What function does the human gallbladder have?

The physiological function of bile is to store and excrete bile; The second is the main decision.

Gallbladder stores and excretes bile, which is related to the digestion and absorption function of the small intestine and participates in the "transportation" of the six fu-organs, so gallbladder is one of the six fu-organs. However, the gallbladder meridian does not contain water valleys and conducts turbid qi, which is different from other viscera. Gallbladder is the essence of bile, so gall belongs to a strange and constant family.

1. Bile storage and excretion

"Lingshu Benbo" said: "The bold is the home of the elite." "Forty-two Difficult Classics" said: "Essence and juice are three in one." It shows that gallbladder has the function of storing bile. Bile is produced by the essence of the liver. For example, the book "Oriental Medicine" says: "The excess of the liver overflows the gallbladder and concentrates on the essence." The liver produces bile continuously, while bile is excreted intermittently to the small intestine. Obviously, the two processes of production and excretion are not synchronous, so bile bears the function of storing bile. The purpose of storage is to regulate the relationship between bile production and excretion. Therefore, storage is for the need of excretion, which is temporary.

There is a pipeline above the gallbladder that communicates with the liver, and the liver gasifies to produce bile, which then flows into the gallbladder through this pipeline; There is a tube below the bile that communicates with the small intestine. With the need of digestion, bile is excreted into the small intestine through this pipe to help digest food and drink. Qing Wu Jutong said in the book "On Medical Diseases and Urine": "The gallbladder has no way out, and the small intestine is the way out." "Medical Notes Western Medical Experience" said: "Xu Ling's annotation on Shennong's Herbal Classics is interpreted as' wood can dredge soil', which means that the liver and gallbladder belong to wood and the spleen and stomach belong to soil. Xu's theory that "wood can dredge soil" means that the liver and gallbladder can help digestion, and bile can help digestion in the small intestine. " So bile excreted by bile can help the digestion of certain foods.

Only when the gallbladder and viscera are unobstructed can the function of storing and excreting bile be carried out normally. Obstruction of gallbladder and viscera will inevitably lead to poor bile excretion. The main factors of bile duct obstruction are damp-heat, blood stasis, sand worms, direct blockage of pipelines, or bile duct spasm caused by qi disorder, which leads to pathological changes of bile duct obstruction and hypochondriac pain. Because bile plays a special role in digestion and diet, poor bile excretion will affect digestive function, resulting in anorexia, greasy, abdominal distension, constipation or diarrhea. Bile goes up, showing bitter taste, nausea, vomiting, yellow, green and bitter water. Jaundice occurs when bile overflows the skin.

Bile excretion is also related to the liver. The liver regulates qi activity through the function of relieving qi, so that bile is smooth and bile is smooth. Therefore, the catharsis function of the liver directly controls and regulates the secretion and excretion of bile. Normal liver drainage, smooth bile excretion and normal digestive function. If the liver fails to excrete, it will lead to unfavorable bile excretion. Cholestasis and qi deficiency of liver and gallbladder lead to liver and gallbladder diseases and digestive and absorption diseases. Therefore, there is a saying that "the liver and gallbladder are the same as the main drain".

Step 2 make a bold decision

"On the Secret Code of Su Wenling's Orchid" said: "He who is brave is the official of Zhongzheng, and he decides what to do." The so-called righteousness means justice, integrity and decisiveness. Courage dominates decision-making, that is, courage has the function of judging things and making decision-making measures. The concept of gallbladder, like other viscera, has one side related to parenchymal organs, such as gallbladder, which stores and excretes bile; On the other hand, the classification of some functions requires images and analogies, such as the courage to make decisions, which belongs to the category of mental activities.

The decisive function of gallbladder plays an important role in resisting and eliminating the adverse effects of some mental stimuli (such as panic and sudden death), regulating the normal operation of qi and blood, and maintaining the coordinated relationship between viscera. Changes in natural environment and social factors, especially severe mental stimulation, will affect the normal activities of viscera, qi and blood. People with strong courage are affected by sudden stimuli, but the impact is light and they recover quickly; People with weak gallbladder often get sick because of this. This reflects that gallbladder has the function of maintaining the relative stability of spirit and qi and blood activities of viscera.

