Thoughts on Sanmenxia Dam

Reflection on the Three Gorges Dam (if it is too long, you can extract it, hee hee)

The Jialing River in Chongqing has almost become a tributary of a small river.

When the Three Gorges Project began to be built amid controversy, the royal experts in China could not wait to announce that the Three Gorges Project would play a role in flood control after its completion, and the flood control function of the Three Gorges was the first, which could solve the threat of the Yangtze River flood once and for all. It will become an air conditioner to adjust the climate in Sichuan Basin. Summer can cool the areas along the Yangtze River; Winter is no longer cold because of this large air conditioner, and the Three Gorges area will show the climate characteristics of warm winter and cool summer. The Three Gorges Dam will not hinder navigation, and the golden waterway of the Yangtze River will be unimpeded. ...

Everything is so beautiful.

Finally, the reservoir filled water from 135 m in 2002 to 155 m in 2005. As usual, the media and experts published jubilant reports according to the propaganda caliber. The issue and spread of questioning and sober voices are so difficult that they are almost drowned in the mainstream voice of applause. There are many voices of opposition on the internet, but most of them are speeches by people who are not familiar with the situation. Although there is no lack of insight, it is often irrelevant.

As usual, mainstream experts came out to whitewash the project. If you say no, he says yes. You pick a question and he will give you a misleading "answer". Anyway, it is impossible for ordinary netizens to have a deep understanding of this professional knowledge from birth. Even if you question it, you often can't grasp his pain.

However, the changes in physical geography and climate have not stopped because of who is right and who is wrong. So, I have been trying to write something.

The discovery of scientific research on the Yangtze River in recent years provides intuitive evidence for the formation of the Yangtze River. The expedition team found that Xiangjiaba dam site above Yibin is located at another structural and topographic point between Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, where there is a fault 2500 meters underground and a hot spring with a water temperature of more than 70 degrees Celsius on the surface. The ancient riverbed of the Three Gorges Yangtze River has risen to an altitude of1350m in Wushan and other places (the height of the river surface is less than100m); In Jianghan Plain, the sediments of the same period were buried about 1000 meters underground, and this area is still declining strongly. The turning point of the strong rising area and the strong falling area is just near Nanjinguan, the outlet of the Three Gorges. There is an obvious Jiuwanxi fault here, which is generally unfavorable to the dam foundation of the Three Gorges Dam 40 kilometers above Nanjinguan.

Yang (a researcher of the Ministry of Land and Resources), who has participated in many scientific expeditions to the Yangtze River and has the reputation of "the king of rivers in the world", has pointed out to the outside world many times in recent years:

"We can't just use the plane perspective of geologists, because it has little to do with the Three Gorges Gorge, and it can only be applied to many plain reservoirs such as kuibyshev and Aswan. According to geomorphologists, the problem of the Three Gorges lies in the rapid rise of the canyon and the obvious subsidence of its adjacent areas in the past 2.5 million years, that is, it is a four-dimensional problem of time and space. "

It is not appropriate to copy the so-called conclusion that earthquakes caused by reservoirs at home and abroad generally do not exceed the magnitude of natural earthquakes in the region. Because Chinese rivers have the most serious neotectonic movement in the world. "

According to his investigation, the ancient Yangtze River has been confirmed to have risen to 1.250 meters, while the riverbed of the ancient Yangtze River has risen to more than 1.800 meters at the watershed between Qingjiang River and the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. (Reporter's Note: On the hills on both sides of the Qingjiang Mufu Grand Canyon on the ancient Yangtze River Road, I also found the ancient Yangtze River bed on the top of 1600 meters). However, the uplift height used in the demonstration report of the Three Gorges Project is only 300 meters, which is a serious mistake in demonstrating crustal activity. This result obviously affects the determination of induced earthquake intensity, and there is an unscientific attitude that is too inclined to the problem. We must pay attention to the research and make it clear!

