How to use "Sanshui" in comprehensive fish farms? What's the effect?

Because Sanshui has high yield, comprehensive nutrition and lax environmental requirements, it is convenient to manage, less labor and low cost. According to the author's investigation, each person can manage about 4 hectares of "Sanshui", which is extremely efficient in protein. According to the different yield levels of water hyacinth in the north and south of China, each worker can produce up to 2 1 ~ 84 tons of crude protein for more than half a year. According to the author's investigation and test, the feed cost of raising grass carp with water hyacinth is only 1/6 of that of wheat. In addition, "Sanshui" has a wide range of uses, which can be used as feed or green manure. If used as feed, it is suitable for fish, livestock and poultry. Therefore, "Sanshui" is used by many comprehensive fish farms. Sanshui is a good feed for fish farming. Sanshui is easy to process, and can be used as feed for different species and different development stages through different processing methods.

(1) "Sanshui" to cultivate fry

Beat sanshui into straw pulp with a high-speed beater, filter the weeding residue and sprinkle the pool water. It's like splashing soybean milk to cultivate fry. "Sanshui" straw pulp can be used as feed and fertilizer for fry ponds, which can be directly or indirectly used by fry. Water peanuts contain more saponins (3.8%), so fish don't like to eat them. Therefore, after the water peanuts are pulped, they should be mixed with salt according to 0.3% of the grass weight, and let stand for about 3 ~ 4 hours to reduce the saponin content, and then spread all over the pond. The feeding amount for a seed pond with a water depth of about 1.5m is generally 900 ~ 1200kg per hectare per day. Feed it twice every morning and noon. The feeding amount increases gradually with the growth of fish, and increases or decreases according to the weather and water quality changes. Three days before stocking the fry, put about 1.950 kg straw pulp on each hectare of water surface as "base fertilizer" to ensure that the fry are rich in water when they go to the pond.

Using "Sanshui" straw pulp to cultivate fry has the advantages of fast growth and high survival rate, and the effect is similar to or better than that of soybean milk. 17.5 ~ 25 kg (wet weight) of Alternanthera philoxeroides can be equivalent to 1 kg (dry weight) of soybean fry. The cost of Alternanthera philoxeroides is only118 ~113 of soybean.

(2) Fish species cultivated by Sanshui

We must adopt different processing and utilization methods and some necessary supplementary measures according to the different types of main cultured fish. Silver carp, bighead carp and other filter-feeding fish are the main species, while grass, bream, carp and other devouring fish are mainly mixed and cultured with "Sanshui" straw pulp, but it is not necessary to filter out leaf residue. Because these leaves are tiny leaves, they can be used by swallowed fish. At first, it averaged 975 kilograms per hectare per day, and later it increased to 1500 kilograms, and it was fed twice a day. Before stocking fish, straw pulp can also be used as "base fertilizer", about 1950 kg per hectare. In order to meet the needs of swallowing fish, in the later stage of fish culture, some "Sanshui" will be chopped by a green feed chopper for many times or manually, except for pulping, so that "Sanshui" will be in the form of tiny fragments and filaments. Water peanuts should also be kneaded with 0.3% salt. In addition, in addition to the chopping method, a small amount of grain feed, such as bran, bean dregs, soaked and crushed bean cakes, vegetable cakes, etc., can be properly put in the middle and late stages, which not only meets the feeding needs of swallowing fish, but also increases body fat, which is conducive to wintering. Every 10000 fish is fed about 2 kg a day, and gradually increases to about 3 kg. Concentrate should be fed after straw pulp feeding 1 hour. Twice a day, at a fixed time, first straw pulp, and then concentrated. For example, silver carp and bighead carp are mixed with herbivorous fish such as grass, bream and bream: they are primarily processed into straw pulp, and the leaf residue is not filtered. With the growth of fish species, straw pulp will gradually become fragments in about 7 cm. About 50 kilograms per 10,000 fish per day, which is gradually increased with the growth of the fish. Feed it twice a day and throw it into the food field. Mainly herring and carp, the stocking ratio of these two kinds of fish generally only accounts for 55% ~ 60% of the total stocking, and the rest are silver carp or bighead carp. Therefore, the method of paying equal attention to "Sanshui" straw pulp and concentrated feed can be adopted. Three days before stocking, the average input per hectare was 1950 kg straw pulp and fertilizer. Then feed 900 kg/ha twice a day. The feeding amount also increases with the growth of fish, and it should be increased or decreased according to the water quality, weather and fish activities. Feeding bran, soaked and crushed bean cake, vegetable cake and smaller compound bait at the initial stage of culture. The feeding amount is determined according to the weight of fish species and the nutritional components of feed (especially protein), which is generally 3% of fish weight (protein content is more than 20%). At the beginning, the dry weight of broken bean cake was put into 1 kg per 10,000 tails every day, and gradually increased to 5 ~ 6 kg with the growth. Bran, bran, etc. 2-3 times the above amount. Throw it on the food table twice a day. Put straw pulp first, and then concentrate it every 1 hour. When the herring grows above 10 cm, it can be fed to the crushed snails. Every day, about 30 kg (fresh weight) per 10,000 tails is gradually increased to 100 kg.