Brave determination is closely related to the control of mind by heart. "On the Secret Code of Su Xiangling's Orchid" said: "The heart is the official of the monarch, and the god is external. ..... The courageous officials of Chiang Kai-shek decided what to do. " Although the heart is in charge of people's mental activities, other organs are also involved, and different organs play different roles. Heart plays a leading role in mental activities, while gallbladder plays a decisive role. The connection between gallbladder and heart is not only due to the trinity of heart and gallbladder (difficult menstruation), but also because the meridians of gallbladder "return to the liver and penetrate the heart" (meridian differentiation), and mainly due to the cooperation between the main and auxiliary parts of the heart. God is hidden in the heart, and the Lord of God is in the heart; Courage dominates decision-making, and some psychological activities rely on courage. Consciously, the two complement each other and use each other. Clinically, if gallbladder disease occurs, bile will disturb the mind, causing palpitations, anxiety, drowsiness or insomnia. For example, "Syndrome of Pathogenic Zang-fu Organs Caused by Lingshu" says: "People with gallbladder diseases are good at breathing more, bitter in mouth, vomiting juice, uncomfortable in their hearts, and afraid of being arrested." Therefore, clinically, heart disease with palpitation can be treated from gallbladder; Gallbladder disease, trembling and madness, especially when treating the heart.

The function of gallbladder governing decision-making is actually related to the consideration of governing liver. "On Su Wenling's Secret Code" said: "The liver is the official of the general, so we must think about it. Those who are brave and brave, the officials of Chiang Kai-shek, decide how. " Bing Wang pointed out: "Courage can be broken, so it is called general latent hair, so think about it." "Integrity and decisiveness, so the official is Chiang Kai-shek; Straight but not doubtful, so I decided to make a decision. "Consideration, that is, the thinking process of thinking planning, comparison and identification, analysis and reasoning, cannot be put into practice, but only through decision-making can decisions be made on the behavior of the above thinking process. This kind of decision requires male chauvinism. The qi of liver and gallbladder belongs to wood, the liver belongs to body yin, and the gallbladder uses yang. Thinking is yin and decision-making is yang. Planning comes from the liver and decision-making comes from courage. Therefore, gallbladder is the only way to seek the liver, just as Classic and Zangxiang said: "gallbladder is attached to the liver, and it is the same as the outside. Although liver qi is strong, it is not gallbladder, and courage is successful. "Therefore, boldness and determination make people act boldly and correctly. Lack of courage, poor manners, although thoughtful, but unable to decide, things are difficult to achieve in the end. Therefore, Su Wen's Theory of Ice Cream also said: "The liver and the stomach must also be swallowed according to the gallbladder. This person is indecisive, so he is timid and bitter. " Bing Wang pointed out: "The liver and gallbladder are in harmony, and the qi is interlinked, so consideration must be based on bravery. The pharynx corresponds to the gallbladder, so the pharynx is awkward. "Clinically, indecisive people are mostly liver and gallbladder diseases, so the method of treating liver and gallbladder together is applied.

Brave determination also reflects the rise and fall of righteousness. Only those who are righteous and full of inner spirit can be "courageous and resourceful", make decisive decisions and act boldly. Because healthy qi can resist external evil, the strength of bile indicates the rise and fall of healthy qi and the strength of human body's ability to resist evil. People have determination and courage, and their physiological functions are in a vigorous state; If you can't make a decision, your physiological function will be in a calm or depressed state. This different physiological reaction has an important influence on the prevention and treatment of diseases. Su Wen's Theory of Meridian Differentiation points out: "The fear of mortals and the quietness of work are all changes. ..... When the time comes, the brave will be brave, and those who are afraid will get sick. " Courage here embodies the power of courage. It not only shows the strength of human disease resistance, but also reflects the functional state of human viscera and the ups and downs of qi and blood operation.

