Pidao related history

In the first year of the Apocalypse (162 1), Mao was ordered by the governor of Liaodong to lead Mao, You Jinghe, Wang Fu, Chen Zhong and other 197 warriors into the enemy's rear. First, he recovered more than 2,000 miles of coastal islands such as Pig Island, Island Island Island, Changshan Island and Guanglu Island, and then captured them and bound them. There was no one in the city, so he consulted with Wang Yining, a medic, and took Chen Liangce, a Zhong Jun in Zhenjiang, as the internal force, and led hundreds of people to attack Zhenjiang at night, capturing Tong Yangzhen, the late Jin guerrilla (the grandfather of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty), his son Tong Fengnian and his nephew Song Nian, and sending Chen Zhong and others to attack Shuang Shan and capture the late Jin guerrilla seedlings alive. After this war, Kuandian, Tangzhan, Yishan and other castles surrendered to Mao one after another. For a time, "Fiona Fang was hundreds of miles away, and the surrenders came with ropes", which shocked the whole Liao Dynasty and caused great panic in the latter Jin Dynasty.

"Zhenjiang Victory" was the first victory since the Ming army attacked the late Jin Dynasty, which greatly inspired the people of the whole country. Therefore, the court promoted Mao as the deputy company commander. Commenting on the Jin War, The King of Liaodong Jinglue said: "Mao recovered Zhenjiang, captured the rebels, and the four guards shook, and the people responded. On the day the news came out, the gentry celebrated in the DPRK and the common people celebrated in the wild. Since the Qing and autumn, it has cost millions and extracted tens of thousands of troops, and it is impossible to catch one. This victory is really the sound of an empty valley, and you will know it as soon as you listen. " Ye, the first cabinet official, compared Mao to Ban Chao, a lonely hero in history. He said: "Mao is enthusiastic about recovering Zhenjiang, but he is afraid that Zhenjiang is weak and difficult to support, so he also takes a long-term view." However, the way to use soldiers is surprisingly expensive. Ban Chao has 36 people in the Western Regions, and Geng Gongshou Jing 100 people. They have all made great contributions ... Fortunately, they are hairy, and this move is slightly used. " Dong Qichang, a good friend of Yuan Keli, commented: "Mao Longwen took Zhenjiang with 200 men, escaped the rebels and gave it to the country for free, including an iron, a sokcho and a bucket of grain. It's amazing to make such a feat. You can send someone to do something! So bold, how easy is it to find a husband? There are three dragons today, slaves can be taken captive, Liao can be restored, and peace can be trapped and disturbed. " After Mao led more than 100 people to win the "Zhenjiang victory", the latter was extremely shocked and sent troops to fight back. Mao found it difficult to support the serenade and once retreated to North Korea. North Korea's envoys at that time, Zheng Zun and Park Ye, led Jin Jun to surround Mao in the forest, and the two sides fought fiercely. "Seven battles a day killed and injured the same people." Ming generals Ding and Lu Shiju died, and then the Jin army suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat.

After the war on the riverside, Mao took Pidao, Tieshan and Kuanlao mountainous areas as his stronghold, recruited Liaodong refugees, took the old and the weak as soldiers, and gradually developed into an overseas powerhouse from scratch. In June of the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), he succeeded Tao Langxian as the governor of Dengsai, and the Ming court formally appointed Mao as the company commander of the general, and signed general print to open Dongjiang before landing.

After the establishment of Dongjiang Town, Mao took care of the Liaodong people displaced by the war and helped more than one million people before and after. At the same time, sending troops out of the country, going deep into the hinterland of the late Jin Dynasty, and destroying the enemy's effective strength gradually became a big worry for the late Jin Dynasty. Later, Jin's official said, "Mao should stop the trouble as soon as possible!" As long as Long Wen does not die, there will be a day of treachery and rebellion, and the kind people will not have peace. "

Regarding the role of Dongjiang Town, Wang Zaijin, the general manager of Liaodong, said: "Without today's Mao, the so-called people who put their lives to death are also descendants. Sun Tzu's Art of War:' Calculate the dangerous distance and then hit the road.' With the risk of duck green, living by the river, Longwen has its place. The slave wanted to drive for a long time, but there was poison between his elbow and armpit. Slaves are poisonous when they move, and repeated attacks can't get rid of their poison. What about those who were left by God to control slaves? ..... How afraid a slave is of Long Wen! Chen Liangxun, a famous minister, said: "Who is leaning on the Great Wall overseas today?