In June 2003, the Three Gorges Reservoir was filled with water. Three months later, at 20: 30 on September 15, a strong natural gas blowout suddenly occurred in an ancient salt well abandoned for many years in Huangjin Village, Jiannan Town, Lichuan City, western Hubei Province, more than 300 kilometers west of the dam. The wellhead has a diameter of 6.25 cm, and four gas jets at the bottom erupt upward through the formation at the same time. The daily leakage is about 40,000 cubic meters, and the eruption gas is as high as 20 meters. The deafening sound of airflow can be heard hundreds of meters away. Behind Fangdou Mountain on the south bank of the Yangtze River. It is only a few tens kilometers away from the Yangtze River. )

On June1February 9, 2003, at 20: 031minute, an earthquake with an intensity of about 2.5 occurred in Mazongshan village on the west bank of Badong creek, 80 kilometers west of the dam, the largest earthquake since the Three Gorges Reservoir was induced to store water. Three days later, a natural gas blowout occurred in Kaixian County, more than 300 kilometers west of the dam, killing 244 people. It's only a few tens of kilometers from the Yangtze River. )

On March 26, 2006, another blowout occurred in Kaixian County, with a flame as high as 100 meters, which was subdued by several Japanese troops. (The straight line is dozens of kilometers away from the Yangtze River. )

Chongqing people are hot enough to drill underground! The air-raid shelter and deep excavation during the Anti-Japanese War came in handy, and the natural cool wind was what everyone expected.

These cases have always been regarded as single accidental cases, which are not related to the multiple changes of the Three Gorges water storage and natural ecology. According to my years of investigation and judgment, these accidents are all related to the sudden increase of surface water pressure after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project. At the initial stage of impoundment of the Three Gorges, the impoundment elevation was135m, and the storage capacity1230,000 m3. By the time the project is completed this year, the water storage elevation will reach175m above sea level, with a storage capacity of 39.3 billion cubic meters, more than three times the previous storage capacity. Correspondingly, the pressure of the surface stratum has also increased several times, which will cause fractures, cracks and caves in the karst terrain. Thousands of small and medium-sized earthquakes with secondary water storage are a signal that the stratum is accumulating energy. Once the high pressure of 75 meters water storage comes, the risk of possible variables will increase.

Scientific research has made it clear that the construction of large reservoirs will definitely induce earthquakes to some extent. A few months after the second impoundment, an earthquake of magnitude 4.7 occurred near Sanligang, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, according to the Hubei Seismological Network. The epicenter of the earthquake felt strong, some adobe houses collapsed and a few houses cracked. The earthquake was felt in Xiangfan, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Jingzhou, Yichang, Tianmen, Wuhan and Huangpi around the epicenter. Since then, at least 50 local microseisms have occurred. At 65438+1October 28th 13, an aftershock of magnitude 4.2 occurred again near Sanligang, Suizhou, with a strong epicenter. This earthquake is the biggest one in Hubei Province in more than 20 years. It is only a few hundred kilometers away from the Three Gorges Dam, which some geologists believe is related to the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

A geologist told me: "After three and a half months to three or two years of impoundment, so many accidents have occurred, which is related to our unclear investigation of the underground situation when we demonstrated the Three Gorges Project. The Three Gorges Project was hastily launched. In the early stage of water storage, blowout occurred repeatedly, which was obviously caused by karst terrain cracks and holes in the reservoir, forming underground gas fields with groundwater seepage and pressure. During the three years of impoundment, these changes are equivalent to one second of geological time. In other words, in geological time, it takes only one second for water to react underground. "

Then, it is time to reflect on the unscientific and undemocratic launching of the Three Gorges Project. The opposition is so high and there are so many unknowns. There are 0/4 special demonstration reports/kloc-,and 5 reports are not signed by the expert group, which can't stop the tough launch of political projects. Perhaps no country dares to launch the project under such uncertain geological conditions, and the engineering demonstration report exceeding 1/3 is not signed by the expert group. When arguing, opponents please go out, those in favor please come in, exclude different opinions, and argue in favor of everything. The final result can be imagined. Like the United States, dams are very powerful, and the way of argument is the opposite. People must prove the negative possibilities one by one before they can start the project with confidence.

Look at the problem from another angle: when the National People's Congress voted on the Three Gorges Project, how many of the more than 2,000 delegates had professional knowledge in geology, hydraulics and dams? No, a responsible attitude should be to abstain, because you can't express your position and exercise your right to vote on things you don't know. If you do this, you are dereliction of duty to the country, and you are a crime to the people! However, there were only 100 votes against the Three Gorges voting, with more than 600 abstentions and as many as 1000 votes in favor. Of course, from the perspective of progress, this is a progress that has been ridiculed for many years, because the National People's Congress unanimously passed the rubber stamp. Finally, the evil consequences brought by the defects of the democratic system have been reflected in one incident after another, and the Three Gorges is one of them. Finally, the country was kidnapped by interest groups.