3. eleven dirty depend on gallbladder

Eleven dirty depends on bravery, and there is a sentence in Su Wen's Six Paragraphs on Tibetan Elephants: "What about Tibetan Elephants? ..... Every eleven Tibetans rely on courage. " Eleven viscera depend on gallbladder, and there are different notes in past dynasties, mainly including the following:

First of all, explain it with brave determination. For example, Bing Wang's annotation "Six Tibetan Elephants in Su Wen" said: "From heart to bravery, it is eleven. However, those who are brave are just selfless, so all the dirty things depend on courage. " Although this is enlightening, it needs further elaboration.

Secondly, it is explained by the qi of bravery governing spring. This attaches importance to the lifting function of Yang. Although the liver and gallbladder belong to the same wood, it mainly rises and falls in spring, but the liver is yin and the gallbladder is yang. For example, in Spleen and Stomach Theory, Spleen and Stomach Deficiency and Cold and Spleen Deficiency, Rugao said: "If you are timid, you will have less qi in spring, and if the qi rises in spring, you will be safe. Therefore, if the gallbladder rises in spring, the rest of the viscera will also rise, so the eleven viscera must depend on the gallbladder. " That is to say, it emphasizes the role of gallbladder meridian in clearing away profits and promoting hair growth. The view of Chongyang in Neijing is not only reflected in Su Wen's theory of "six books", but also more obvious in Su Wen's theory of "anger reaching the sky". For example, "the sun is in the sky, and if it loses its position, it will lose its life, so the sky should be bright with the sun." "Where Yin and Yang are important, Yang is stable." At the same time, the theory of fire also attaches great importance to bravery. The theory of viscera diseases due to blood syndrome says: "The gallbladder is connected with the liver, the fire is propagated in the triple energizer, and the phase is in the gallbladder and viscera. ..... If the gallbladder is on fire, if it is not strong, it will be the wood gas that clears the yang and raises the stomach. " This links the qi of the gallbladder governing the Qing Yang with the fire in a foreign land. It can be seen that gallbladder controls the excitement of yang and participates in the rotation mechanism of yang, including the entry and exit of qi from viscera, and gallbladder has its regulating function. However, Li Lian commented on Su Wenju's Theory of Pain, saying: "Liver wood is the order of spring rising." It shows that the liver also governs the qi of spring, not the gallbladder and fu organs.

Third, explain it by helping evil with bile. For example, Cheng quoted "Medical Reference" as saying: "The brave will stop, and the fearful will stay sick. It is best to bypass the text. What mortals fear is also true. If they were not afraid of strong winds, they wouldn't be hurt by the wind. Not afraid of cold and heat, not cold and heat; Don't stay when you are full. Strong spirit and courage, evil can't be done, so it is said that eleven dirty things depend on courage. " The so-called "qi is strong and courageous, and evil cannot be made" in medical reference is difficult to match with the classical meaning, because the strength of courage, timidity and righteousness is not only related to gallbladder, but also to concentric, liver and other dirty things.

Fourth, it is explained by bravery dominating exterior and interior and reaching yin and yang. For example, the Analogy Sutra and the Zangxiang Sutra say: "Foot shaoyang is a sutra of half exterior and half interior, also known as the official of Zhengzheng and the fu-organs of Qiheng, so it can reach Yin and Yang, and the eleven dirty things depend on it." This note is based on the meridian of foot shaoyang, but although the meridian belongs to viscera, the two are different after all, so the note is a bit far-fetched.

Recently, some people think that "eleven dirty things depend on bravery", that is, all eleven dirty things are determined by bravery, which is the same as "the brave, the power officer decides things" in Su Wen Linglan Secret Book. The decisive function of gallbladder on viscera is mainly aimed at mental activities; Gallbladder determines eleven viscera by influencing the mind.

In addition, some people also questioned the statement that "eleven viscera depend on gallbladder" in Neijing and the explanation of later generations. It is considered that if "eleven viscera depend on gallbladder", we should expand the function of gallbladder at will and raise its status, which is contrary to the original intention of Neijing. So I questioned whether it was an essay or a typo, and put forward an corrigendum.