Emperor Apocalypse wrote to Mao, affirming the role of Dongjiang Town. He said, "Nian Er is alone overseas, especially in the corner. Over the past few years, I have not made great achievements, but I have been frustrated many times. I am very grateful for my success. We gave you an imperial edict, which was helpful to attract loyalty, learn the general outline, conduct extensive investigations, act after acting first, and contain in many ways, so that slave wolves did not dare to go west. It was only in the summer of the third year of the Apocalypse (1623) that Nurhachi ordered the slaughter of Liao people in the Jin-occupied area that the governor's strategic intention was realized. The company commander, the Maoists, attacked Houjin: Zhu Jialong was ordered to March from Qianjiazhuang, Wang Fu from Fenghuang, Yi from Manpu, and sent generals to land from Mayang Island. The cameras were taken from Jinzhou and Lushun. Eight thousand elite "ma bu" or horse stance just look, from Zhenjiang, Tang Zhan attack all the way, and make a response.

After landing, according to the general plan arranged by Mao, the first task was to rescue the people, and the surviving Liaodong people in Jinzhou were ferried to safety by warships, successively supporting "four thousand men, women and children * * *". Most of these people are young and middle-aged, miserable and demanding to join the army to attack the latter. Seeing that popular support was available, Zhang Pan organized these able-bodied men into teams, with a total of 35 teams. On the second day of July, Zhang Pan led a group of soldiers and civilians to capture Jinzhou in one fell swoop and seized the firearms of the latter Jin army, "1,014 guns, 560 kilograms of nitrosulfonic acid, and 7,320 guns." Subsequently, under the coordination of Yuan Keli, Lushun, the fortress at the southern end of Liaodong Peninsula, and Wanghaibao and Hongzuibao were recovered, which made the land hundreds of miles south of Liaoning return to the Ming Dynasty.

Mao sent troops to recover Jinzhou and Lushun, thus opening up a new situation in Liaodong battlefield. Landing, Lushun, Pidao and Fan Kuan were connected in a line, which eased the military threat of Lushun occupied in the late Jin Dynasty to Shandong Peninsula, consolidated the maritime border of 2000 miles in the Ming Dynasty, completed the maritime blockade in the late Jin Dynasty, and aggravated the food shortage in the late Jin Dynasty.

However, Jinzhou was isolated overseas, easy to attack and difficult to defend, and was soon forced to retreat to Mayang Island by Houjin. Yuan Keli, the prefect, came to report to the imperial court: "The story of Liu Aita was leaked, and the golden state was empty. Shen Yourong was unable to protect his army, but he went all out. " I heard that someone in Jinzhou led a group of people to force a plate on Mayang Island, and this golden state ceased to exist. In the autumn of the third year of the Apocalypse (1623), Governor Yuan Keli made a series of strategic arrangements, which made "soldiers leave Kanto and Lushun attack each other" in an attempt to establish "the power of recovery". (Record of Emperor Mingxi, Volume 36)

In September this year, at the end of the Jin Dynasty arranged by Mao, Nurhachi was preparing to attack Shanhaiguan in the West. In order to contain the late Jin Dynasty, Mao Longwen took over 30,000 troops and went straight to the old capital of the late Jin Dynasty, attacking it unprepared and saving it from death. In the mountainous area south of Hetuala, there were three fortresses in the late Jin Dynasty, namely Dongguzhai, Niumaozhai and Wangyanzhai, which were deep and high, easy to defend but difficult to attack, which was the foundation when it started. On September 13, Mao led his troops to conquer Donggu Village, and fought fiercely until September 16, occupying Niumao Village and Yan Village, and completely eliminating the enemy on the defensive in the later period. 17, after the 8 Jin Army counterattacked, Mao wanted to recapture three villages, ambushed them, and after the 8 Jin Army outflanked them, they won a total victory. When Nurhachi heard that the rear area had changed, he had to give up his plan to go west and lead 40 thousand troops to save him. Considering that he was alone, the veterans were exhausted, and the strategic goal of containing Nurhachi had been completed, Mao decided to take the initiative to quit the battle.

