The growth story of musician O (╯□ ╰) O.

Chopin's Biography of frederick francois chopin (French: Frederic Fran? Ois Chopin,1865438+February 22nd 00- 1849-65438+ 10/7), formerly known as Friedrich Francisek Chopin (Polish: Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, sometimes spelled Szopen). He is one of the most influential and popular piano composers in history, one of the most important figures in Polish music history, and a representative of European romantic music in the19th century.

Chopin's father is French and his mother is Polish. The real date of birth is 18 10 at 6 pm on February 22nd. His mother took March 1 year as Chopin's date of birth, and March 1 year became the official date of birth. I like Polish folk music since I was a child. When I was seven years old, I wrote Polish dance music. At the age of eight, I performed on the stage, and before I was 20, I became famous. Chopin died young at the age of 39 and spent the rest of his life in France. He has created a large number of piano works, such as four ballads, more than ten Polish dance music including Army and Hero, twenty-six piano preludes including Raindrops, twenty-seven piano etudes including Parting and Revolution, four scherzos, three piano sonatas, at least thirty-two serenades, fifty-nine Mazzuca and two. Most of Chopin's life's creations are piano music, and he is known as a "piano poet". Masterpieces: Marca, Waltz.

Early life

Chopin 18 10 was born in Glasow, a small town in central Poland. 0? 3elazowa Wola, near Warsaw, Poland). When he was born, Poland was no longer a unified sovereign state, and was divided between Russia, Prussia and Austria. Chopin's mother is Polish, and his father nicolas chopin (1771-1844) is a Frenchman of Polish nationality. He originally lived in the vineyard that Lorraine inherited from his father. 1787 moved to Poland and became a Polish citizen. He participated in the Russo-Polish War and 1792. 0? 2ciuszko, 1746- 18 17, a Polish people's hero), became a French tutor of an aristocratic family after the second partition of Poland, and met a relative of an employer, namely Chopin's mother Justyna Krzy. 0? 4anowska They got married in 1806, and Chopin's father found a job teaching French in a middle school. Chopin's family moved to Warsaw in 18 10.

Chopin is regarded as a child prodigy in Poland. 18 16 started to learn piano at the age of 6, and my sister and mother taught piano performance. Chopin is a musical genius. He showed amazing musical talent at an early age. He was able to compose music when he was seven years old. His first work, Polish Dance in B Major and G Minor, was written in 18 17, which showed Chopin's extraordinary improvisation ability. He was called "the second Mozart" in Warsaw.

The following year, namely 18 18, Chopin, aged 8, played the works of Austrian composer Adal Bert Gerowitz at a charity concert, which was Chopin's first stage performance and entered the salon of Polish aristocrats.

From 1822, Chopin studied music theory and composition from Joseph Elsner (1769- 1854), and a year later he publicly played the German composer Ferdinand Rees (1784- 1838). 1826 After graduating from middle school, Chopin continued to study piano playing and composition with Joseph Elsne in the Conservatory of Music. Chopin is a diligent composer. His second work, Variations for Piano and Orchestra in B Major (Là ci darem la mano, op.2, 1827), is from Mozart's opera Don Deiberson Geovanni, which caused a sensation in Germany a few years later. 183 1 year, robert schumann, as a music critic, wrote "Gentlemen, take off your hat to the genius" in the most important music newspaper in Leipzig in the19th century, and gave a very high praise to Chopin's works.

By the time he was nineteen, he had composed two piano concertos. From 1829 to 183 1 year, Chopin held many concerts in Warsaw, Vienna and Paris, and his performances were highly praised by professional newspapers. "Soft performance, indescribable fluency, can arouse the deepest feelings of the perfect interpretation." [2], he is "one of the brightest meteors on the music horizon" [3]. From 65438 to 0829, Chopin fell in love with konstanz Gladcov Ska, a female student of the Conservatory of Music, but this unrequited love ended in vain. Chopin was unable to return to China because of 1830 uprising against the partition of Poland by foreign forces. Chopin's father also suggested that Chopin stay abroad temporarily. 183 1 year, Chopin finally reluctantly left his hometown of Poland and moved to Paris, France, where he began to make a living by playing, teaching and composing.

