On the History and Development of Zhuang Medicine Culture

(a) to gradually understand the common and frequently-occurring diseases in Lingnan and Zhuang areas, such as leprosy, virus and dysentery.

"The Biography of Ma Yuan in the Later Han Dynasty" says: "The earth is full of miasma when you go to war and cross your toes." "Military officials have been killed by the plague. It can be seen that the miasma in Lingnan is very harmful. Song and Zhou Qufei's "Answer the Ridge" not only describes the treatment of dysentery by Zhuang medicine in detail, but also points out the etiology and pathogenesis of dysentery: "The weather is cloudy and steaming, the yang is overflowing, the vegetation is full of water, and the pathogens are abundant. Life is alive, and it is poisoned every day, and the vitality is not solid, leading to dysentery. "Fan Chengda's Gui Zhiheng said: The water and soil of the two rivers (according to: referring to the left and right rivers) are particularly poor, and there is no shortage of grass at the age of one: Chun Lv; Summer, Huangmei; June and July are called the new river; Yellow hair in August and September.

Local people think yellow hair is particularly poisonous. "The Liangjiang River Basin is a place where Zhuang people live in compact communities. Although these records were not written directly by Dr. Zhuang, the author has been an official in Guangxi for many years and has a certain understanding of local customs, so their contents are of reference value. The so-called "natives" should refer to the strong doctors of the people. It can be known that at this time, Dr. Zhuang has already classified diseases according to the season of onset, and learned from practice that the yellow disease that occurred in August and September was the most serious.

This is also related to a folk proverb in Zhuang area, which says, "Grass grows on yellow hair, and you will never become a monk." . Folk Zhuang doctors also classified diseases such as poison, prickly heat and gall in detail. In some local chronicles, it is of course slander to say that Zhuang women store and release poison, but it also proves that Zhuang people have more understanding of the causes of poison and detoxification treatment methods from another angle.

(2) Understand anatomy, physiology and pathology

During the Qing Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty, a peasant uprising of Zhuang nationality took place in Yizhou, Guangxi.

By trapping, the rulers captured 56 rebel leaders, including Xifan and Menggan, and killed them all. He also ordered Yizhou to promote Wu Jian and some doctors to dissect corpses, and drew a picture of the five zang-organs of Xifan. This is the first recorded anatomical map of human body in the medical history of China.

In the process of dissection, some observations were made from the medical point of view; For example, "dry disease, black lung and gallbladder; There are fewer eye diseases and liver leukoplakia in this area. Although this autopsy event was based on the suppression of the peasant uprising and showed the extreme cruelty of the Northern Song Dynasty, it still has a certain position in the medical history of our country.

Occurring in Zhuang areas not only shows that the ruling class intends to kill people in minority areas, but also shows that Zhuang people can accept autopsy to some extent. If autopsies were absolutely forbidden in medieval European religions, even if the ruling class captured rebel leaders, they would not dissect them one by one in the local area.

There is a custom of picking bones and moving them for burial (second burial) among Zhuang people. For example, according to the Records of Ningming County, the Zhuang people in this county "dug the grave three to five years after the funeral, carefully picked up the bones of the deceased, commonly known as' picking up gold', wiped them clean, dried them with aromatherapy, and put them in the earthen altar according to certain rules ..." This can better explain the anatomy of the Zhuang people on the human body. Most old and strong folk doctors can name human bones in Zhuang language, and they have the names of Qi, blood and viscera in Zhuang language, which can also support this conclusion.

The understanding of human physiology and pathology, etiology and pathogenesis has also improved. Since the Song Dynasty, Zhuang doctors have introduced the concept of Yin and Yang as a reasoning tool to explain the physiological and pathological phenomena of human body and the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases.

And gradually formed the theory of synchronization of heaven and earth, three places and two roads, toxic deficiency and disease, thus further developing and improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment level of Zhuang medicine.