The above viewpoints explain "eleven zang-organs depend on gallbladder", but it is still difficult to unify their understanding at present, which needs further discussion by scholars.

Gallbladder is a strange and unchanging viscera.

Su Wenjin Kui Yan array said: "gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder, triple energizer and six fu organs are all yang." Su Wen's Theory of Five Zangs said: "The brain, marrow, bone, pulse, gallbladder and female fetus are all born of the air of the earth, and they are hidden in the yin but like the earth, so they are hidden without diarrhea, so they are called strange and constant fu-organs." The gallbladder described in Neijing is not only one of the six fu-organs, but also a strange and constant fu-organ. The general functional feature of six fu-organs is "transmitting materials without hiding them" (Su Wen Wu Zang Lun). Gallbladder stores and excretes bile, "dissolving food and dispersing dregs" (it is difficult to pass justice. Because gallbladder has the function of "transforming medicine", it belongs to one of the six internal organs. However, the gallbladder does not directly accept Shui Gu, nor does it directly spread dross. Su Wen's theory of five internal organs said: "The stomach, large intestine, small intestine, triple energizer and bladder were born in the weather, so they diarrhea but don't hide. Because the turbid qi in the five internal organs can't last for a long time, the diarrhea is also lost, so it is called expanding the fu-organs." It is pointed out that the gallbladder is different from other five fu organs (that is, the fu organs that convey the spirit). The bile stored in the gallbladder is called "semen" and the gallbladder has the function of "storing essence and gas". For example, Neijing and Zangxiang said, "However, gallbladder is one of the six internal organs, which is different from other internal organs." Therefore, it belongs to qi-constant fu-organs.

However, in modern times, some people think that the six fu-organs are characterized by "melting without hiding", the odd and constant fu-organs are characterized by "hiding without diarrhea" and the gallbladder is an "amphibious home", that is, they belong to both the six fu-organs and the odd and constant fu-organs. These two completely opposite characteristics should not appear in the same organ. In the original text of Neijing, it comes from the same article, namely "Su Wen Wu Zang Bie Lun". This contradictory phenomenon can only show that there must be some mistakes in the text. It is considered that the word "gallbladder" about strange and constant fu-organs in the original text of Su Wen Wu Zang Lun was copied by mistake. One of the reasons is that the strangeness of odd and constant fu-organs means that there is no compatible spouse, and other fu-organs in odd and constant fu-organs all conform to this definition, while gallbladder and liver combine to form a pair of exterior-interior relationship of yin and yang, which is consistent with the exterior-interior relationship of other fu-organs. It must be excreted under the action of liver qi, similar to the storage and excretion of urine by bladder. The bladder "accumulates body fluid" and is "gasified and excreted" under the action of kidney qi. So the gallbladder should belong to the bladder. The third is: Clinically, bile should not be "hidden without diarrhea". If it is really "hiding without diarrhea", it should be blood stasis as a disease, leading to hypochondriac pain and jaundice. Fourthly, there are female cells in the Qi-balance fu-organs, but there is no mention of the corresponding organs of men. If gallbladder is changed to "egg", which refers to male external genitalia (testis), on the one hand, it solves the problem of gallbladder's attribution, and at the same time, it supplements the defect that men have fewer strange and constant fu organs than women, making the description of male and female organs in Neijing more perfect. Fifth, the essence stored in Qi Heng's fu organs is actually transformed by kidney essence. Daughter cells and men's "eggs" are both human reproductive organs, and their hidden essence comes from the kidney. Sufficient kidney essence produces Tiangui, which in turn urges women to menstruate, and men produce semen, so that men and women have offspring.