Shortly after the "Great Victory in Niumaozhai", Mao hit the late Jin army again and achieved "Great Victory in Wujiguan".

After two major victories, the Ming army "beheaded 726 pieces, captured 14 foreigners alive, and five foreigners ... according to the verification, they were verified together." According to the Ming dynasty, the actual number of people counted is often far more than the number of people beheaded. Among the first 260 prisoners, the Ming army captured only nine of the famous "Ningyuan War", and the "Ningjin Victory" was even more "a small gain" and "only Ding Zixiong was beheaded". Mao's second victory was particularly rare.

At that time, Sun Chengzong, the governor of Liaodong, was overjoyed after "Niumao Village won a great victory". He praised: "I received the general commander Mao, and I was inspected three times by Yuan Chonghuan. His head was 371 people. Four thieves were captured alive in the battle. They are all real traitors. Officers under the rank gathered soldiers outside the yamen and fired three shots and three titles. When I was a minister, I was in Ningyuan, enjoying the spring of foreigners, Hu Kui and other departments. The official was appointed to solve the problem first, and after enjoying the alien, he arrived in Ningyuan. It's not just the wind that shows people at the border, we can also see that there are people in the world who kill thieves, and thieves can be destroyed! People's hearts were touched at that time. After reading Long Wen's Lonely Sword in the Wolf's Nest, he drifted in the wind and waves, so that he was able to form a vassal state, keep people from time to time, and defeat the thieves in the chariot repeatedly. His ambition was to follow the minister's request, lead him by the tail and pound his nest. The world watched timidly, and those who were afraid of being unable to defend themselves thought they could be captured alone, which really inspired the courage of heroes all over the world.

Governor Yuan Keli personally thanked Mao, saying, "Mao went deep into the Yan Wang Zhai and fought against the slave thieves. He beheaded 37 1 soldiers and captured 4 real foreigners alive. Please give me money. " The Emperor of the Apocalypse instructed "Mao and his generals to make contributions and investigate immediately". ("Records of Xi in Ming Taizu", Volume 42) In the third year of the apocalypse, there were many Jiabo ships around Changshan and Lushun in the latter Jin Dynasty. "In the imperial city island, Yuan Keli, please set up a staff and garrison, and train 3000 people, thinking that Deng Lai will go abroad. There are also two battalions of rangers, traveling to and from Guanglu Islands. Make a gun and stand on the pier, facing each other with flags. " So, after the autumn harvest, the Jin people invaded again. "They were ordered to ambush, set fire to the grass by the wind, and all the grains were burned." The Jin people were very angry and launched a series of revenge actions. As Yuan Keli expected, "We retired ahead of time, parted ways, fought fiercely at night, and captured countless people." The gold man who was ambushed was defeated and returned. The ruling and opposition parties believe that "the town was established because there was no such victory." (Recorded in Yuan Gong Epitaph by Kong Zhenyun, Senior Minister of the Ming Dynasty, Ministry of War Shangshu Festival)

On the fifth day of October this year, Mao's company commander ordered me to make a plan to recover Fuzhou and Yongning. At that time, the garrison in Fuzhou was rampant and plundered the people everywhere. Zhang Pan took advantage of the Liao people's hatred of the late Jin army and attacked the city at night, greatly breaking it. Unwilling to fail, Hou Jin mobilized more troops to fight back and set an ambush in the city. After being defeated again, the latter Jin army "captured countless prisoners", and the latter Jin army "left all the equipment and guns and fled."

In the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), on the third day of the first month, Houjin used the sea water to freeze and attacked Lushun with more than 10,000 cavalry, hoping to avenge the last failure. Hold on to the city, the powder is exhausted, hold on. After 8 jin j, they could do nothing, so they sent envoys to make peace. Zhang Panli was beheaded in front of the army and then ambushed outside Lushun. After the defeat, 8 jin j was defeated. After 8 jin j had to withdraw. Dongjiang Xiongzhen, led by Mao, became a strong fortress behind the enemy, making it impossible for Houjin to launch an effective attack on western Liaoning and Daming, and even if he took action, he had to retreat in a very short time. The safety and happiness of thousands of people in the Pass depend on the existence of Yu Town in Dongjiang Yu. Therefore, at that time, someone wrote a poem praising Mao Longwen, saying, "Holding hands in the east corner for half an hour, wandering for hundreds of battles."