Life in Paris

Chopin soon fell in love with the city after moving to Paris. The architecture of Paris and the atmosphere of big cities deeply attracted Chopin. In a letter sent back to Poland, he wrote that Paris is "the most beautiful city in the world". In Paris, he first studied piano with his idol, French-German pianist and composer Friedrich Karl Bourayne (1785- 1849). However, he felt that the course lasted less than a month due to the limitation of teaching methods. Chopin attended a concert in Paris to earn living expenses. Chopin was not famous at first, and his income was only enough to make ends meet. Later, an influential patron took Chopin to a reception of Rothschild bankers. Chopin's piano performance touched the guests and won a large number of piano students in a blink of an eye, most of whom were female students. Chopin has had a steady income since 1833, and he has no worries about the economy through concerts, composition and piano lessons. Chopin even had a private carriage and entourage, and his clothes were made of high-grade materials. In contrast, other musicians, such as Richard Wagner and Peter ilych Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky, still need to count on their sponsors in the19th century.

Chopin visited many places during his stay in Paris. 1834, he and Schiller visited the Rhine Music Festival in Aachen. Chopin, Schiller and Mendelssohn met at the music festival and went to Dü sseldorf, koblenz and Cologne together. They appreciate each other's musical talents and learn from each other's musical skills.

Chopin has many friends, including poets Miao Sai, Balzac, Heine and Adam Mickiewicz, painter Delacroix, musician Liszt, Ferdinand Shearer and female writer george sand. Chopin first met George Thornton, dressed in men's clothes and smoking a cigarette, at Liszt's house, and fell in love with her at first sight.

The relationship with George Thornton

George sand 1837 Chopin was caught in a life crisis because of his unfortunate love affair with Maria Wozka, who was 18 years old. Just then, he met George Thornton, who was six years older than him, which made him regain his spiritual confidence.

The first time Chopin saw george sand, he felt that she was completely different from Maria Wozka. Maria Wozska is a typical lady, but the poet George Sander looks very proud and shy. However, the love between Chopin and george sand is legendary. On the one hand, george sand is a passionate woman pursued by many young talents. On the other hand, George Thornton later destroyed most of the letters sent to her, making it impossible to determine the true relationship between Chopin and her.

1838165438+10 In October, George Sander and her two children, Maurice and Solange, moved to the town of Fadmosa in Mallorca, Spain. Morris suffers from rheumatism. According to the doctor's advice, george sand hoped that the Spanish climate would help improve Morris's health. Chopin also moved to Mallorca. Chopin suffered from tuberculosis all his life, and he hoped that the warm climate would alleviate his pain. However, contrary to expectations, Morris's condition improved obviously, while Chopin's tuberculosis developed into pneumonia because of poor room conditions and bad weather. After 98 days, Chopin and George Thornton left Mallorca. Although the journey was short, Chopin and george sand left a deep impression on them. George sand recorded this experience in her novel Winter in Mallorca.

Chopin spent his summers from 1839 to 1843 in his hometown of George Thornton. These are some quiet days. Chopin wrote many works, including the famous Polish dance music Hero.

The love affair between Chopin and george sand ended on 1847, and neither of them broke up publicly. At that time, george sand's daughter Solange fell in love with the poor sculptor Auguste Clay Singh, which triggered a family conflict in george sand. George sand has become very belligerent. When Chopin learned of the secret engagement between Solange and Auguste Klesinger, he not only did not object, but also showed his approval, which made Jeangeorges Sang very angry.

die young

Chopin 1848 The pillar of the Holy Cross Church in Warsaw, where fryderyk Chopin's heart was placed, held his last concert in Paris. After that, he went to England and Scotland He planned to hold several concerts and salons in London in June165438+1October, but he had to give up these plans and return to Paris because of severe tuberculosis. 1849 is getting worse, so he can't continue teaching and performing. Finally, he died at his home in the center of Paris on 10+07 at the age of 39.

Chopin hoped to play Mozart's requiem at his funeral, but most of the requiem was sung by women. The church where Chopin's funeral was held never allowed women in the choir, so the funeral was postponed for nearly two weeks. Finally, the church finally gave in and allowed female singers to sing behind the scenes, so that Chopin's last wish could be realized. Nearly 3000 people attended Chopin's funeral in 10/0/0. The singers included Luigi Lablache who sang requiem for Beethoven's funeral in 1827 and lakshmi Ya who sang for Bei Lini's funeral in 1835.

According to Chopin's wishes, he was buried in the cemetery of Father Lahz in Paris, and played the funeral March in Sonata Op. 35 when he was buried. Although Chopin was buried in Father Lachez Cemetery in Paris, he asked that his heart be placed in an urn, transferred to Warsaw and sealed on a pillar of the Church of the Holy Cross. Chopin's tombstone in Father Rashid's cemetery always attracts many tourists. Even in the dead winter, flowers are still flowing. Later, Chopin's friend in Poland brought a pot of soil from his hometown to Paris and sprinkled it on Chopin's grave so that Chopin could be buried under the soil in Poland. [Edit this paragraph] The creative process Chopin's creation can be divided into four periods, namely, the Warsaw period, the Warsaw Uprising period, the heyday in Paris and the later period.

