Climatic characteristics of Taiwan Province Province.

Taiwan Province Island is long and narrow from north to south, surrounded by a large watershed. The Tropic of Cancer just passes through the south-central part of the island, with subtropical climate in the north and tropical climate in the south. From the flat land to the high mountain, with the elevation rising, the temperature gradually decreases, forming the climate characteristics of heat, temperature and cold in the same time and space. At the same time, although the climate of Taiwan Province Province is strongly influenced by both the ocean and the mainland, the maritime climate is obvious, which is characterized by high temperature, rainy and windy on the whole.

Temperature and sunshine

The average annual temperature in the plains of Taiwan Province Province is 23.6 degrees Celsius. Among them, the average annual temperature in the north is about 22 degrees Celsius and that in the south is about 25 degrees Celsius. The average temperature difference between north and south in winter is about 5 degrees Celsius, but it is not much different in summer. The flat land in the province is long in summer and short in winter, while the southern part is long in summer without winter. After April every year, the average temperature is above 20 degrees Celsius for 8 months. The hottest June-September, the average temperature is 27-28 degrees Celsius. February 65438 to March of the following year is winter. The average temperature is above 15 to 16 degrees Celsius, and the average minimum temperature is higher than 1 1 degrees Celsius.

Influenced by the continental cold air mass, the northeast monsoon prevails in Taiwan Province Province in winter, but it is restricted by the warm current from the north to the equator. In summer, influenced by the Pacific subtropical high, the southwest monsoon prevails, and the southeast monsoon from the Pacific Ocean is blocked by the central mountain range.

The vertical variation of temperature in mountainous areas of Taiwan Province Province is much larger than that in the north and south, and the temperature decreases with the increase of mountain situation. In the mountainous areas of the northern region, the temperature drops by about 0.6 degrees Celsius at an altitude of 100 meters. In the south-central region, the temperature drops by about 0.5 degrees Celsius at an altitude of 100 meters. In winter, you can see snow at the peak above 3000 meters above sea level. The average annual temperature at the top of Yushan Mountain is only 3.8 degrees Celsius.

Taiwan Province Province is sunny. The annual sunshine hours in the plain area are 2 100 hours, the average sunshine hours in the central mountainous area are less than 1000 hours, the average sunshine hours in the north and south are 1500 to 1700 hours, the average sunshine hours in the central Taichung area are 2454 hours, and the average sunshine hours in the southern Tainan area are 26/kloc-0.

The high temperature and abundant sunshine in the plain area of Taiwan Province Province provide favorable conditions for the growth of various crops. Vertical change of mountain climate, vertical change of vegetation distribution, plant species. The annual sunshine hours in Taiwan Province Province are influenced by rainfall distribution and topography, and the number of high mountains is less than that of flat land. The average annual sunshine hours in plain areas are 2 1000 hours, while the average annual sunshine hours in central mountainous areas are less than1000 hours. The northern and eastern regions are less than the central and southern regions, with an average dimension of 65,438+0,500 to 700 hours, and the average in Taichung in the central region is 2,454 hours. Tainan in the south has the most 26 1.9 hours, while Yilan, Jijiang and Suao 1.400 hours in the north are the least.

Precipitation and temperature

Taiwan Province Province is one of the regions with the richest rainfall in China, with an average annual rainfall of over 2000mm, equivalent to 90 billion cubic meters of water, which is three times the average rainfall in the world.

The distribution characteristics of precipitation in Taiwan Province Province are as follows: precipitation in mountainous areas is more than that in plain areas; In the flat land, there are more marginal zones near the mountain than those far away from it; There are more plains in the east than in the west. The average annual precipitation in the central mountainous area is about 3000 mm, that in the flat land is about 1800 mm, that in the eastern flat land is between 1500-3000 mm, and that in the western flat land is the largest in Keelung in the north, with an annual precipitation of 3600 mm..

The rainless area in Taiwan Province Province is located in the west, south of Dajiaxi and north of Zengwen Reservoir, that is, the central and western parts of Jianan Plain. Among them, the average annual precipitation of Zhutang in Changhua County in 32 years exceeds 1 183mm, and that of Lugang 13 years does not exceed 1258mm.

The seasonal distribution of precipitation in Taiwan Province Province is closely related to monsoon and topography. There are obvious differences between the north and the south, and the seasonal changes of rainfall are also different. In summer, the southwest monsoon prevails, but the wind is weak, the temperature in various places generally rises, the water vapor in the air increases, the convection is strong, and there are many thunderstorms. Because there are many typhoons, it brings a lot of precipitation to the whole province. In winter (10 to March of the following year), the northeast monsoon prevails, and the cold air mass from the southern part of the mainland brings rich water vapor to Taiwan Province Island through the East China Sea, and the rainy season forms in the north and northeast, with precipitation accounting for about 60% of the whole year.

The rainy days in Taiwan Province Province are quite consistent with the annual precipitation, that is, there is more precipitation and more rainy days. The distribution characteristics of rainy days are: more mountains than flat land, more east than west, the whole island decreases from north to south, and the monthly precipitation changes from north to south. Precipitation intensity (precipitation per unit time) is generally higher in summer than in winter except Keelung in the north. Among them, the seasonal variation of precipitation intensity in the northern region is small, and the seasonal variation in the central, southern and eastern regions is large. Although there is abundant precipitation in Taiwan Province Province, there are still droughts in different degrees due to the differences in geographical and seasonal distribution. Although precipitation is the main source of water resources in Taiwan Province Province, abnormal precipitation often brings serious floods.

The relative humidity in Taiwan Province Province is relatively high, with little change, and the annual average relative humidity is mostly between 78-85%. In summer months, the relative humidity in other areas is above 80%, except in the northern part of Danshui, Keelung and Taipei. In winter months, the relative humidity in the eastern and southern parts of Taiwan Province Province is relatively low, about 75%, and it is far above 80% in other areas. The relative humidity in the central mountainous area has no obvious seasonal variation, and it is around 80% in all seasons.