Give examples to illustrate the influence of climate on human beings.

Case 1: The climate of most areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River belongs to the north subtropical zone, and a small part belongs to the northern edge of the middle subtropical zone. The annual average temperature is 14 ~ 18℃, the most Leng Yue average temperature is 0 ~ 5.5℃, the absolute minimum temperature is-10 ~-20℃, the hottest month average temperature is 27 ~ 28℃, and the frost-free period is 2 10 ~ 270 days. For agricultural crops, the annual precipitation is 1000 ~ 1400 mm, which is concentrated in spring and summer. Zonal soil is only found in low hills and gentle hills, mainly yellow brown soil or yellow cinnamon soil. The southern margin is red soil, and most of the plains are paddy soil. With developed agriculture and high land reclamation index (62. 1% in Shanghai and 45.6% in Jiangsu), it is an important grain, cotton and oil production base. Rich in rice, wheat, cotton, rape, silkworm, ramie, jute and so on.

Rivers and branches crisscross, and lakes are dotted. The lake covers an area of 20,000 square kilometers, equivalent to 10% of the plain area. Large lakes, including small lakes, have an area of10.3 million square kilometers, accounting for more than 20% of the plain area of the two lakes, which is the place with the largest number of lakes in China. There are fresh water lakes such as Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake and Chaohu Lake, which are connected with the Yangtze River and have the functions of regulating water volume and reducing flood peak. They produce fish, shrimp, crab, lotus, water chestnut and reed, as well as world treasures such as Chinese sturgeon, Chinese alligator and baiji. Aquatic products occupy an important position in China, known as the land of plenty.

Case 2: Sanjiang Plain belongs to temperate humid and semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with annual sunshine hours of 2400 ~ 2500 hours, monthly average temperature of 1 ~- 18℃, July average temperature of 2 1 ~ 22℃ and frost-free period of 120 ~. The freezing period is as long as 7 ~ 8 months, and the maximum freezing depth is 1.5 ~ 2. 1 m. The annual precipitation is 500 ~ 650 mm, and 75 ~ 85% is concentrated in 6 ~ 10. The vast and flat landform of Sanjiang Plain, the cold and wet climate with concentrated precipitation in summer and autumn, slow runoff, rivers with sudden flood peaks and seasonal frozen-thawed cohesive soil make the surface too wet for a long time and accumulate too much water, forming a large area of swamp water and swampy vegetation and soil, which constitutes a unique swamp landscape. Swamp and swampy land covers an area of about 2.4 million hectares, which is the largest swamp distribution area in China. Aquatic plants and swamp plants mainly include narrow leaves and thick shells, swamp willows, Carex and reeds. Carex bog is the most widely distributed, accounting for about 85% of the total swamp area, followed by reed swamp. Soil types mainly include black soil, albic soil, meadow soil and swamp soil, among which meadow soil and swamp soil are the most widely distributed. Sanjiang Plain is known as the "Great Northern Wilderness". Before the large-scale reclamation in 1950s, meadows and swamps were endless, and there were patches of forests and many wild animals. After reclamation, many large state-owned farms have been built, and the "Great Northern Wilderness" has become the "Great Northern Warehouse" and an important commodity grain base in China.

Case 3: Up to now, the total installed capacity of wind power generation in Xinjiang is 1.86 million kilowatts, accounting for about 23% of the whole country. In Xinjiang, wind power generation has become one of the main ways to solve the problem of domestic electricity consumption in many remote agricultural and pastoral areas.

Xinjiang is one of the provinces with the richest wind resources in China, and large-scale grid-connected wind power generation is very suitable for the regional characteristics of Xinjiang. According to Xinjiang Wind Energy Research Institute, Xinjiang's special terrain has formed nine wind zones, with a total area of about 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers and installed reserves of about 200 million kilowatts. Take Dabancheng Wind Zone as an example. This wind zone is located at the tuyere of Junggar basin and Turpan basin in Xinjiang. There are more than 10 months of wind in a year, the wind speed is stable, the total area is 1600 square kilometers, the annual wind energy reserve is about 25 billion kwh, and the installed capacity is more than 4 million kilowatts.

From the above three cases, we can see that climate has an important influence on all aspects of production, which not only creates a warm, humid, rich and productive land of fish and rice, but also promotes the formation of wetlands, one of the three major ecosystems in the world known as "kidney of the earth", and also provides a clean and sustainable way to solve energy problems, with both economic and ecological benefits. Moreover, the climate has an important influence on people's daily life and even the customs and culture of a region.