The creation in Warsaw period (early years ~ 1830) did not occupy a very important position in Chopin's whole creation except for a few works. But it is the starting point of Chopin's life creation, and it has already shone with the brilliance of national feelings and styles. This is found in his Polonaise in D minor (1827), Polonaise in E flat major (183 1), Mazzuca in C major (1829) and Mazzuca in F major (1). The most important works in this period are two piano concertos by 1830. These two works are full of romantic temperament, the experience of love life, the warm yearning for happiness, and the resulting bright and cheerful emotions run through the whole song. Music is full of folk colors. The theme of the last movement of the second piano concerto is simple and beautiful Mazzuca dance style, while the theme of the last movement of the first piano concerto is strong and rough melody with strong Krakowiak dance style.

During the Warsaw Uprising (from the end of 1830 to 183 1 year), Chopin's creation made a leap. Scherzo in B minor (183 1) was composed by him during his stay in Vienna. The patriotic enthusiasm aroused by the uprising is intertwined with the yearning for relatives in the motherland, which constitutes a poem that is both severe and gentle. Etudes in C minor (alias "Revolutionary Etudes", 183 1) and Preludes in D minor (183 1) were created after the fall of Warsaw, and the feelings of grief and indignation and the art form of strict washing training reached a highly perfect unity, which became Chopin's early music creation. At the same time, the prelude in A minor is full of confusion, and the musical conception is strange and novel.

In the heyday of Paris (1832 ~ 1845), Chopin's profound national content, original artistic form and skillful musical style brought his art to perfection. His creation involves various genres of piano music, from etudes, preludes, Mazzuca dances, Polonaise dances, nocturnes, waltzes and impromptu, to more complicated ballads, scherzos and sonatas, and he has achieved fruitful artistic results. Most of Chopin's etudes were written during this period, among which the etudes in E major (1832), B minor (1834) and A minor (1834) are the most prominent.

Etudes in e major is a sad and deep elegy, and its tune belongs to one of the most beautiful pieces created by Chopin, which is full of infinite love for the motherland. Etude in b minor is a work full of gloom and anger. Its theme is intense and dramatic, but its middle part is permeated with a meditative and quiet sad atmosphere. In an etude genre suitable for mainly expressing a single image, it is rare for Chopin's etudes to adopt such a strong principle of double-theme contrast to cause sharp drama conflicts.

"Etudes in A minor" is full of emotion and great momentum. The whole song has developed from a simple musical motivation of using horns to a magnificent stream, pushing music to a dramatic and tragic climax with shocking power. Among Chopin's three sonatas, the piano sonata in B flat minor (1839) is the most outstanding in terms of profundity and artistic originality, and the funeral March, the third movement, is one of the most popular chapters in Chopin's music.

Nocturne is the most romantic genre in Chopin's creation. His early nocturnes were deeply influenced by J. Field, an English composer, who pursued exquisite, gorgeous, elegant and beautiful music style with strong romantic and sentimental sentiment. The nocturnes created after the exile in Paris are more profound in content and more personalized in music style. His "Nocturne in C Minor" (184 1) is completely free from the influence of the field. Its theme is unpretentious, serious and sad, and the development of music is becoming more and more dramatic. It indicates that Chopin raised the creation of nocturne to an unprecedented height, and greatly tapped the performance potential of nocturne, making it a music genre that can accommodate profound social content.

Chopin's four ballads were all written during this period, and some of them are directly related to Polish national epics and folklore. For example, the creation of Ballad in G minor (1835) was directly inspired by the long poem Conrad Wallenrode by the Polish national poet Mitzi Kevic. Chopin captured the deep, serious and fearless character of Warren Lord, a hero who gave his life for the nation, and the tense tragic atmosphere that runs through the whole poem, and it was reflected in the form of strict sonata allegro movement. The narrative in F major (1839) is adapted from the folk fantasy story poem Sved Shiyanka by the same poet. The original poem describes an ungrateful young hunter who is finally punished for betraying his vows of love and dragged into the bottom of the lake by Shi Yanka, a fairy in Swedely. Chopin didn't try to describe or imply the story of the original poem in this ballad, but showed two opposing situations in a highly generalized way, revealing the artistic conception and emotional atmosphere of the original poem through the development of contradictions and conflicts between them. Polonaise dance is the most intense genre in Chopin's creation during this period. In his early years, the tendency of paying attention to the external gorgeous effect in Polonaise's dance music was replaced by profound and strong national spirit and unpretentious, resolute and bold artistic style. Chopin either draws spiritual strength from the heroes in Polish national history, or inspires national feelings by remembering the glorious past of the motherland and lamenting the suffering of today's decline, so as to express inner resentment and inspire national spirit.

