Types, characteristics and causes of weather and climate

Distribution characteristics and causes of climate types;

1, tropical rain forest climate; Features: it is hot and rainy all year round, and the precipitation is evenly distributed; Distribution: mainly within 5 north and south latitudes; Reason: It is controlled by equatorial low all the year round.

2. Tropical grassland climate; Features: high temperature all year round, divided into obvious dry season and rainy season; Distribution: Latitude 5-10; Cause of formation: subtropical high and equatorial low are alternately controlled.

3. Tropical monsoon climate; Features: high temperature all year round, obvious in dry and wet seasons; Distribution: Southeast Asia and South Asia; Reason: Controlled by southwest monsoon.

4. Tropical desert climate; Features: high temperature and drought all year round; Distribution: the mainland near the Tropic of Cancer or the west coast of the mainland; Reason: It is controlled by subtropical high all the year round.

5. Subtropical monsoon climate; Features: high temperature and rainy in summer, low temperature and little rain in winter; Distribution: 25-35 degrees north latitude, east coast of mainland China; Cause of formation: alternating control of winter and summer monsoon.

6. Mediterranean climate; Features: hot and dry in summer, mild and rainy in winter; Distribution: 30-40 degrees north latitude, west coast of mainland China; Cause of formation: alternating control of wind belt and subtropical high.

7. Temperate monsoon climate; Features: high temperature and rainy in summer, cold and dry in winter; Distribution: Northeast Asia; Cause of formation: alternating control of winter and summer monsoon.

8. temperate continental climate; Features: large annual temperature difference and scarce precipitation; Distribution: Mid-latitude inland; Reason: It is controlled by continental air mass all the year round.

9. Temperate maritime climate; Features: mild and humid, uniform precipitation; Distribution: 40-60 continental west coast; Reason: it is controlled by the west wind all the year round.

10, coniferous forest climate in sub-cold zone; Features: winter is long and cold, summer is cool and short; Distribution: the continental latitude is higher; Genesis: high latitude, controlled by sub-polar depression.

1 1, tundra climate; Features: winter is long and cold, summer is cool and short; Distribution: low latitude near the polar circle; Cause: Controlled by polar air mass.

12, ice climate; Features: winter is long and cold, summer is cool and short; Distribution: the latitude near the polar circle is high; Cause: Controlled by polar air mass.

13, alpine plateau climate; Features: The situation is complicated and it is not easy to generalize; Distribution: the altitude is higher, generally above 3000; Reason: High altitude.

Extended data:

Climate type reason:

1, solar radiation:

If the land is exposed to strong sunlight, the ground temperature will be high; If the sun is weak, the ground temperature will be low. The temperature of seawater is stable because it has strong heat transfer ability.

When the land is exposed to strong sunlight, resulting in high land temperature, the air on the land expands and rises. At this time, the air on the sea surface is relatively heavy, and the air on the sea surface flows into the land from the sea surface along the surface. The lower temperature on the sea surface reduces the air above the sea surface due to contraction, while the air above the ground rises due to air expansion caused by high temperature, so the air at high altitude flows into the ocean from the mainland.

On the other hand, if the ground temperature is lower than the ocean temperature due to the weak sunlight on the land, the air above the ocean will rise, while the air above the land will fall, and the air on the surface will flow from the land to the ocean.

Therefore, the characteristics of temperature and precipitation in different places are different. According to these characteristics, different climates in different places are divided into several types.

2. Atmospheric circulation

3. Underlying surface (land and sea location, ocean current and topography)