For example, in the first month of the fifth year of the Apocalypse, Nurhachi led troops to attack Ningyuan. Mao immediately sent Lin Maochun and Wang Fu to attack Haizhou, and then sent Du Gui and Qu Chengen straight into Shenyang, and the action was very rapid. "The soldiers on the Eastern Front smashed Shenyang to hide their nests and attacked Haizhou to stop them from returning. They became slaves for a day and soon." Nurhachi stayed at Ningyuan for only two days (January 26th-January 27th), so he had to save his roots.

Yuan Chonghuan once said, "Who knows that Mao attacked Liaoyang, so he transferred troops accordingly. If it weren't for Mao Shuai, Jinning would be attacked again. " In this regard, Wang Zaijin, the minister of the Ministry of War, once said: "Mao attacked Liaoyang, so he rotated his troops accordingly, and the encirclement of Ning Jin made him rich and strong." This is due to Chong Huan's self-criticism, which is called containment in the play, so how could Long Wen be killed? Kill Lu, hit the capital directly, and do the opposite, knowing that worshipping Huan really deserves it! "Mao fully affirmed the existence, which is an important guarantee for Daming's border defense. After Mao's death, the latter can March into the capital.

When Mao was here, Hou Jin's military trip was very short and he dared not go far. After Mao was killed, Hou Jin was overjoyed and raised his crown to celebrate. In history, it was said that "the Qing Dynasty was overjoyed, and the high school would buy wine". Huang taiji, the leader of the late Jin Dynasty, immediately went to Beijing, calling it "the change of oneself". Later, it was not until the demise of the Ming Dynasty that the late Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty) often invaded the Central Plains. For example, Baoding, Jinan, Yanzhou, Levin, Gu 'an, Liangxiang and other cities were slaughtered and millions of people were plundered. At this time, people realized the role of Mao pair, but it was too late.

The Record of Three Dynasties and Liao Dynasties commented sadly: "Chonghuan acted without fear and was lured by slaves, so he killed Mao first to remove the elbow and armpit of slaves." Now, Lu Sui goes deep into Bodu from Jizhen, taking Ji and Xuan as the channel for repeated crimes, not mountains and seas. If you don't make the worship of Huan hang slaves, the western barbarians won't rebel. The western front is not feasible unless the barbarians rebel. If you don't kill the island leader, the slaves will not dare to drive into the nest! " At the beginning of the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), Huang Taiji, the leader of the late Jin Dynasty, sent a nine-member delegation headed by Fang Jinnan to Ningyuan to make peace with Yuan Chonghuan, the governor of Liaodong at that time, in order to doubt the Ming Dynasty. On the one hand, A Min, Prince Zhao, Prince Yue Tuo, Beier Girard Lang, Du Du, Shuotuo, company commanders Li Yongfang and others led an army to attack Dongjiang Town to solve the problem of heart. Regarding the number of troops sent by the late Jin Dynasty, Yuan Chonghuan said that there were 100,000: "I heard that 100,000 slaves plundered the fresh and 100,000 stayed." North Korea thought that Mao was doomed to defeat, so it turned to Houjin for self-protection, and provided Houjin Dajun with Korean clothing "to attract thieves with beautiful hats and clothes", posing as a North Korean army to besiege Tieshan. Mao Youjun, commander of Tieshan, led thousands of defenders in a bloody battle with the Houjin army, and no one refused to surrender. Mao Youjun drew his sword and killed himself.