Some people think that gallbladder should not be classified as strange and constant fu-organs, and the "gallbladder" in the strange and constant fu-organs discussed in Su Wen's Theory of Five Organs should be a mistake of "taking the Chinese style". One of the reasons is that the words "gallbladder" and "poppit" are easy to make mistakes. "Dan" is a simplified word for "Zhan", which has been used at least in the Tang Dynasty. The word "mountain" was also simplified to "brave" a long time ago. In ancient Confucian classics, the word "Zhongshan" was written as "bravery", and the word "zhong" was removed to become "bravery". Second, Zhongshan is also a "house". For example, Bing Wang's annotation on Su Wen's theory of meridian differentiation said, "The pulse is combined with essence, and the air flows in the house": "The house refers to the place where the air gathers, and it is also the air sea, between the two breasts, which is called the body." The third is: odd and constant fu-organs. Su Wen's theory of five internal organs is called "the origin of the earth's qi", and Su Wen's theory of Yang Ying's image says: "the earth's qi passes through phlegm." Also known as "Yi".

The function of gallbladder is as follows

(1) In the process of digesting the stored concentrated bile, the sphincter of bile contracts, the gallbladder expands, and a pressure gradient is generated in the biliary tract through nerve regulation. The bile secretion pressure was 2.933KPa(22 mm Hg), the hydrostatic pressure of common bile duct was1.46 kPa (11mm Hg), and the internal pressure of gallbladder was 0.400 ~ 0. 933 kPa (3 ~ 7 mm Hg). Due to the pressure difference, liver bile enters the gallbladder. Bile storage mainly occurs on an empty stomach at night, but the sphincter is not completely closed and some bile still enters the small intestine. It is reported that only 50% bile enters the gallbladder on an empty stomach.

The volume of gallbladder is about 50 ml, and the storage of bile is increased by its concentration function. By absorbing 90% of the water in bile, about 500% ml of bile can be stored, and most of the bile acid pool can be stored in it. The research shows that the reverse electrochemical gradient absorption of sodium chloride by gallbladder mucosa is the function of sodium pump, and then the osmotic pressure difference is generated to absorb water, so that bile is concentrated by 5 ~ 20 times.

Gallbladder mucosa can absorb free bilirubin, free bile acid and lecithin, but the absorption of cholesterol is very limited. It has almost no absorption effect on bound bilirubin and bound bile acid.

Gallbladder contrast agent is secreted into liver and bile through liver cells and is not absorbed after entering gallbladder. After concentration, the gallbladder can be developed under X-ray, but it will not be developed when the gallbladder concentration function is damaged or the cystic duct is blocked. The damage of gallbladder mucosa increases the absorption of contrast agent, which is also a factor that gallbladder does not develop. The PH value of gallbladder bile is lower than that of liver bile, which is due to the secretion of H+ and H+-Na+ exchange by gallbladder mucosa. It may also be that the gallbladder mucosa absorbed HCO3-, which acidified the gallbladder bile.

(2) Emptying bile Gallbladder emptying also requires the interaction between gallbladder and common bile duct sphincter. When bile is emptied, gallbladder smooth muscle contracts and sphincter relaxes.

The hydrostatic pressure of gallbladder is about 0.863KPa(8.8 mm Hg), which is not significantly different from that of common bile duct. After eating 1 min, the gallbladder pressure rose to 1.363KPa( 13.9 mm Hg). After 2 minutes, about 1.5 ml bile flowed into the duodenum, and then the gallbladder pressure dropped and the bile stopped flowing. This is caused by vagal nerve excitation. After about 7 minutes, when the food enters the duodenum, the bile flow reappears and enters a stable state, and about 0.6 ml of bile is discharged every minute, and the gallbladder pressure increases for about 90 minutes. The second reaction is mainly the role of cholecystokinin, which is produced in the small intestine when food stimulates the duodenum. Cholecystokinin can contract gallbladder and relax sphincter of common bile duct. The maximum output of gallbladder is about 27 ml, and the minimum is 8 ml, and it is rarely completely emptied.

The gallbladder secretes about 20 ml of mucus every day. The main component of mucus is mucin, which is a milky alkaline liquid and plays a role in protecting and lubricating gallbladder mucosa. When the cystic duct is blocked, bilirubin in bile is absorbed, and the mucus content increases, and the appearance is white bile. When the secretion of calcium salt increases, it can be manifested as calcium bile under X-ray.