Polonaise Dance in A Major (1838) is an ode to victory and triumph, with a full and powerful voice running through it like an orchestra, showing the glorious scene of ancient Poland when it celebrated its national victory. Polonaise Dance in C minor (1839) is a sad song, lamenting the fall of the motherland. The emotional tone of the theme is sad and depressing, but it is not sentimental at all. Polonaise Dance in F minor (184 1) is large-scale and dramatic, which is related to the imagination of national war scenes in Polish history. The tragic and stern beginning and end are in sharp contrast with the gloomy and melancholy middle part, which is unique in Polonaise school.

Polonaise Dance in A flat major (1842) is the most determined, heroic, magnificent and majestic piece of this kind of music. Its theme rhythm is decisive and powerful, the melody is warm and heroic, the big mode and the harmony are distinct, which embodies an indomitable national hero image. The middle part of the music is full of vivid shapes, and the sound of hooves and horns are intertwined, forming an ancient battlefield scene with galloping horses and moonlight swords. The composer's nostalgia for the past and realistic feelings are combined to form a surging national feeling, which cannot be suppressed.

In the later period (1846 ~ 1849), Chopin's creation showed an obvious declining trend. Fantasy Polonaise (1846) is an important work in this period. Although there is no high-pitched and heroic voice of Polonaise in A-flat major, the impassioned and generous paragraphs sung by him because of his longing for the future of the motherland and the nation are still very infectious. Mazzuca in G minor (1849) and Mazzuca in F minor (1849) are Chopin's last two works. The former is a kind and warm song, expressing the last bit of attachment to life; The latter poured out his last thoughts on his loved ones in the faint sadness. [Edit this paragraph] Overview of Chopin's works Chopin's works are mainly piano music. Although many of his works are quite difficult, he never takes showing off his skills as his ultimate goal. Chopin's works pay more attention to poetry and delicate emotions.

separate

As a Polish composer, Chopin made a landmark contribution to Polish dance music and Mazuka in his hometown. One of the earliest works was Polish Dance in G minor (K. 889) in 18 17. Chopin was only seven years old at that time, and he had been composing Polish dance music all his life. Many Polish dance works of his youth were not published in the end, because he thought they were too monotonous. Chopin first focused on the works of pioneers Karl Maria von Weber and Johann Niebaum hummel, and then his works in Paris were full of Chopin's longing for his native Poland. All his existing Polish dance music (starting from Op. 26. 1) begins with a cadenza.

Mazzuca is different from Polish dance music. At the beginning of19th century, it was a brand-new music form, but it soon became popular all over Europe. Chopin not only listened to Mazzuca in the city salon, but also listened to the original ecological folk form of Mazzuca in Poland. /kloc-completed his first Mazuka (Mazuka in B major, 89 1-895) when he was 0/5 years old. The most distinctive feature is the wonderful use of variable scale and fifth scale bass, which comes from Op. 6( 1830).

Generally speaking, Chopin's works are not suitable for dancing, because most of them are too fast, and so are his waltzes. Chopin's waltzes are written for Sharon, mostly in major, because major is more cheerful than minor. One of the most famous is "One Minute Waltz", which is fast-paced and full of passion. In fact, it's not what people often hear, and it's not that people try to finish it in one minute. Whether Chopin himself or other pianists can finish playing in one minute is unknown. The reason why it is named "One Minute Waltz" is to express. This work was inspired by a little dog running around chasing its tail, so this waltz is also called "Dog Waltz".

Another kind of music developed by Chopin is nocturne. Chopin * * * has a 2 1 serenade. His nocturnes were deeply influenced by john field, an Irish composer, pianist and inventor of nocturnes. Chopin's nocturnes are more harmonious in sound, full of changing rhythms, more flexible in tune, and have the style of bel canto.

