How to grow potatoes in greenhouses in Tengzhou, Shandong

Potato seedling stage (seedling emergence and budding stage) management is a key stage of potato field management and a critical period for laying the foundation for high yield. It is directly related to the later growth of potatoes. Below is the greenhouse potato planting method in Tengzhou, Shandong that I have carefully compiled for you. Let’s take a look.

How to grow potatoes in greenhouses in Tengzhou, Shandong

1. Break the film in time

20-25 days after sowing, the seedlings will gradually cover the film, and the film should be broken on a sunny day Release seedlings. Note: When breaking the membrane, you must adhere to the principle of releasing seedlings as soon as they are seen, and resolutely avoid heat damage and burning of seedlings.

2. Temperature adjustment in the shed

The optimal temperature for the growth of potato stems and leaves during the seedling stage is 15-20°C. Therefore, the temperature in the shed should be adjusted appropriately to keep the daytime temperature at 15-20°C and the nighttime temperature at 12-15°C. When the temperature reaches 20°C in mid-March, the shed film will be opened for ventilation at 9 a.m. every day and closed at 4 p.m. Note: When venting, pay attention to openings along the wind. The vents should be from small to large to prevent cold wind from flashing in large vents.

3. Appropriate watering

For the seedling stage, appropriate soil moisture is required. It should be moderately dry in the first half of the period, and then kept moist. The principle is no drought or watering. Generally, water should be irrigated in time after the plant height reaches 18cm to keep the soil moisture content at 60%-70% of the field water capacity. Note: Adopt the principle of small water and frequent irrigation when watering, and do not overflow the top of the ridge every time. If there is too much water during this period, it will hinder the development of the root system and reduce the ability to resist drought; if there is insufficient water, the plant will grow slowly and the leaves will be small and short.

4. Check and replenish seedlings

The central task of field management after emergence is to ensure that the seedlings are complete, neat and strong. Seedlings should be checked and replenished immediately after emergence. The first method of reseeding is to select sprouted potato pieces and sow whole potatoes, sow them deeply and cover them shallowly to facilitate early emergence. Second, in order to keep the seedlings together, it is best to use the method of dividing the seedlings and replanting them, that is, if the seedlings have multiple stems in one hole, the excess ones can be pulled out and planted. It is best to bring a small piece of mother potato or young roots to make it easier to survive. The third is to pull out diseased and dead seedlings in time and remove them outside the garden to prevent pathogens from infecting healthy plants again.

5. Promote roots and strengthen seedlings

The number and strength of the potato root system is directly related to whether the plant grows strong and lush, and has a direct impact on the yield and quality of potato tubers. . The growth of potato plants requires the absorption of a large amount of nutrients and water from the soil. The development and absorption capacity of the root system determines the robustness of potato plant growth and the yield and quality of tubers. Potatoes generally sprout first and then grow roots. If the root system grows slowly, it will lead to poor sprouting growth, thin stems, weak disease resistance, and vulnerability to soil-borne diseases such as black mole disease and black shank. Therefore, promoting potato root development and improving root absorptive capacity are the keys to high quality and high yield of potatoes. After the potatoes emerge, applying water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids (such as Guoguang Genbao 600-800 times foliar spray) can promote the development of the root system and make the roots multiple and strong.

6. Cultivating and weeding, and cultivating soil in stages

Potato soil cultivation can increase the number of nodes buried under the soil, increase the number of stolons, form more and larger tubers, and prevent drought. The borders are cracked and the tubers are exposed to light, causing the potato skins to turn blue. In the seedling stage, when the plant height is about 10 to 15 centimeters, the first proper soil cultivation should be carried out in combination with cultivating and weeding, so that the hoeing can penetrate the back of the ridge and close to the ridge eyes to remove all the weeds without damaging the roots and seedlings; when the seedling height is about 25 centimeters, Carry out a second cultivating and soil cultivation at 5 to 7 cm to increase the permeability of the soil and promote root growth.

7. Prevent low-temperature freeze damage

Potatoes are often affected by late spring freeze damage, which seriously causes frostbite and frost death of potatoes. The following measures can be adopted in cultivation: 1. Cover with grass for heat preservation: during cold waves Before the frost arrives, cover the potato plants with grass to keep them warm and prevent frost damage. 2. Nutrition + regulation: Improve cold resistance and promote growth; spray water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids + triacontanol (such as Xinshimei + Youfeng) before or after the late spring cold to enhance cytoplasmic fluidity and improve potato growth. Cold resistance, improve leaf photosynthesis, promote the growth of new leaves, and promote the rapid recovery of damaged plants.

8. Prevention and control of pests and diseases

Focus on prevention and timely control of pests and diseases. The main diseases of seedlings in the budding stage include black mole disease, early blight, late blight, black shank, etc. Black mole disease has occurred more frequently on potatoes in the past two years, especially when the ground temperature is low and the humidity is high during the seedling stage, seriously affecting the growth of potato seedlings. For black mole disease, you can use 30% Hymexazine aqueous solution (such as Guoguang Double Crop Bao) for sprinkler or drip irrigation in the seedling stage (seedling height 10-20cm), which can effectively control the occurrence of black mole disease. In addition, if there is continuous rainy weather for more than a week, late blight is likely to occur. Prevention of late blight should be given priority. After the emergence rate reaches 95%, use mancozeb and metalaxyl mancozeb for prevention. Start spraying at the early stage of the disease. Use metalaxyl, dimethomorph, cymoxanil and other chemicals once every 7 to 10 days, and control them 2 to 3 times continuously. You can also use Guoguang Sanzhi (50% manganese zinc? flumorpholine) 80-107g/mu Spray for control. For early blight, agents such as chlorothalonil and mancozeb can be used for prevention. In the early stages of the disease, agents such as difenoconazole and tebuconazole can be used for prevention and treatment.

