Seek the life experience of China's famous poets in ancient and modern times! The more detailed, the better!

Clear photos (1084 ~ 1 155? ) Song Dynasty poetess. Self-styled Yi 'an lay man. A native of Zhangqiu, Jinan (now Shandong). Father Ge Fei, the official to the Ministry of Justice Yuan Wailang, JD.COM Tao mentioned some prisons. From Han Qi School, he was once known to Su Shi for his articles. He is knowledgeable, especially in the study of Confucian classics, and enjoys a high reputation in Qilu area. Later, he was dismissed because he was listed as Yuan party member. He wrote a lot in his life, and now only one volume is Luoyang Famous Garden. Mother Wang, the granddaughter of the champion Wang (Biography), is the granddaughter of Duke Huan of Han (Zhuang Chuo's Chicken Rib), and she is also a good writer. Li Qingzhao's life experience can be divided into two periods: before and after the Song Dynasty moved south.

In the early stage, Li Qingzhao lived with her father in Bianjing and Luoyang and received a good cultural education. She is proficient in writing, writing and temperament. "She has had a poetic name since she was a teenager, so she can support herself and get close to her predecessors" (Wang Zhuo's Biji Manzhi). Fu Yuan wrote Wuxi Zhongxing and Zhang Wenqian for three years (1 100), which were well received by people at that time. When Jian Zhong Jing Guoyuan11kloc-0/years old, he married Zhao Mingcheng, the youngest son of Tingzhi Zhao, assistant minister of the official department. Ming Cheng was 2 1 year old. He is a student of Imperial College and likes to collect the stone carvings of the previous generation. Shortly after the marriage, the new party Cai Jing came to power, and Tingzhi Zhao was promoted to Shangshu Youcheng. They tried their best to crack down on the old party and said, "Remember party member's name by name, and don't send it." . Li was removed from his post because he was party member, in order to talk about the prison. At that time, Li Qingzhao gave Tingzhi Zhao a poem in an attempt to save his father. There is a saying in the poem that "the heart is hot and the heart is cold". It can be seen that the Li family suffered political misfortune after marriage, and she was dissatisfied with what she had done.

About the second year of Chongning (1 103), Zhao Mingcheng began to be an official and once worked as a young lady. Their husband and wife are like-minded. "They have food, food, clothing and training, are poor and far away, and have the ambition of the world in ancient Chinese characters" (Preface to the Records of the Stone). After their search, the collection of dead poems, famous paintings of ancient and modern celebrities and cultural relics gradually increased. In the first year of Daguan (1 107), he died in the capital and the Zhao family suffered a political disaster. At that time, Cai Jing shot for the left servant and framed the Zhao family because of jealousy. However, due to lack of evidence, only Tingzhi Zhao's office was closed down. Brother Zhao Mingcheng may lose his job because of this. Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng returned to Zhao's hometown in Qingzhou (now Yidu, Shandong Province).

Zhao Mingcheng lived in the village for 10 years. They "retreat from difficulties" and work harder to visit historical sites and cultural relics. In the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), Zhao Mingcheng was reinstated. One is to stay in Laizhou (now Ye County, Shandong Province). After the term of office, Zizhou (now Zibo) was changed to a secret pavilion. During this period, they began to compile the records of inscriptions, and constantly collected antiques and inscriptions, appreciated and revised them together, and made great achievements in academics. In the first year of Jingkang, Jin people besieged Bianjing. The following year, Zhao Mingcheng's mother died in Jinling, and Mingcheng went south with the book 15. Subsequently, the Northern Song Dynasty perished. After Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, Ming Chengzu began to know Jiankang House. At this time, there was chaos in the north, and everything in Zhao Jiaqing's tenth palace was burned. Li Qingzhao started her miserable life in the south with only a few cultural relics.