Chopin wrote twenty-four piano preludes during his short trip to Mallorca, corresponding to the fifth scale in sequence, starting from C major and ending in A minor, and major and minor alternated.

sonata

Chopin has only three sonatas in a large number of piano works. At that time, the classical music in Vienna had strict requirements on the form of music, which made Chopin unable to master it freely, or Chopin might just be unwilling to be bound by the form. Chopin's first sonata was written in the early days and dedicated to his teacher Joseph Elsner. His third sonata (op.58, 1844) is a commemorative work.

The most popular is the piano sonata No.2 in B minor (OP.35, 1839), and the third movement is the famous March of Funèbre, which has nothing to do with the previous movements of Grave-Doppio Movimento and Scherzo and the rhythm of the finale. Chopin's piano sonata caused controversy at that time. First, all the movements of the sonata were written in minor, which was unusual at that time. Sonatas in minor usually have at least one major movement. Secondly, the theme of each movement is disgusting, which caused Schumann's protest. Grave-Doppio moviemento was panting in the first movement, Scherzo's scherzo was almost violent in the second movement, Schumann described the funeral March in the third movement as "brutal" (German: grauenhaft), and the fourth movement lacked melody, all of which were inappropriate at that time.

In addition, Chopin also wrote four ballads and four scherzos, all of which are quite beautiful works. Chopin's etudes op. 10, op.25 and three other works published after Chopin's death require high performance skills and are very suitable for concerts. The representative works are revolutionary etudes in c minor (Op. 10No. 12). Chopin took etude to a new level. Previous etudes, such as carl czerny's etudes, mostly focused on teaching purposes. Later, Franz Liszt, alexander scriabin and Claude Debussy also developed etudes.

Among Chopin's impromptu works, the representative work is Fantasy Impromptu in C minor, which was published after Chopin's death. Chopin didn't want to publish it, because he found that the middle part of the work was strikingly similar to a piano work by Bohemian composer ignaz Moscheles (1794- 1870).

concerto

Besides solo works, Chopin also has two piano concertos,No. 1 (e minor) and No.2 (f minor), which are often played by many pianists in concerts.

Piano ConcertoNo. 1 (Op. 1 1 in E minor) was composed on 1830 and premiered on 1830+00. Chopin once explained this work in a letter to a friend: "The adagio movement of the new concerto is in E major, and I don't particularly require this part to be stronger. I made this work with a romantic, calm and slightly melancholy mood, which must give people the feeling of watching a memory that can cause countless happiness. For example, the impression of a beautiful moon in spring. " This work is dedicated to piano teacher Kalkbrenner (1788-1849).

Allegro Solo in 1.E minor. The form follows the classical concerto form created by Mozart. The first theme is played by orchestral ensemble, and the second theme is played by strings in E major. After the piano appeared, these two themes were expressed skillfully and luxuriously, and then the presentation was ended with an orchestra. The development department is in C major, and the piano begins to deal with the second half of the first theme. Since then, these themes have undergone various major changes. The tone of the reproduction part was changed to G major, and finally reached a climax in the excitement of brilliant piano skills.

2. Romantic, adagio, E major, nocturne style. The theme is like a song character, which consists of two parts. The second half begins in B major, and enters the middle part of excitement after the intermission, and the slightly gloomy new theme in C minor appears with strong voice. After the theme is played, it goes back to the second half of the still complicated theme in G-sharp major for modification. The ending is made of overture material, decorated with scales and arpeggios, and then ends like smoke.

3. Rondo in E major, Allegro. Piano humorously induces the first theme and leads to interesting repetition. The way of insertion is very attractive to Mozart, and the ending is a gorgeous finale, which ends with the piano playing three high-pitched music streams.

representative works

Chopin * * * published 65 numbered works (Op. 1- Op. 65) and 1 1 (Op. 66- Op. 74, including 3 Ops. 72) after his death.

Among them, the more famous are:

Tchaikovsky: Piano Concerto No.1

Piano Concerto No.2

Gorgeous waltz in e flat major

"Puppy" Waltz in D flat major, also known as "One Minute Waltz"

Waltz in c sharp minor

Waltz in A flat major "Farewell Waltz"

Waltz in g flat major

Polish dance music "Army" in A major

Polish dance in A flat major "Hero"

Serenade in e flat major

Nocturne in F sharp major

Serenade in b flat minor

Serenade in a flat major

Mazuka dance no.23

Mazuka dance no.44

Etude "Revolution" in C minor

Etude in e major "Farewell, Farewell, Sadness Etude"

Narration 1

The first scherzo

Prelude 7

Fantasy impromptu in c sharp minor

Revolutionary etude