Are wooden cows and flowing horses real?

Is it true that a wooden cow and a flowing horse are true?

More than 1,700 years ago, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, invented a wooden cow and flowing horse. However, what kind of transportation is a wooden cow and flowing horse? For thousands of years, people have put forward various opinions and argued endlessly. According to historical records, "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Zhuge Liang" records: "Liang Xing was good at ingenuity, and his profits and losses were repeated with a crossbow, and the wooden ox and the horse were all unexpected." "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of the Later Master" records: "In the ninth year of Jianxing, Liang returned to Qishan to In the spring of the twelfth year, Liang learned that the masses came out of Xiegu and used flowing horses to transport troops. According to Wuzhangyuan, he and Sima Xuan went to Weinan. "The above records clearly indicate that the wooden ox and flowing horses were indeed Zhuge Liang's invention. The wooden ox and the flowing horse are two different tools. Judging from the chronological order of the use of the wooden ox and the flowing horse, the wooden ox and the flowing horse came first, and the flowing horse is an improved version of the wooden ox. Pei Songzhi of the Northern and Southern Dynasties who annotated "Three Kingdoms" quoted a record about a wooden cow and a flowing horse in the now lost "Zhuge Liang Collection", described the image of the wooden cow, and recorded some of the dimensions of the flowing horse. However, because no physical objects or figures have survived to later generations, future generations’ understanding of wooden oxen and flowing horses has always been very rare and shrouded in mist. Two hundred years after Zhuge Liang created the wooden cow and flowing horse, Zu Chongzhi, a technological genius during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, is said to have created a wooden cow and flowing horse. "Book of Southern Qi: Biography of Zu Chong" says: "Zhuge Liang had a wooden ox and a flowing horse, so he built a tool that would move by itself without any feng shui, without using manpower." What is difficult to understand is that he also did not leave any detailed information. material. However, the record about Zu Chongzhi’s creation of a wooden cow and flowing horse provides evidence for the view of automatic machinery. This is a major point of view on the wooden cow and flowing horse. It is believed that the use of gears to make machinery was common during the Three Kingdoms period. The wooden cow and flowing horse praised by later generations should be a method of using the gear principle. Automatic machinery made. In Huangsha Town, Mian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, historical records record that this is the place where Zhuge Liang made wooden cows and flowing horses. According to research, Zhuge Liang used the wooden cow and flowing horse three times during the eight-year Northern Expedition. The wooden cow and flowing horse started from here and walked a 250-kilometer plank road to the front line of Qishan Wuzhangyuan. The local old man described the legendary wooden cow and horse to us: "The horse's head is made of wood, and other scattered small pieces form the horse's body, and then the horse's legs are assembled, and a gear is placed in the middle of the belly. There is a wrench behind the wooden horse, and it is operated by a wrench. Press one step forward, then press one step forward.” From this legend, it can be seen that the wooden cow and the flowing horse have gears, and they also seem to use the principle of leverage. Not long ago, Liang Guojun, an ordinary rural teacher in Botou, Hebei Province, said that he had restored a wooden cow and a horse, and it was very successful. Our reporter made a special trip there to have a look with great interest. The wooden cows and flowing horses made by Liang Guojun are all wooden machines with four legs and a hollow belly that can carry heavy objects. By pressing and lifting the horse's neck, the flowing horse will spread its legs and walk; the wooden ox walks by pressing the double shafts at the back. According to Liang Guojun, the principle of the wooden ox and flowing horse he made is consistent with historical records: "'The wooden ox rears up on its double shafts, and the flowing horse is shaped like an elephant.' There is a long labor-saving arm behind the wooden ox, which is the double shaft; the flowing horse's The labor-saving arm is its long horse's neck, which is shaped like an elephant." What's even more clever is that Liang Guojun implemented a hidden lock function on his flowing horse. By twisting the tongue, the horse's head was locked and it could not walk. This is very consistent with the description in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". However, the wooden cow and flowing horse restored by Liang Guojun encountered opposition from another group. Guo Qinghua, curator of the Mian County Museum in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province and director of the Three Kingdoms Cultural Research Center in Shaanxi Province, believed that the wooden cow and flowing horse could not have four legs: "The plank road is paved with wooden boards, and the middle The gaps vary in width. How can four legs walk on a board with gaps? Even if you are walking on a non-plank road, it is also climbing. You need to pull from the front and push from the back. The four legs cannot pull or push. . So the wooden ox and the flowing horse must have wheels." Why does Guo Qinghua think that the wooden ox and the flowing horse should have wheels? This can also be based on historical records. Guo Qinghua believes that the wooden cow and flowing horse should be a four-wheeled cart: "Fali, who makes the wooden cow and flowing horse, said when introducing the wooden cow and flowing horse that the wooden cow and flowing horse have a front axle and a rear axle. Everyone knows that the one with wheels is called an axle, and one axle holds two wheels. So I think it should be four-wheeled." Is the wooden cow and flowing horse wheeled or four-legged? Chen Shidao of the Northern Song Dynasty recorded the following text: "There is a small cart in Shu, which can be pushed by one person and carries eight stones, with the front like an ox's head; there is also a large cart, which is pushed by four people, carrying ten stones, and is built with wood, like an ox and a horse." " There is also a record in "Shijiyuan": "The wooden ox is the one with the front shaft of the current cart; the flowing horse is the one with the front shaft." Lin Qing, a Manchu water conservancy expert in the Qing Dynasty, also described the water at that time...