(3) Adjusting the biliary tract pressure The gallbladder can adjust the biliary tract pressure, and the biliary tract pressure will not increase after 4 hours of common bile duct obstruction. However, after cholecystectomy, the common bile duct expands, the sphincter of the common bile duct weakens, the bile duct wall thickens, and the mucus glands increase to adapt to more bile discharged into the intestine.

Physiological function of gallbladder

Gallbladder is the first of the six internal organs, belonging to Qiheng House. Its shape is cystic, and if it is suspended, it will attach to the short leaves of the liver. Bile is a kind of poplar, opposite to liver. The liver belongs to yin wood for viscera, and the gallbladder belongs to yang wood for viscera. Gallbladder stores and excretes bile, controls decision-making, and regulates dirty qi.

(A) the anatomy of the gallbladder

1. Anatomical position of gallbladder: The gallbladder is connected with the liver, attached between the short lobes of the liver, and the liver and gallbladder are connected by meridians.

2. Morphological structure of gallbladder: The gallbladder is a hollow cystic organ. Is the bile stored in bile pure, clean, bitter and yellow-green essence? 6? 1。 Therefore, gallbladder has "viscera of essence" ("Lingshu? 6? 1 Ben Cang), Qingfu (money goes into Fang Yao), Qingzhong (difficult classics? 6? 1 35 difficulty ").

The anatomy of gallbladder is similar to other viscera, so it is one of the six viscera. But storing essence is similar. Because of this physiological feature, the gallbladder meridian belongs to one of the strange houses.

(2) Physiological function of gallbladder

It also has the function of storing essence and qi in the five internal organs.

1. Storage and excretion of bile: Bile, also called "refined juice" and "clear juice", comes from the liver. "Excess qi of the liver is discharged into the gallbladder and condensed into essence" (pulse meridian). Bile is formed and secreted by the liver, then stored and concentrated in the bile fu-organs, and absorbed into the small intestine through bile excretion. Bile is formed by gasification of liver wood. After eating, the small intestine is full, and the gallbladder meridian is pressed hard on the head of the intestine, so that its juice flows into the small intestine to melt the food, which is convenient for the transport of dregs. For example, bile is insufficient, the thickness is indistinguishable, and the fecal color is Bai Jie without yellow "(Difficult to distinguish justice). Liver and gallbladder belong to the same line, one yin and one yang, which is consistent in appearance and appearance. "Gallbladder, the liver's fu-organs, belong to wood, and the main ascending and descending turbidity will benefit Middle-earth ("Medical Vision "). Therefore, gallbladder and fu organs also have the function of relieving qi, but the relieving qi of gallbladder depends on the relieving qi of liver qi.

Due to the catharsis of the liver, bile stored in the gallbladder and viscera is discharged and injected into the intestine to promote the digestion of food and drink. If the liver and gallbladder function is abnormal and the secretion and excretion of gallbladder are blocked, it will affect the digestive function of spleen and stomach, and there will be dyspeptic symptoms such as anorexia, abdominal distension and diarrhea. If damp heat accumulates in the liver and gallbladder, causing liver dysfunction, bile overflowing and infiltrating the skin, it is jaundice, which is manifested as yellow eyes, yellow body and yellow urine. If you are timid, you will be obedient. If the bile is unfavorable and the qi moves up and down, it may cause bitter taste, yellow-green vomiting and bitter water.

2. Subjective decision-making: bravery dominates decision-making, which means that bravery has the function of judging things and making decisions in the process of mental thinking. The determination of gallbladder is very important to prevent and eliminate the adverse effects of some mental stimuli (such as panic), maintain and control the normal operation of qi and blood, and ensure the harmonious relationship between organs. Therefore, it is said that "brave people are the officials of the dynasty, and they decide what to do" ("Su Wen? 6? 1 Linglan code theory). Mental and psychological activities are related to the decision-making function of gallbladder meridian, which can help the liver to excrete and regulate emotions. Combination of liver and gallbladder can stabilize mood and tone. For those who are bold and courageous, severe mental stimulation has little effect on them and recovers quickly. Therefore, the spirit is strong and brave, and evil cannot be done. When people with weak gallbladder are adversely affected by mental stimulation, they are easy to form diseases, such as timidity, fear, insomnia, dreaminess and other mental and emotional diseases, which can often be treated from the perspective of gallbladder. Therefore, "gallbladder is attached to the liver, and the outside of the liver is inside." Although the liver is full of qi, it is not bile. Courage combined with courage, courage is success "("classic? 6? 1 dirty elephant class).