Later, the late Jin Tieqi rode on the ice in winter and attacked Congyun Island, which is only three miles from Tieshan. Mao led his troops to fight back bravely, sending troops to Mao Youjian, You Jinghe and others. The two sides fought fiercely on the ice. Dongjiang athletes are fearless and fight bloody battles in the face of the post-Jin army, which has an absolute advantage in weapons, equipment and numbers. Both sides kill each other and hurt each other. After the late Jin army stormed for many days, it could not move forward. A Min, the commander-in-chief of the late Jin Dynasty, saw that the casualties of the troops were too large, accounting for less than half of the advantage, so he took his anger out on the Koreans and turned to attack Yizhou and Anzhou in North Korea, breaking the city and killing people. After his success, he led the army to Wang Jing, the capital of North Korea, to prepare for the king to destroy North Korea. South Korean King Tian Mi fled in a hurry and sent an envoy to apologize to the Ming Dynasty and Mao Zedong, saying that it was not his idea to lead the enemy, but the behavior of the courtiers, asking for help.

Emperor Apocalypse thought that although North Korea helped the late Jin Dynasty, it should not care about its own fault, which was China's magnanimity. So, he wrote to Mao, asking Mao to bury the hatchet and send troops to help North Korea. He said: "The slave soldiers attacked Mao Shuai in the east, and their spirits were not hurt, which deeply comforted me. Beauty attracts slaves into the country, and it is self-inflicted. But not supporting the country is good for the slave and bad for me. I also quickly told Mao Shuai's camera to help, and there was no suspicion of staying overnight, which made a big mistake. "

After receiving the imperial edict, Mao resolutely led his troops into North Korea to fight back against the post-Jin army, regardless of his lack of pay. In the freezing environment, the Dongjiang army was naked and hungry, pulling dead bodies for food every day, and still fought tenaciously with Mao's encouragement. The two sides are common in Xuanzhou, Yanting, Chebei, Yizhou and other places, but as the weather gets warmer, the war gradually changes in favor of Dongjiang Army. With the thawing of river water and sea water, Dongjiang Army gradually relied on large and small rivers in North Korea, trapped the late Jin Dynasty, which was dominated by cavalry, and repeatedly hit the enemy. "Three wins in three wars, slaves trapped in Yinxing River", followed by Qianjiazhuang and Bottle Mountain. The main force of Houjin launched a decisive battle. "Long Wen led the troops out and fought a big battle. Gushan killed three people, Lu Niu killed eight people and beheaded more than 6,000 levels." A Min had to give up his plan to be king in North Korea and "fight our way out and return to our homeland", and Dongjiang Army won the final battle.

The "Battle of Ding Mao" made the blue flag elite with tens of thousands of arrogant soldiers lose their blood. Even after two years' rest, they didn't recover, and the rest of the 8 Jin Army suffered heavy losses after the war. It is the most important victory of the Ming army since the war with the late Jin Dynasty, which was achieved in the extremely difficult environment of the Ming army, and it is even more commendable. In this regard, Governor Song Li of Denglai commented: "The slave ravaged hundreds of thousands of people in Dongjiang, but Mao was able to bravely defeat the enemy when the bonfire was blazing ... Mao Shuai's contribution was incredible!" Sun Guozhen, the successor (the national hero who recovered the Penghu Islands), also thought: "I thought that Mao Shuai was alone in the island, far away from the water town, with fog and wind blowing, muscle invasion, cold smoke and Leng Yue, and weeping at night. Since the first month of the seventh year, we have won five battles and won five. Looking at the battles in Xuanzhou, Chelizi, Yizhou Ximen and Longshan, we were all stunned and excited. The victory of Yizhou Ximen is unique and peculiar, and the captors are all named chiefs. Today, this is also a tribute to New Zealand. The success of Xuanzhou roads is dangerous, and Gai Mao Shuai is close to two arrows, so don't move less. Since five or six years ago, there have been nearly 100 battles, with 470 prisoners. It's tiring to grab equipment and horses. People who have continued to report recently are not there. "

The "Battle of Ding Mao" is a military action that Daming Xiongshi once again helped North Korea avoid national subjugation since the Battle of Renchen in Wanli. In the desperate situation of the Ming army's participation in the war, there was no food and no reinforcements outside. It was all based on loyalty and enthusiasm, feeding on dead bodies and fighting naked in the ice and snow! The ambush was unexpected and the enemy was defeated. In the history of Chinese children's resistance to foreign aggression, they wrote an epic chapter!