It is said that the Three Gorges Reservoir has been completed, the water surface has increased, and the climate should be relatively humid. Instead of storing 156 meters of water, it ushered in the worst drought in eastern Sichuan in the 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The hot and summer weather hit a record high in Sichuan, which not only lasted for a long time, but also reached a record-breaking 45 degrees (this is still the official temperature. Many people in Chongqing feel that the temperature is much higher than this. )。 Chongqing suffered the worst drought in a century, with direct economic losses as high as 9.07 billion yuan, of which agricultural losses affected more than 20 million mu of crops, grain production decreased by more than 30%, and 8.2 million people had temporary drinking water difficulties.

From last summer to this spring, the drought continued, and the Yangtze River in Chongqing became a trickle, but the cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of Jinsha River are still storing water as planned. Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges, Dongting Lake in the lower reaches of the Three Gorges has been dry. In the past, it was a vast expanse of smoke, but now it is almost dry enough to wade through it on foot. Poyang Lake also ushered in drought. Erhu basin has been the core area of "Jiangnan" since ancient times!

No matter how great the effect is, the Three Gorges Reservoir has actually changed the ecology of the whole Yangtze River basin.

I thought it was warm in winter and cool in summer. Will it increase rainfall? Why did the temperature rise even more after the completion of the Three Gorges Project? Where are go-vern ment and those experts? Why not explain it? These experts can't find a suitable reason for shirking. It is nonsense to say that the Three Gorges has no impact on the climate. Because some time ago, these authoritative departments categorically said that the Three Gorges will have an impact on the climate (warm in winter and cool in summer), but now they suddenly say no, doesn't that prove that the previous statement is that a dog wears a chew-Le Hu? If it has an impact, why not continue to suffer from high temperature and drought as mentioned above?

Finally, imperial experts finally found an excuse, that is, "global warming." In a word, the Sichuan drought has nothing to do with the Three Gorges Project, but the whole earth has changed. Zhang Qiang, director of the Climate Impact Assessment Office of the National Climate Center of China Meteorological Bureau, believes that the high temperature phenomenon in Sichuan is caused by the large-scale system background. This summer, the "western deep gathering point" of subtropical high is generally higher than in previous years, and the subtropical high is generally north-west and lasts for a long time. He believes that the popular "barrel effect" theory has no sufficient scientific basis.

Zhang Qiang said that although the Three Gorges Basin is long, its width is not large, which has little impact on the climate along the basin, especially on the Sichuan Basin. Moreover, according to the scientific simulation of the Three Gorges experiment, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam will not lead to drought in the surrounding areas, but will increase the precipitation by about 10%.

Don't believe it? Then can you prove it to me?

Wang Hongqi, a geographer of Beijing School, put forward the "wooden barrel theory", arguing that the Sichuan Basin looks like a wooden barrel, the shortest board is the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, and there is a gap of tens of meters between 100 meters above sea level. Sichuan Basin is surrounded by mountains, and only one Yangtze River is connected with the outside world. The Three Gorges is the only gap in Sichuan Basin and an important channel for water vapor exchange with the outside world. Now a 200-meter-high "cliff" has been artificially added to this gap, which will inevitably hinder the water vapor cycle of the Yangtze River. Everyone who lives on the banks of the Yangtze River knows that in the past, on the Yangtze River from Yichang to Chongqing, the river wind was very strong, blowing from downstream to upstream. After storing water, it is obvious that the wind is not as strong as before. This undoubtedly proves the wind-resistant effect of the Three Gorges Dam.

Another problem that he didn't notice was that the river wind was cool, it was low-advancing, and the proportion of cold air was heavy, so it always flowed on the ground or at the bottom of the river, which was another necessary prerequisite for bringing rainfall to eastern Sichuan and Sichuan Basin: rainfall would not be formed without cumulonimbus clouds and water vapor, and the principle of rainfall was formed by the cross front of cold and warm air currents. Without the cool breeze on the ground, the cumulonimbus clouds in the middle and high levels will not fall to the ground, but will often float away. For example, the rainfall in Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province and Daba Mountain in Qinling Mountains is nearly 10% higher than that in previous years before impoundment. This estimated increment is actually the increment of the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges originally predicted by experts. Therefore, whether the cold wind whistling at the top of the mountain or not, the heat wave in the valley and canyon is rolling, and the macro climate has no effect on the microclimate.