Case 4: Beijing has a warm temperate and semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with little snow in winter and heavy wind and sand in spring. Therefore, the residential design pays attention to heat preservation, cold protection, wind and sand avoidance, and is surrounded by brick walls. The whole yard is surrounded by houses and walls, hard gable roofs, thick walls and roofs. Beijing quadrangles are kind and quiet, and the courtyard scale is just right, which brings the distance between the earth and people closer. It is an ideal outdoor living space with a square courtyard, which is beneficial to the sunshine in winter. The northeast climate is cold and the yard is wide. South of Beijing, the sun is very strong in summer, and the yard becomes long and narrow from north to south. There is a heavy sandstorm in the northwest, and the courtyard walls are raised.

Ningxia is located in the northwest, far away from the ocean, with less precipitation, large temperature difference, severe cold climate, obvious continental climate characteristics, drought and sandstorm in winter and spring, and prevailing northerly winds, so houses generally do not open north windows. In order to keep warm and cold, a box courtyard is adopted. The house is compact and the roof form is one slope and two slopes coexist.

The natural conditions of dry climate, cold winter and less wood in northwest China have created opportunities for the development and continuation of caves that are warm in winter and cool in summer, very economical and do not need wood.

Because of the hot and humid climate, many courtyards in southern China have patios with thin walls and roofs, and some have wide porches or spacious halls in order to facilitate ventilation, heat insulation and rain protection. At the same time, the roof also adopts two-slope drainage structure.

Different climates have influenced the architectural culture in different regions.

Case 5: "Spring City" Kunming

Kunming is located in the low latitude plateau. The weather here is often like February and March, and flowers bloom in spring. It is called "Spring City" and is the capital of Yunnan Province. Located in the southwest border of China, in the middle of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, in the east of Yunnan Province, in the north of Dianchi Basin, surrounded by mountains on three sides and Dianchi Lake in the south, rivers crisscross, forming a rich and fertile dam. Due to the high altitude, low latitude, abundant sunshine and rainfall, the four seasons are like spring and the scenery is pleasant. Kunming has four seasons like spring, and the temperature difference is small throughout the year. The annual average temperature in urban areas is about 15℃, the monthly average temperature in the hottest time is 19℃, and the monthly average temperature in the coldest time is 7.5℃. Although Kunming has the reputation of "Spring City", there are four seasons in a day. Especially in spring and winter, the temperature is generally low in the morning and evening, so travelers had better prepare several sets of warm clothes for emergencies.

Case 6: In midsummer, the temperature in the vast desert area of Saudi Arabia is as high as 40 ~ 50 degrees Celsius, but the local residents walk in the scorching desert wearing wide Arabic robes, but they seem to be leisurely and carefree.

Arabian robes are characterized by their large size, which can cover the whole body. The wind outside blows into the robe, and the robe can jump up and down quickly, playing a kind of "stack effect" and sweeping away the moisture emitted by the body. At the same time, because the skin of the human body is covered by a wide robe, it blocks the direct sunlight on the body surface, and the air filled with robes plays a good role in heat insulation, thus making people feel cool and comfortable. Saudi Arabia's clothing design research experts believe that the design of Arab robes has played a very good role in regulating the comfortable microclimate in robes.

The microclimate in robes refers to the state of air humidity and temperature in human skin and innermost clothes. Whether in winter or summer, the most comfortable state for Arabs to wear is that the average temperature of the skin surface is about 33 degrees Celsius, the air temperature between the inner layer of robes and the skin is 365,438+0 degrees Celsius to 33 degrees Celsius, and the relative humidity is 40% to 60%. If the microclimate in the robe is not ideal (whether it is temperature or relative humidity), the thermoregulation center of the human central nervous system will be in a state of tension, which will cause some disorders and irritability of other system functions of the body.

In order to create a comfortable microclimate in the subtropical desert climate, Saudi Arabia will choose fabrics with good hygroscopicity and dispersibility, such as flax, silk and cotton fabric. The color of robes is mostly light, mainly white, light blue and light green, so as to minimize the absorption of heat. In terms of style design, it is considered from the point of view that it is conducive to internal and external air convection. The collar and sleeve openings of robes are relatively large, and they are based on loose wearing and good ventilation inside and outside. Wearing such a loose robe can play the role of blowing air during activities, accelerate air convection, and play the role of "chimney" during rest, promoting air exchange in the robe.

Saudis choose robes as their main clothing in order to adapt to the tropical desert environment with little rain and heat all year round.