"I only know that I will serve my country faithfully and will never steal my body!" -Dong Jiang team coach Mao said that during the war, he took an arrow and was shot several times, but he still fought to the death! With Mao's encouragement, Dongjiang athletes fought bravely for the first place, and fought bloody battles with the army of the late Jin Dynasty, with a blood stain of 3,000 miles. Even Martino Martini, an Italian missionary in China, introduced to Europeans: "The intensity of this battle is unprecedented in China." And said: "The most powerful thing to resist the Tatars is the heroic General Mao Long Wen."

Korean historical materials believe that the Korean people's uprising army defeated the army of the late Jin Dynasty, and Mao was stranded on a poor island, doing nothing. In September of the first year of Chongzhen (1628), due to the "Battle of Dingmao", Huang Taiji sent another 20,000 troops to attack Dongjiang, and Baylor Mangutai, Baylor Giralang and deputy commander Liu Xingzuo were defeated by Mao Longwen, "reducing the troops by 2,000". Liu Xingzuo led 400 cavalry to mutiny in the battle and became the late king.

After Liu Xingzuo's political reform, he offered Mao a plan: his brothers, relatives and others are all in Salhu City, and they can break it. Salhu is located in the rear of Houjin, where grain and grass are stored. Maoist generals Geng and Qu Chengen went there. , led the army to attack thousands of miles, day and night hardships. When he met the late sentry Kim, he immediately covered up and killed him. 10 8, he arrived at the gate of Salhu and sent a detailed report to the city. Liu Xingzuo's younger brothers, Liu Xingxian and Liu Xingzhi, cooperated with each other in the dark city and breached the city in one fell swoop. After Geng and others entered the city, they killed the soldiers and civilians of the Eight Banners in the city, "beheaded 3,000 people and captured 69 people", and returned to the division with the Liu brothers and others.

Since the rebellion against Ming Dynasty at the end of Jin Dynasty, most of the cities captured by Ming Dynasty relied on intensive cultivation, and they often slaughtered the cities after entering the city. On the contrary, the "Sal Hu Shengli" of Dongjiang Army will break the Houjin fortress and return to the massacre. During the eight years in Maokai Dongjiang Town, a large number of people were sent to the post-Jin rule area to spy on information, disturbing people's hearts and inspiring Liao people to resist. "The general's meticulous work reached Liaoshen, and books were everywhere", which made the latter Jin Dynasty "suspicious and beneficial, and only pursued Mao Bing spies every day", and even made a special law to reward whistleblowers of "Mao sent spies" and severely punish those who sheltered them.

Mao also often wrote books to officials and generals in the latter Jin Dynasty, deliberately leaking them out to arouse suspicion and killing in the latter Jin Dynasty and destroy the enemy with the help of the enemy. After the publication of Historical Records, Jin said: "The general's name is Akuta, and he is brave and good at fighting ... General Mao stayed at a respectful distance, but the slave actually killed a Gu." In December of the third year of the Apocalypse, Mao once again "suspected that it was self-defeating" and used double spies to get rid of the generals of the late Jin Dynasty, Ke Rudong and Dai Yi.

In the first year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji was defeated by the battle of Ding Mao and sent a special envoy to Dongjiang for peace talks. Mao played along and asked Huang Taiji to send important officials to negotiate. In order to clarify his thinking, he wrote a book to the court, "I would like to petition the assistant minister to write the original text", and played Chen's own trick of luring the enemy: "Return the Tartars and lure other important people." Unsurprisingly, Huang Taiji was fooled and sent a "Khan Love" to Gushan for real cocoa and Sanniu records to Dongjiang, and Mao was about to come and send them to Beijing. When Huang taiji heard this, he was furious and wrote a letter to Mao, cursing, "What are the benefits of luring a few poor people with lies?" Since then, Mao has repeatedly teased and tricked Huang Taiji into sending envoys, but Huang Taiji never replied. The messenger at the end of the Jin Dynasty also said to the North Koreans: "It is fruitful to become attached to Mao. If you don't make peace with your country by faith, he will deceive me." It shows that Kim finally realized Mao's deception.

Mao's tactics made the post-Jin Dynasty sleepless and kill each other, and Nurhachi and Huang Taiji were both played by him, showing extraordinary wisdom and strategy.