(3) "Sanshui" raises edible fish

Different processing and utilization methods must be adopted according to the main fish species. If herbivorous fish is the staple food, water hyacinth and Eichhornia crassipes can be directly fed. If water peanuts are directly fed, fish will not eat them, and if they are not removed in time, they will breed and spread. The method of directly feeding water hyacinth and water hyacinth is simple and does not need processing. But the utilization rate is very low. Under normal circumstances, the utilization rate of water hyacinth can only reach about 50%, and it will not be eaten until its gourd-shaped swelling part. The utilization rate of water hyacinth can reach 70% ~ 80%. Because of the low utilization rate, according to its investment, according to the author's experiments and investigations, it takes 85 ~ 1 00 kg of fresh water hyacinth to produce1kg of herbivorous fish. In order to improve its utilization rate, it can be chopped by green feed machine and green feed chopper, or cut into shreds manually, and the appropriate width is 0.5 ~ 1 cm. Because some straw pulp is also produced in the chopping process, the feces of herbivorous fish are rich in water. If the weight ratio of polyculture filter-feeding fish to grass carp is below 20%, there is no need to add straw pulp. If it exceeds this ratio, a part of straw pulp should be treated at the same time to meet the needs of filter-feeding fish. The utilization rate of feed is greatly improved after chopping. According to the author's experimental investigation, 45 ~ 50kg fresh water hyacinth can produce herbivorous fish 1kg.

When feeding mainly filter-feeding fish such as silver carp and bighead carp, the "Sanshui" is processed into straw pulp. Don't filter the fallen leaves. The average daily throw per hectare is about 1.200 kg, which is small at first and increases with the growth of fish. For a large number of mixed herbivorous fish, it is necessary to add some "Sanshui" silk.

"Sanshui" can not only be used in pond culture, but also be used to raise fish on the large water surface by raising lakes (rivers). In the lake (river) where fish are raised, choose a suitable place to breed "Sanshui" (among which water hyacinth is the best), and feed it at a fixed point after processing. Choose the feeding point where many fish appear. This method is more effective if fish are raised in fences and cages. According to the main fish species, different processing methods are adopted to raise fish in fixed-point fences or cages. This method has the best effect of enclosing fish with herbivorous fish, high utilization rate of water hyacinth and low feed coefficient. Using "Sanshui" to raise lakes, it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between production and consumption of "Sanshui" (daily consumption is 1/3 ~ 1/2), which not only ensures supply, but also does not cause disasters due to insufficient utilization, as in Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province.

(4) Sanshui is an excellent feed.

Comprehensive fish farms often use "Sanshui" to raise livestock and poultry, and use livestock manure to raise fish. When feeding livestock in Sanshui, it is best to chop them up and feed them, which can improve the utilization rate. For water hyacinth growing in toxic sewage containing phenol and heavy metal salts, its roots should be cut off and burned to prevent toxic substances adsorbed by fibrous roots from being transferred to livestock and poultry. Feed livestock with water hyacinth and water hyacinth, preferably cooked or fermented to prevent the spread of ginger worms. Water peanuts should be added with 0.3% ~ 0.5% salt. Fresh manure should not be sprayed directly into farmland to feed livestock after flowering and fruiting, and it is better to use it after decomposition to avoid the spread of water peanut seeds in farmland. Usually, the feeding amount of pigs is 30% ~ 50% of the diet (dry weight), and the proportion increases gradually with the increase of body weight. 0. 1 ~ 0.5 kg/head for piglets and 0.7 ~ 1. 1.5 kg/head for finishing pigs. In order to save food and feed and reduce costs, some fattening pigs in comprehensive fish farms mainly feed "three waters", supplemented by concentrate. On average, each head is fed about 5 kg of sanshui every day, supplemented by 1 kg of concentrate. The daily feeding amount of dairy cows per 100 kg body weight is about 10 kg. Sheep are fed about the same amount as cattle. Because sheep have low requirements for feed, "Sanshui" can be fed directly without processing. Water hyacinth and water hyacinth feed broilers and laying hens 0.05 ~ 0. 1 kg on average every day, and ducks 0.2 kg on average every day. Chickens and ducks don't like peanuts.

Water hyacinth has a strong purification ability for water quality. Therefore, water hyacinth can be used to purify the environment and provide feed for pond farming and livestock farming. Especially in eutrophic lakes near some towns where ships often sail, water hyacinth can be used to purify water quality, inhibit the reproduction of cyanobacteria harmful to fish, eliminate phenol harmful to fish, and develop fish culture by raising lakes.

If fish farms are farmed on a large scale, there will often be a surplus of "three waters" in the vigorous growth period. If they are not harvested in time, their growth will be affected, water resources and sunshine resources will not be fully utilized, and fish and livestock will lack green feed at other times. Therefore, various storage methods can be used for adjustment and utilization. Green storage: it can preserve more nutrients in green substances and is a good way to prepare fish feed for spring shortage. The specific method is to dry the fished "Sanshui" in the sun for a day or two to reduce the moisture, then chop it with a green feed chopper or by hand, put it in the cellar, compact it and seal it with a film. Because there are more water in the three rivers, the cellar site should be built in a slightly higher terrain with a slope, and the above-ground cellar should be established to discharge excess water. Coarse materials such as grass powder and chaff can also be mixed to absorb too much water. The ratio of "Sanshui" to grass powder is about 3: 1, and the ratio of grass powder in the upper layer can be less than 1, and the lower layer is more. Water storage: ponds and rivers with no ice or only thin ice in winter can be tied with "Sanshui" and soaked in water, which can preserve bright green for a long time and be used in spring when feed is in short supply.