Two years later (1 128), Li Qingzhao fled south to Jiankang with the pain of national ruin and death. She was very concerned about the fate of the country and the political situation at that time. She wrote poems such as "It's too cold to come to Wujiang in the south and too cold to go to Yishui in the north" and "Wang Dao in rags in the south and Liu Kun in the north", expressing her great dissatisfaction with the Southern Song Dynasty court. The following year, Zhao Mingcheng moved to Huzhou (now Zhejiang). Stay in Chiyang (now Guichi, Anhui) and go to Jiankang alone. Unfortunately, he was ill. When Qingzhao arrived in Jiankang by boat from Chiyang, Mingcheng was critically ill and died soon. She buried her husband with great sorrow. At this time, the nomads from the army invaded south on a large scale, and the health situation was urgent. The imperial court has begun to evacuate and flee. Li Qingzhao sent people to send books and golden stone carvings to Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) first, and prepared to go there to go to Zhao Mingcheng's sister-in-law to avoid chaos. However, Hongzhou fell again and the road was blocked. Most of the cultural relics were lost in the war. When Zhao Mingcheng was seriously ill, his friend Zhang Feiqing came to visit him with a jade pot. It is rumored that the couple are using jade pots to praise gold. I heard that someone reported it to the court. Such a political frame-up frightened Li Qingzhao, and she decided to present all the bronzes and other items in her home to the court in order to get rid of it. So, she fled along the route of Emperor Gaozong, from Yuezhou to Mingzhou, passing through Fenghua and Taizhou, and then returning to Yuezhou via Wenzhou. Finally, I stayed in Shaoxing for two years and moved from Yuezhou to Hangzhou. During this period, she was not only under political pressure, but also a lot of calligraphy and painting ink was stolen, and she was wandering around alone, in an extremely miserable situation. According to the Records of Jian Yan Years and other materials, Li Qingzhao remarried, but later scholars are quite controversial about it.

This winter, Jin Rennan committed a crime. She went from Lin 'an to Jinhua to avoid chaos and returned to Lin 'an the next year. There is a lack of information about Li Qingzhao's life in her later years, but she once wrote poems to Han Xiaoyao and Hu Songnian as an ambassador, wrote "Flattery" and "Preface", and visited Mi Youren with the ink of her predecessors to ask for an inscription. This shows that she has always been concerned about state affairs and has been engaged in literary creation and academic activities.

Li Qingzhao's ci works are excellent in both writing and ci. As far as artistic achievements are concerned, her ci surpasses poetry and prose. Generally speaking, due to the changes of living in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, her works showed different characteristics in the early and late stages.

It can be seen from the few poems of Li Qingzhao in the Northern Song Dynasty that her life field and spiritual realm are broader than those of ordinary women in feudal society. Based on a clear understanding of the real politics in the Northern Song Dynasty, she proposed in Wuxi Zhongxing Poetry and Zhang Wenqian that we should "learn from others' strengths, be cautious, be concise and keep pace with the times", and advocate learning from the historical lessons of the Tianbao Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty. The poem Feeling, written by Xuanhe in Laizhou for three years, expresses his disgust at the vulgar life of officialdom. In addition, in her early years, she wrote an article on Ci, suggesting that Ci is "unique". She thinks that words can be divided into five tones, five tones and six rhythms, and they can also be divided into clear and turbid, because Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi are called "poems that can't be read every sentence". Also known as Liu Yong's ci, "change the old sound into a new sound", "although melodious, ci dust" This is an important theory of Ci in Song Dynasty. In short, her poems and essays talk about history, the world and the art of writing, with a wide range of topics. Li Qingzhao's early poems truly reflected her boudoir life, thoughts and feelings, and the theme focused on writing about natural scenery and parting lovesickness. For example, two songs, such as Dream, are lively and beautiful, and the language is innovative. I remember playing the flute on the Phoenix Terrace, a plum blossom, and a drunken flower. By describing my lonely life, I expressed my deep affection for my husband and my love for her, which was graceful and graceful. [Butterfly Hua Lian] "Seeing Sisters Off at Changle Pavilion at Night" is about nostalgia for female companions, and the feelings are extremely sincere. Although most of her poems describe lonely life and express melancholy feelings, she can often see her love for nature and frankly reveal her pursuit of a better love life. This is written by a woman writer, which is much more valuable than Forever in My Heart written by the first-person narrator. Wang Zhuo said: "Li Qingzhao" writes long and short sentences, full of twists and turns, light and sharp, and full of gestures. Lu Xiang's language is dissolute and his writing is casual. Since ancient times, the family of the gentry, those who can have children, have never been so careless "("Monchi of monks ",Volume II). This criticism just shows that the original intention of Li Qingzhao's ci is objectively against feudal norms.

By the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao's works had obvious changes. The ideological content of her poems has been improved, showing a high degree of patriotism that cares about the fate of the country. For example, chanting epic poems and summer poems, by praising Ji Kang's behavior of "dying in Yin Zhou" and Xiang Yu's "refusing to cross the Yangtze River", criticized the puppet regime and accused the ruling clique of humiliating and surrendering policies, and expressed their determination to adhere to national integrity. The poem Han Gong, written by Shangshumi in Shaoxing for three years (1 133), shows the author's nostalgia for his hometown and the people in the north, and encourages the emissary to fully estimate the arduousness of his mission and bravely safeguard the dignity of the imperial court. The Preface to Beating the Horse, which she wrote in Shaoxing for four years, truly recorded the people's "displacement and migration" in the war, and showed her patriotic thoughts of advocating beating the horse, fighting against the Jin people and restoring the Central Plains. During this period, many of her poems and articles expressed her views on current affairs, which was very realistic.