Bacterial diseases such as black shank can be prevented by using agricultural streptomycin, kasugamycin, copper preparations and other chemicals. If diseased plants are found, they should be removed outside the garden in a timely manner. The main pests of potatoes during this period include aphids, 28-star ladybugs, wireworms, cutworms, etc. Aphids and thrips can be controlled with imidacloprid, acetamiprid and other chemicals; ladybugs and underground pests can be controlled with cypermethrin plus emamectin. Greenhouse Potato Cultivation Technology

1. Seed Selection and Plot Selection

All potatoes with reserved seeds should be harvested when the plants are just blooming (late April), and selected after harvesting. It should be laid flat in a cool, ventilated and attic place to prevent snow from falling on it and rodents. The general selection criteria are: early maturity, medium size, 32 to 34 seeds per 1kg, smooth and white skin, obvious buds, and no pests or diseases. Generally, it is advisable to choose sandy soil with flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, fertile and loose soil, and good permeability for planting. Fields (fields) that have not been planted with solanaceous crops or rice before are the best.

2 Preparing the land, applying base fertilizer and setting up sheds to make borders

After harvesting the late rice, deeply plow the selected plot once. Before sowing, apply base fertilizer and then rake it finely. Apply 37.5t of decomposed pig and cattle manure per hm2 and 300~450kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. After many deep plowing and thinning of the field, surrounding ditches, waist ditches and ditches between sheds were dug to facilitate operation and drainage and irrigation. If the original shed planting plot is used, 1500kg of quicklime is required for every 1hm2, and the shed must be sterilized before sowing. The main material used to build the shed as a border is mangosteen. The width of the shed bottom is 4.3~4.5m, the arc of the shed is 6.3m, and the height of the shed is 1.7~1.8m. Make two borders in the shed, each border is 2m wide, the middle ditch in the shed is 35cm, and the operating ditch between the sheds is 70cm. The length of the shed depends on the size of the field. Generally, 30 to 45 greenhouses can be built per 1hm2.

3 Sowing at the right time

The sowing period is from January 24th to 28th, and the seeding rate is 1800~2250kg per 1hm2. If sowing in dry land, 22.5~30.0kg of carbofuran or 225kg of rapeseed cake should be applied to the seedbed every 1hm2 to prevent underground pests such as earthworms and mole crickets. Pesticides are not required for those grown in paddy fields. According to the standard of planting about 75,000 plants in 1hm2, dig holes for direct seeding. Generally, the distance between plants is 20~24cm, the distance between rows is about 60cm, and diagonal holes are dug. When sowing, place the potato seeds that have sprouted about 7cm diagonally in the center of the hole. The depth depends on the length of the seed potato buds. After the seedlings are sown in the hole, cover them with nutritious soil. The thickness of the covering soil should be such that no seedlings can be seen. The nutritious soil formula is: 525~675kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, add about 5t of retting chicken manure, add 1.5t of plant ash, and add 70 % of field fine soil, mix thoroughly and then cover the holes one by one.

　4 Fertilizer and water management

Temperature management of greenhouse potatoes is not very important. As long as you pay attention to removing the film in the morning and evening and adjust it slightly, you can meet the growth needs. However, the quality of fertilizer and water management will directly affect the growth needs. affect its presentation period. Therefore, the shed should be kept in a shed for about 10 days from early sowing to seedling emergence to maintain soil temperature and humidity in the shed to promote early emergence of seedlings. When more than 70% of the seedlings have emerged, start to let the air cool down. Generally, all the seedlings can emerge 10 to 15 days after sowing. After the seedlings emerge, choose shallow loose soil on sunny days to weed. Apply fertilizer once to strengthen the seedlings, and it is also a high-yield scaffolding fertilizer. Apply urea every 1hm2. Potassium sulfate 105~120kg to water 7.5t. After fertilizing, cover about 25 tons of pig and cattle manure between the rows in time to retain moisture and loosen the soil. When the seedlings grow large leaves (15~20cm) or about 20 days after emergence, apply 150kg of potassium sulfate, 105~120kg of urea, and 7.5t of water. In the later stage, determine whether there is a fertilizer deficiency based on the leaf color of the plant. According to practice, when the leaves of the above-ground part of the plant are dark green, 225kg of potassium fertilizer can be applied every 1hm2; if the branches of the above-ground part of the plant are golden yellow and thick, no additional fertilizer is needed.

　5 Pest and Disease Control

Judging from the practice of open-field planting of rice fields and greenhouse potatoes in our county in recent years, in addition to spraying pesticides to prevent and control underground pests in seedbeds and sowing, it is generally very Less disease occurs. Facts have proven that you only need to spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture 1 to 2 times without using other pesticides, and you can still get better harvests and economic benefits.