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South Korea:

Country name: Republic of Korea? 9? 7? 6? 3? 0? 7? 7? 0

Abbreviation: Korea? 6? 3? 7? 0

Country code: KOR [that is, Korea takes the first three letters of English]

South Korea is a country located at the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula in Northeast Asia. It borders the Yellow Sea in the southwest, the Korean Strait and Ma Haixia in the southeast, and the Sea of Japan in the east. The north is adjacent to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea across the demilitarized zone of the 38th parallel. The Republic of Korea was founded in 1948 by Li Chengwan, the speaker of the National Assembly of the former provisional government of the Republic of Korea, and its title was extended to the Korean dynasty before Japanese colonization (that is, "Lee Korea", and in 1897 its title was changed to "Korean Empire").

Source of country name:

The title of "Han" originated from the ancestor of Koreans: Three Han Dynasty.

After China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War (1894- 1895), the Qing government gave up suzerainty on the Korean Peninsula in treaty of shimonoseki and recognized its independence. 1897, korean king proclaimed himself emperor and established the "Korean Empire", and "Korea" officially became the name of the Korean Peninsula for the first time.

19 10, the Korean peninsula became a Japanese colony.

On April 19 1 1, 2009, the "Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea" was established in Shanghai. 1945, the Japanese surrendered and moved back to China. 1948, Li Chengwan, former Speaker of the National Assembly of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, was officially founded and became today's Korea.

geographical position

South Korea is located in the south of the Korean peninsula. The Korean Peninsula is located in the northeast of the Asian continent, extending from north to south, with a total length of 1, 100 km. South Korea has a total area of 99,000 square kilometers. South Korea's territorial waters meet the westernmost waters of the Pacific Ocean. The Korean Peninsula is bordered by China and Russian in the north, the East Sea of China in the east and the Japanese across the sea. In addition to the peninsula connected with the mainland, South Korea has 3,200 large and small islands.

geologic structure

The mountainous area accounts for about two-thirds of the area of the Korean peninsula, with diverse topography, low hills and plains interlaced. The low mountains and hills are mainly distributed in the central and eastern parts, and the altitude is mostly below 500 meters. Taibai Mountain runs through the east coast, forming the backbone of the southern peninsula. Several parallel mountains extending to the side of the Yellow Sea form low hills, including Taibai Mountain, Shang Qing and Xiaobai, among which Xue Yue and Wutai Mountain are famous for their beautiful scenery. The highest peak of Xiaobai is Zhiyi Mountain, which runs from northeast to southwest at an altitude of 19 15m. Halla Mountain is located in the middle of Jeju Island, with an altitude of 1, 950m. It is the highest peak in Korea. Since ancient times, immortals have lived on Halla Mountain. Therefore, Halla Mountain used to be called Yingzhou Mountain, and together with Mount Kumgang and Zhiyi Mountain, it was called the three sacred mountains.

The plains are mainly distributed in the south and west, and the altitude is mostly below 200 meters. There are plains such as Hanjiang Plain and Xiangtan Plain along the Yellow Sea, and small plains such as Jinhai Plain and Quannan Plain along the South China Sea.

Rivers and lakes

In terms of land area, there are relatively many rivers in South Korea. The longest rivers are Luodong River and Hanjiang River, which are the two main rivers in the south of the peninsula. The Luodong River is 525 kilometers long and flows into the Sea of Japan. The Hanjiang River is 5 14 kilometers long and flows into the Yellow Sea, which is an important water system in the central region. Other rivers include Jinjiang, Chanjinhe and Linjinhe. There are few lakes in Korea, and the largest natural lake is Bailutan, which is located at the crater on the top of Hanna Mountain in Jeju Island, with an altitude of 1 .850m, a diameter of about 30m, a circumference of1km and a depth of about 6m. The largest artificial lake is Zhaoyang Lake, located at 13km northeast of Chunchuan City, gangwon, and built at 1973, with an area of 69.3 million square meters. In addition, there are some smaller lakes, such as Chaqiao Lake and Jinmu Lake.

resources

There are few mineral resources, and more than 280 species have been found, of which about 50 species are of economic value. The minerals with development and utilization value include iron, anthracite, lead, zinc and tungsten, but their reserves are not large. Due to the lack of natural resources, the main industrial raw materials depend on imports.

climate

It belongs to temperate monsoon climate and has obvious maritime characteristics. Winter is long and cold, summer is hot and humid, and spring and autumn are quite short. The lowest temperature in winter is-12℃, and the highest temperature in summer is 37℃. The average annual rainfall is about 1500mm, of which the rainfall in June-August is relatively large, accounting for 70% of the whole year. The annual average precipitation is about 1500mm, which gradually decreases from south to north.

South Korea has four distinct seasons and short spring and autumn. Summer is hot and humid; Winter is cold and dry, and sometimes it snows.

The temperature difference in different parts of Korea is quite large, with the average temperature ranging from 6 degrees Celsius (43 degrees Fahrenheit) to 16 degrees Celsius (6 1 Fahrenheit). In the hottest August of the year, the average temperature is 19 degrees Celsius (66 degrees Fahrenheit) to 27 degrees Celsius (8 1 degree Fahrenheit). 65438+ 10, the coldest month, with an average temperature of minus 8 degrees Celsius (17 degrees Fahrenheit) and 7 degrees Celsius (43 degrees Fahrenheit).

