The volcanic eruption in Guatemala has attracted the attention of the world. What impact can it have?

Volcanic ash eruption is a natural phenomenon with the characteristics of short duration, high intensity and strong destructive power. Its unpredictability adds some mystery to it. Volcanic eruption is an important natural forcing factor of climate change, and it is of great social value to accurately predict the climate response within two years after volcanic eruption.

Crater is a hill or hill, which is composed of solid debris, magma flow or circular eruption around the eruption mouth. Volcanic eruption is a conduit for mantle or lithosphere to enter the earth's surface from the earth's surface. Most of the materials are piled up near the crater, and some materials are transported to the sky through the atmosphere and spread to hundreds or thousands of kilometers away. Volcanic eruption is a natural phenomenon. This is because the molten material inside the earth erupts under pressure.

When a volcano erupts, a large amount of volcanic ash continuously enters the atmosphere and then reaches the stratosphere (from 10 km to 50 km above the surface). These ashes react chemically to form sulfate aerosol, which stays in the stratosphere for 1-2 years and cools the surface by blocking solar radiation.

Like earthquakes, the scale of volcanic eruptions varies from 1 to 8. Every time you increase a level, the released energy will increase by 10 times. The Millennium eruption index of Changbai Mountain is 6~7, which is close to super eruption, but there are still essential differences, and different energy levels are also 100 times.

A large number of volcanic ash and volcanic gas emitted during volcanic eruption have great influence on the climate. In this case, dark weather, violent storms and even muddy rain will plague local residents for several months. When volcanic ash and volcanic gas are sprayed into the sky, they will spread far away with the wind. These volcanic materials will block the sunlight and cause the temperature to drop. In addition, they will filter out some wavelengths of light, making the sun and the moon look like a halo.

Large-scale volcanic eruptions spew out a lot of volcanic ash and heavy rain, leading to mudslides, which can destroy roads and bridges, flood nearby villages and cities, and make countless people homeless. Mud produced by mud and gravel can flood the whole city like a flood.

A large number of toxic gases produced by volcanic eruption endanger life and destroy the atmospheric environment. Some volcanic eruptions will bring high-density greenhouse gases, that is, carbon dioxide, down the hillside, which may affect the victims who have no time to escape. In addition, a large number of toxic fluorides and chlorides are short-term fatal to residents in the affected areas.