Li Qingzhao's poems after crossing the south are also very different from those in the previous period. The political risks and various tragic experiences in her personal life after the destruction of her country made her spirit very painful, so her early ci became beautiful and bright, but full of sad and low voices, mainly showing her homesickness and nostalgia when she was injured. During her exile, she often missed her hometown in the Central Plains, such as "Where is my hometown? Forget it, unless I'm drunk. "Dream of Chang 'an in vain and recognize Chang 'an Road" written by [Bodhisattva Xia] [Butterfly Hua Lian] reveals her deep nostalgia for the lost north. She is more attached to her past life, such as the famous slow word "Ode to Fishing Music", and recalls Luo Jing's "Zhongzhou heyday". [Transferred from Man Fang Ting] Cao Fang Pond recalls the "winning reward" of that year, compares the good life of the past with the desolation and haggard of today, and places the yearning for the old country.

In her poems, she fully expressed her deep sadness in her lonely life. For example, Wu Lingchun expressed her uncontrollable and unspeakable sadness by writing the feeling that "things are human beings who are wrong and do everything they can" and "the voice is slow" by writing the situation of "searching and searching". Another example is the sadness of "and heaven remains our neighbourhood this year" in Qingpingle, and the sadness in "The Lonely Goose" is based on the tragic life of the country, so her participle is an artistic summary of the suffering and personal unfortunate fate of that era.

The artistic achievements of Li Qingzhao's ci are very high, which occupies an important position in the history of literature. Her "On Ci" attaches great importance to the special style and harmony of Ci, so it can find a new way and make outstanding contributions to enriching the expression forms of Ci. Li Qingzhao is an expert in lyricism. She wrote many excellent lyric poems, which truly reflected her thoughts and feelings of living in a boudoir and a foreign land. She has a clever idea, and often chooses some life fragments to write in words, showing her inner world very concretely and meticulously. For example, Wu Lingchun expressed his painful situation through the contradiction between "I also plan to sail by canoe" and "I'm afraid one boat and two streams can't carry much worry". She is also good at using sketching techniques to visualize abstract inner activities by writing specific actions or things, such as "listening to people laugh under the curtain" in "Singing Fish Music"; A Plum Blossom describes the depth of lovesickness with the situation of "frowning only, but taking it to heart". Her lyricism is euphemistic, subtle, extremely natural and unpretentious. Her ci style is mainly graceful and restrained, but there are also occasional bold works, such as "The Pride of Fisherman" and "Clouds Meet in the Sky", which is known as "elegant and elegant, without the slightest powder" (Selected Poems of Huang Liao-Weng Liaoyuan), which deserves attention.

The language of Li Qingzhao's ci is unique, beautiful and delicate, but she doesn't work hard. She is very creative in wording and sentence making. For example, the flower trees in her works are "pampering willow flowers" and "green and fat, red and thin"; The weather is "thick smoke and dark rain", "the wind is light and the sun is thin"; Compared with people, The Yellow Flower is Thinner is novel and good-looking. She also often uses the dialect of "knowing as usual" to input words, such as "sunny, rainy, windy" and "how can it be dark when you look out the window alone?" Only a handful, it adds a lot of fresh and vivid feelings, as Sun Peng said: "Send fresh thoughts in shallow and vulgar language" ("Golden Flower Thorn"). This language is an impact on the elegant ci style in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao's ci is full of musical beauty, and she attaches great importance to "five tones, five tones, six rhythms and turbidity" (on ci). It also pays attention to the interlacing of tongue and teeth sounds and the continuous use of overlapping words. For example, at the beginning of Slow Voice, 14 overlapping words are used continuously, and its originality has been praised by critics. Li Qingzhao's ci is called "Yi 'an Style", which has been constantly studied and imitated since the Southern Song Dynasty.

Li Qingzhao's collection of works was carved at that time. The problem of Jie zhi Zhai contains Ji 1, and Bieben is divided into five volumes. Huang's Selected Poems of Hua 'an has three volumes of Shu Yu Ci. The History of Song Dynasty, Artistic and Cultural Records contains 7 volumes of Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi and 6 volumes of Yi 'an Ci. It's been a long time. The existing poetry collections are all compiled by later generations. Shuyuzhai's Shu Yu Ci 1 Volume, and Wen Li compiled Shu Yu Ji in 5 volumes, which is the most collected work. But most of the words received are fake. There are 60 "Shuyu Ci" in Zhao Wanli's Collation of Ci in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. There is a newly discovered Li Qingzhao's ci in Kong's Addendum to the Poems of the Whole Song Dynasty. There is a collating of Li Qingzhao's collected works in Wang Zhongwen, which is published by People's Literature Publishing House.