It is often windy and rainy in early spring, and strong winds bring "yellow sand" to inland deserts in Asia, commonly known as sandstorms, which have gradually increased in recent years. By mid-April, the weather is getting warmer, and Korean farmers level rice fields every year to prepare for planting rice. There are many typhoons in summer and autumn, and there will be plum rains in summer.

national flag

1882, North Korean envoy Park Yong-hyo and Yu Jinyun will go to Japan soon. Before they left, they asked the Beiyang government of the Qing Dynasty in China to use the Dragon Flag of China as the national flag. The Beiyang government replied that the vassal state could not use the dragon flag with five claws, but only the dragon flag with four claws. At that time, because the North Korean authorities had refused to buy the declining Qing court, they did not accept the request of the Qing court. At that time, China's special envoy Ma Jianzhong (a great linguist in modern China, who went to North Korea with Ma's brother, the founder of Fudan University) suggested that the North Korean government adopt the traditional Taiji Bagua flag in China as the national flag, which was adopted by the North Korean government. Therefore, the earliest Lee's North Korean flag is an out-and-out Taiji Bagua flag with black characters on a white background. Later, a British envoy to North Korea modified the Taiji Eight Diagrams Flag from the perspective of western aesthetics, removed four hexagrams in the Eight Diagrams Map, stretched the remaining four hexagrams obliquely and symmetrically, and made the whole flag rectangular, changing the pattern of Yin and Yang fish into red and blue, thus obtaining the South Korean Taiji Flag we see now.

national emblem

Finally, it was modified and put into use in 1948 and 1950. In the center of the national emblem is a blooming rose. The background color of roses is white, symbolizing peace and purity, and yellow symbolizes prosperity. The center of the flower is replaced by a picture of red, blue, yin and yang, which is not only a traditional symbol of Korean culture, but also represents the harmony between state administration and natural laws. A white ribbon surrounds the hibiscus, and the name of the Republic of Korea is sewn on the ribbon. This feature is the same as the design of the national emblem of North Korea.

national flower

Hibiscus is the national flower of Korea. In the flowering season, hibiscus branches will give birth to many buds. After a flower fades, other buds will keep blooming, full of spring and bright spring. So Koreans also call it "endless flower".

national anthem

South Korea's national anthem is Patriotic Song. Independent News, the earliest folk newspaper founded in South Korea, published several versions of the lyrics of patriotic songs in 1896, but the melody of "patriotic songs" was not determined at that time. Later, during the Korean Empire period of 1897- 19 10, the melody of patriotic songs was designated as military songs, which were called patriotic songs of the Korean Empire. The patriotic song of the Korean Empire was revised in 1902 and used for important national celebrations. The earliest patriotic songs were written in 1907, in order to strengthen the people's patriotism and maintain the spirit of independence when the state power was seized. The lyrics of the current patriotic national anthem were determined after many revisions.

Before the founding of the Republic of Korea, patriotic songs were always sung according to the melody of the Scottish folk song Auld Lang Syne. However, the composer An Yitai (1905- 1965) deeply felt that it was not appropriate to use other countries' melodies as his national anthem, so he re-created the national anthem at 1935, which was immediately adopted by the then interim government. However, until the founding of the Republic of Korea in 1945, the version of Auld Lang Syne was still the main national anthem. 1948, the government of the Republic of Korea officially announced that the patriotic song adopted by the former provisional government was the national anthem of Korea, and since then all schools and state organs have started to use this patriotic song uniformly.

national bird

The national bird of Korea is the magpie.

Important festival

Koreans attach the most importance to Mid-Autumn Festival and Christmas.

65438+ 10 month 1

New Year's Day-New Year's Day, 65438+ 10/and 2 are public holidays stipulated by the state. The first day of the first lunar month/Folk Day-also known as the Gregorian New Year-is celebrated with family ceremonies of ancestor worship, special food and traditional games. The whole family is reunited, and relatives and friends celebrate the New Year with each other.

March 1 independence day

Commemorate the independence movement against Japanese colonial rule on March 19 19.

April 5th Arbor Day

On this day, government officials, teachers, students and thousands of Koreans all over the country plant trees according to the government's afforestation plan.

May 5th Children's Day

On this day, children will hold various celebrations and play with their parents.

August 15 Guangfu festival

1on this day in 945, South Korea was liberated from 35 years of Japanese colonial rule and gained independence.

Mid-Autumn Festival (or Harvest Festival) in August of the lunar calendar 15.

This is one of the important national festivals in a year. On this day, there will be a banquet, families will hold a memorial ceremony in the family cemetery, and they will enjoy the moon together at night.

Lunar calendar 10 10/0.

This day is the legendary day when Dangun established Korea in 2333 BC.

February 25th Christmas 65438+

Like the west, Christians and other citizens celebrate this festival to commemorate the birth of Jesus.

Population and language

South Korea has a total population of 49.053 million (2007), mainly Koreans, accounting for 99% of the total ethnic population in the country. This is a country with a relatively single nationality.

Korean is commonly used, and the national costume is Hanbok.

Explain here:

Korean and Korean are slightly different. Due to the long-term division of the Korean peninsula after the war, there are also slight differences in language between the north and the south. Generally, the expression used in Korea is called "Korean" and the expression used in North Korea is called "Korean".

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