Distribution law of summer temperature in China

The general characteristics of temperature distribution in China are cold in the north and hot in the south, warm in the plain and cold in the plateau. The annual average temperature in ethnic areas gradually decreases from south to north. In Chinese mainland, the temperature difference between north and south is above 26℃, from above 22℃ in Yuanjiang Valley in Yunnan to below -4℃ in northern Inner Mongolia. The lowest annual average temperature in China appears in Tianchi, Baitou Mountain, Yanbian, which is -7.4℃. The eastern region is significantly affected by latitude, and the temperature gradually decreases from south to north. It is above 20℃ in Guangxi south of Nanling, around 16℃ in western Hubei and Hunan of the Yangtze River Basin, below 10℃ in Inner Mongolia and below 0℃ in Daxing 'anling. The western region is greatly influenced by topography. The annual average temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the south is below 0℃, and Wudaoliang is -5.9℃, which is second only to Tianchi in China. On the contrary, the average annual temperature in the Tarim Basin in the northern plateau is above 65438 00℃. Because China is a significant continental monsoon region, the distribution of temperature has obvious seasonal changes, and the annual average temperature is not enough to explain the regional temperature. The characteristics of temperature in winter and summer are:

65438+ 10 is the most Leng Yue in winter, which can be used as a representative of winter temperature. The monthly average 0℃ isotherm of 65438+ 10 is roughly distributed along 35℃ north latitude (Qinling Huaihe Line) in the east, and then turns southwest along the eastern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west, and reaches Linzhi, Tibet through Hengduan Mountains. Therefore, from June+10 in 5438, the average temperature in about 84% ethnic areas was below 0℃, accounting for 54.6% of the total area of the country. In June 5438+10, the temperature difference between the north and the south was large, and the temperature difference from the north of Daxing 'anling to Hainan Island reached 45℃. North of Tianshan and Yinshan lines, the average temperature in June is-10/0-22℃, and it can reach -30℃ in northern Daxing 'anling and Altai areas, which is the lowest temperature in winter in China. The extreme minimum temperature in Hulunbeier and Altai can reach below -50℃, and the extreme minimum temperature in Fuyun is-51.5℃ (1960 65438+1October 2 1), which is second only to the coldest Mohe in China (/52.3℃).

The temperature distribution in winter is greatly influenced by topography. Due to the barrier of Tianshan Mountain, the temperature in Tarim Basin in May 438+1October was more than 5℃ higher than that in Inner Mongolia at the same latitude. Due to the high geothermal temperature in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the average temperature in June 5438+1October is mostly between-10℃-24℃.

Due to the influence of the cold air mass in the northern mainland, the winter temperature in ethnic areas is the same as that in the whole country, which is lower than that in the same latitude area in the world. The average temperature in northern Inner Mongolia 10 is lower than that in the same latitude 14℃- 18℃, and the temperature in western Hubei and western Hunan in the Yangtze River basin is 6℃- 10℃.

In summer, except for the Yarlung Zangbo River basin and parts of southern Yunnan affected by the southwest monsoon, the highest temperature in other ethnic areas appears in May-June before the rainy season. The highest temperature in other vast areas appears in July. In summer, the temperature rises all over the country, and the average temperature in July in most areas is 20℃-28℃. Isotherms are sparse, and the temperature difference between north and south is not big. For example, the temperature difference between Hohhot and Nanning in July was only 6.5℃.

The areas with the highest temperature in July are located in low-lying basins, because the heat in the basins is not easy to spread out in summer. The average temperature in Turpan Basin in July was 33℃, the highest in China. The extreme high temperature with the highest temperature ≥35℃ lasted 100 days, and the days with the highest temperature ≥40℃ also lasted 38.2 days. The extreme maximum temperature once reached 49.6℃ (1July 1975 13), which is the highest extreme temperature recorded in China at present.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the western alpine region are characterized by high terrain, cold climate and long winter without summer. For example, the average temperature in northern Tibet Plateau in July is lower than 8℃, and the average temperature in Wudaoliang in July is 5.5℃, which is the lowest in the country.