3. Regulating the Qi of Zang-fu organs: the gallbladder meridian is combined with the liver, which helps the liver to disperse qi, so as to regulate the Qi-flow, make the Zang-fu organs inside and the muscles outside, move up and down, and go in and out vertically, in parallel, thus maintaining the coordination and balance between Zang-fu organs. If the gallbladder functions normally, all the organs will be safe and sound, so there is a saying that "eleven viscera depend entirely on the gallbladder" (Su Wen? 6? 1 six-segment dirty image theory). The so-called "eleven viscera all depend on gallbladder harmony" ("The Origin of Miscellaneous Diseases"). The human body is an organism that goes in and out of gasification. If the liver qi reaches a high level, the qi flow is smooth, and the viscera qi flow is orderly up and down, but the yin and yang are balanced and the qi and blood are harmonious: the gallbladder is the fu-organ, the liver is the dirty, the fu-organ is the main one, and the fu-organ is the subordinate one. What do you mean by "eleven dirty organs depend on gallbladder" instead of "eleven dirty organs depend on liver"? Because the liver is the yin wood, the gallbladder is the nail wood, and the yang is less in the yang. "Yang is the son of heaven and Yin is the master" ("? 6? 1 theory of yin-yang clutch). Yin is the foundation of Yang, Yang is the system of Yin, and Yang dominates Yin, that is, Yin is the same as Yang, and Yang is dominant. The gallbladder is yang wood, the liver is yin wood, and yang dominates yin, so there is a saying that "eleven viscera depend on gallbladder"

In a word, "eleven zang-organs depend on gallbladder" aims to show that in thinking activities, the liver dominates planning and the gallbladder dominates decision. The combination of liver and gallbladder does not mean that the gallbladder has the function of "governing the five internal organs and six internal organs" Bold decisions must be guided by the heart to play a normal role.

(3) Physiological characteristics of gallbladder

1. The gallbladder dominates the ascending: the gallbladder is yang in the middle and less yang, which belongs to the Oriental Mude and the Jiamu, and it dominates the ascending in spring, so it is called the gallbladder dominates the ascending. In fact, gallbladder qi dominates the ascending, which is the nature of gallbladder ascending, and it is synonymous with the liver's joy and depression. Jiazi is the first of the five movements and six qi. At that time, it should be spring, and it should be less yang in the yang. When the air rises in spring, everything is safe, which is the law of nature. Man is related to heaven and earth. In the human body, the gallbladder governs the armor, and the gallbladder rises to the wind. For example, when spring qi rises, the qi of viscera will be unobstructed. The rise of bravery dominates the rise, that is, the rise of wood, that is, the rise of wood. When gallbladder qi rises and falls normally, the qi of zang-fu organs also rises and falls normally, thus maintaining its normal physiological function. Therefore, as the saying goes, "If you are bold, your breath will rise less in spring, and your breath will rise safely.". Therefore, if you have the courage in spring, your other organs will follow. If bile does not rise, it will cause diarrhea, and intestinal obstruction will cause health "(spleen and stomach theory? 6? 1 theory of deficiency and excess of spleen and stomach.

2. Sexual happiness and tranquility: tranquility, tranquility and silence. Courage is a clean house. It likes peace and trouble. Quiet and innocent, timid and inflexible, gentle and courteous, you will get a righteous position, while timid and timely, make your own decisions. The evil lies in gallbladder, or heat, or dampness, or phlegm, or depression. If the gallbladder loses its tranquility and restlessness, its yang deficiency and mild nature and depression, it will cause vomiting, fatigue, fear, insomnia, and even fear that a person will be arrested. In clinic, Wendan decoction is used to treat deficiency, insomnia, vomiting, bitter taste and fright, aiming at restoring the peace of gallbladder qi and taking the right.