from River C to River A, and ② it is located in the lower reaches, so the water volume will increase obviously; However, ① ④ is located in the upstream, and the water quantity remains unchanged; ③ Located in the lower reaches of the C River, the water quantity will be reduced. So choose B.

Test sites: geological structure, contour lines.

The famous teacher emphasized judging anticline and syncline according to the relationship between old and new strata. The anticline is old in the middle layer and new in the wings. Syncline is new in the middle layer and new in both wings. According to contour lines, the topographic names are explained as follows: ① Peak: also known as peak and mountain. In the contour topographic map, if the contour value is high in the middle and low around, the middle is the mountain. ② Ridge: In the contour topographic map, the contour curves from high to low. (3) Valley: In contour topographic map, contour curves from low to high. ④ Basin: In the contour topographic map, if the contour value is low in the middle and high around, the middle is a basin. ⑤ Saddle: In the contour topographic map, the relatively low position between two adjacent mountains. ⑥ Steep cliff: the intersection of contours in contour topographic map ⑥ Steep slope and gentle slope: In the same contour topographic map, dense contours are steep slopes; Sparse contour is a gentle slope. In different contour topographic maps, it should be determined according to the scale.

(20 15? Guangdong volume) 1. Digital elevation model is a virtual representation of terrain, which can describe the ground elevation information. Figure 1 is a digital elevation model of a tourist area. The widest view of the observation deck in A, B, C and D is probably ().

A，A B，B C，C D，D

Answer c

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Test and analysis: According to the legend information, the brighter the color, the higher the altitude, which is the highest altitude in C, which is the highest point in the illustrated area. The observation deck is located here with the widest view, while A, B and D are located in valleys or hillsides, blocked by peaks on both sides, with poor view.

Test location: topographic map.

It is not difficult for a famous teacher to make the finishing touch, which is an intuitive problem. According to the digital elevation model, the terrain characteristics and terrain fluctuation in this area are judged. The problem of looking straight can be judged by making a topographic profile. Draw a straight line from the projection point of the observation point to the projection point of the target point on the topographic profile. If the straight line is not cut off by any ground object, it means that looking straight is good, otherwise you can't look straight. As shown in the figure below, it is determined by point s? Point c? Draw a straight line, and the straight line is not cut off by any ground object, which shows that it is intuitive and good. And what about B in the picture? Located in the shadow area, it means that point S can't look directly at point B, so village B doesn't look directly at point S. ..

From the top of the mountain to all directions, the contour line is dense first and then sparse. Why? Concave slope? ; Contours are sparse first and then dense, right? Convex slope? ,? Convex slope? It's easy to block people's sight.

(20 15? A mineral formed in the upper slow asthenosphere and then reached the surface with magmatic activity. This mineral is found in the magmatic rocks and river beach sediments of the ancient volcano shown in Figure 2. Read the pictures and answer questions 3-4.

3. The geological process that makes minerals reach the beach sediments from the upper mantle asthenosphere should be () in turn.

A. Fracture weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition of magmatic eruption rocks

B. Fault transportation, sedimentary weathering and erosion of magmatic eruption strata

C eruption, weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition of rock fault magma

D eruption, transportation, sedimentary weathering and erosion of rock fault magma

4. Compare the volcanic slope drawn in the profile with the actual volcanic slope ()

A.it has become steep. B. it's getting slow. C.it hasn't changed. This is impossible to judge.

Answer 3. C 4 explosive A

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Test analysis:

3. First, the stratum is fractured, and then the minerals in the asthenosphere of the upper mantle rise to the surface along the fault, which is called magmatic eruption, forming magmatic rocks, and then weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition in turn under the action of external forces, forming floodplain deposits. So choose C.

4. In the figure, the ordinate unit is meters, and the abscissa unit is kilometers. The scales of the two are quite different, so the slope of the volcanic profile is larger than the actual slope. So choose a.

Location of test center This topic mainly investigates the influence of magmatic activity and external force on surface morphology and the interpretation of topographic profile.

The finishing touch of the master is that magma comes from the asthenosphere of the upper mantle, invades upward along cracks at high temperature and high pressure, ejects the surface, cools and solidifies to form magmatic rocks; Under the action of external force, all kinds of rocks exposed on the surface are weathered and broken first, and then eroded by external force, so that the broken rocks leave their original places and are transported to other areas, and finally deposit to form loose sediments, which are solidified into rocks and form sedimentary rocks.

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