Cyclones and anticyclones in the northern and southern hemispheres (including horizontal and vertical directions)

From left to right, there are cyclones in the northern hemisphere, cyclones in the southern hemisphere, anticyclones in the northern hemisphere and anticyclones in the southern hemisphere.

Low pressure or cyclone, high pressure or anticyclone are different descriptions of the same weather system. Cyclone and anticyclone are descriptions of air flow in weather system. Low pressure and high pressure describe the atmospheric pressure state of weather system. Because there are obvious differences in air pressure and airflow between cyclone and anticyclone, the weather conditions in their control areas are also different.

In the northern (southern) hemisphere, the horizontal airflow in the atmosphere is a large vortex rotating counterclockwise. The northern hemisphere leans to the right, and vice versa. In cyclones, the weather often changes dramatically, which is the weather system that people are most concerned about and studied at the earliest.

Usually classified according to the main areas or thermal structures where cyclones are formed and active. According to the region, it can be divided into temperate cyclone, tropical cyclone and polar cyclone vortex According to the thermal structure, it can be divided into cold air rotation and hot low pressure.

Extended data:

The near-surface airflow of anticyclone radiates from the center to the periphery in the horizontal direction, and the air supplements from top to bottom in the vertical direction. In the process of sinking, the temperature rises, and the water vapor is not easy to condense, and the areas controlled by anticyclones are mostly sunny. In the vast areas of northern China, the "crisp autumn weather" that often appears in autumn is formed under the control of the anticyclone system.

In the process of cyclone development, the surface cyclone is always in front of the high pressure trough, corresponding to the upper front and jet. In the early stage of cyclone development, the amplitudes of the upper trough, the upper front and the jet axis are very small, and the cyclone is located in the front of the upper trough, the front and the south of the jet.

With the development of cyclone, the upper trough deepens, the amplitude of upper frontal zone and jet axis increases, and the cyclone position approaches to upper trough, frontal zone and jet.

The air pressure in the anticyclone center is the highest, and gradually decreases outward. In the northern hemisphere, the air in the anticyclone area flows clockwise. Its diameter ranges from several hundred kilometers to five or six thousand kilometers, such as Mongolia-Siberia high in winter and subtropical high over the Pacific Ocean in summer. When the air in the anticyclone spreads around, it forms a downward airflow.

Therefore, when the anticyclone controls the city, the weather is generally better. It is sunny and cold in winter, sunny and hot in summer, windy in spring and autumn and crisp in autumn.

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