This principle is similar to the drought in northern China in recent decades. Vegetation rivers in the north have been destroyed, and the surface temperature has risen a lot. Cumulonimbus clouds floated to the sky, but watched them float away eagerly, but instead of forming rain, they formed a vicious cycle of drought. This can also explain why the more well-preserved forest vegetation and original landform, the more abundant rainfall. The ancients in China called this "geogas". If the clouds can't reach geogas, it won't rain. According to the modern scientific explanation, it is necessary to give the premise of rainfall-cross fronts, the ground temperature is too high, which often leads to upward dry and warm currents, cumulonimbus clouds formed by warm and humid air currents can not go down, and condensed rainfall formed by cross fronts of cold and warm air currents can not go down.

The drought in Chongqing forced anti-aircraft artillery rocket launchers to increase rain and quench their thirst, but it didn't help.

Here I try to deconstruct the causes of high temperature and drought in eastern Sichuan.

Before the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, the water in the Yangtze River plummeted. Snow water accumulated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau keeps running, bringing cool water to the Sichuan Basin and taking away the heat from the Sichuan Basin. At the same time, the cool wind and water vapor from the Three Gorges are supported in the opposite direction to enter the eastern Sichuan and Sichuan basins. This alternation of cold and warm air currents has resulted in abundant rainfall on this line. The Three Gorges area in eastern Sichuan and Chongqing have always been places with abundant rainfall, with an average annual rainfall of about 1500mm.

After impounding, thousands of kilometers of rivers become very slow, and 700 kilometers of water in the reservoir area is basically a stagnant pool, completely losing the ability to take away heat and radiation. The temperature of flowing water will not rise too much in the process of flowing. Fast flowing water can not only ensure its own cooling, but also take away and release the surrounding heat, thus naturally adjusting the surrounding environment. But a pool of stagnant water is different, because it does not flow, so it will heat up quickly under the sunlight. If it is not carried away by the current, heat will continue to accumulate in the reservoir. Instead of cooling down, it became a "heat collector". At night, after the land temperature drops, the reservoir will still release the heat absorbed during the day to the surrounding environment (because of the large specific heat of water, this is also the reason why farmers release water into rice fields at night to prevent the rice fields from freezing). This is like installing a huge solar panel at the mouth of Sichuan basin, which continuously heats the surrounding area, causing the temperature around the reservoir to rise. And the high temperature makes the water vapor in the reservoir evaporate continuously, forming a huge high-temperature vapour band at the entrance of Sichuan Basin, and forming a long-lasting "sauna day".

At the same time, the Three Gorges Dam blocked the most important cold, wet and cool wind in the opposite direction of water flow. Some experts say that the Three Gorges Dam can't stop the climate, but it can stop the most important wet, cold and cool wind flowing at the bottom of the Xiajiang River. In addition, the moist heat trapped in Xiajiang Basin is like a furnace, which will heat or cut off any cold and humid airflow entering Sichuan. The cold and humid airflow entering Sichuan through the Three Gorges will be weakened by this hot and humid pressure belt. The Sichuan Basin is not blocked by the dam, and it will be destroyed by this furnace: there is no wind entering the relatively closed Xiajiang River, the air is not circulating and the heat dissipation is not smooth, which blocks the cold and humid airflow from the outside, and the heat cannot be discharged. Instead, it kept gathering in the basin and the export, and it couldn't rain. High temperature and drought were inevitable, and Sichuan really became a stove.

Experts "timely" stood up and said: Don't expect too much from the flood control capacity of the Three Gorges Project, because the storage capacity of the Three Gorges Project is actually limited. Completely overthrew the argument that "the day when the Three Gorges Project is completed is the time when the Yangtze River bid farewell to the flood". Then I found that the Three Gorges Dam hindered navigation, and the golden waterway of the Yangtze River was actually destroyed. So the secret recipe came out, and it was planned to build another multi-billion-dollar special highway between Yichang and the Three Gorges Dam (in fact, such a special highway Three Gorges Project had already been built). For some unknown reason, civilian cars are not allowed to pass recently. Traffic at the Three Gorges Dam was temporarily blocked. )。 Then the capacity of the ship lock can only reach half of the design, which proves once again how heavy the price of unscientific anti-democracy will be.