Is it true that Zhuge Liang discovered that a wooden cow sheds a horse?

There are wooden cows and flowing horses, but they are not as magical as the novels. They are just tools for transportation made using mechanical principles

Please adopt it, thank you!

Zhuge Liang Do wooden cows and flowing horses really exist? What is the principle? Why does it walk on its own

More than 1,700 years ago, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, invented the wooden ox and flowing horse. However, what kind of transportation is the wooden ox and flowing horse? For thousands of years, people have put forward various opinions and argued endlessly.

Looking at the history books, "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms: Zhuge Liang's Biography" records: "Liang Xing is better than ingenuity, and his profits and losses are continuous, and his wood, ox and horse are all out of his mind.

"The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms: Later Master's Biography" records: "In the ninth year of Jianxing, Liang returned to Qishan and used wooden oxen to transport the food. After all the food was exhausted, he withdrew; in the spring of the twelfth year, Liang learned that the masses came out of the Xiegu and transported them with flowing horses. According to Wugong Wuzhangyuan, , and Sima Xuan Wang for Weinan. "The above records clearly point out that the wooden ox and the flowing horse are indeed Zhuge Liang's invention, and the wooden ox and the flowing horse are two different tools. Judging from the chronological order of the use of the wooden ox and the flowing horse, the wooden ox and the flowing horse came first, and the flowing horse is an improved version of the wooden ox. .

Pei Songzhi of the Northern and Southern Dynasties who wrote annotations for "Three Kingdoms" quoted a record about wooden cows and horses flowing from the now-lost "Zhuge Liang Collection" to describe the image of wooden cows. Some of the dimensions of the horse were recorded, but because no physical object or figure survived to later generations, the understanding of the wooden ox and flowing horse by later generations has always been rare and misty.

200 years after Zhuge Liang created the wooden ox and flowing horse, the technology of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The genius Zu Chongzhi is said to have made a wooden ox and a flowing horse. "The Biography of Zu Chong in the Book of Southern Qi" says: "Zhuge Liang made a wooden ox and flowing horse, which is a tool that does not depend on Feng Shui, but uses the machine to move by itself, without laboring. ” What is incomprehensible is that he also did not leave any detailed information.

However, the record about Zu Chongzhi’s creation of a wooden cow and a flowing horse provides support for the view of automatic machinery, which is an important aspect of the wooden cow and flowing horse. It is believed that the use of gears to make machinery was common during the Three Kingdoms period. The wooden ox and flowing horse admired by later generations should be an automatic machine made using the gear principle.

In Huangsha Town, Mian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, Historical records record that this is the place where Zhuge Liang built the Wooden Ox and Flowing Horse. According to research, Zhuge Liang used the Wooden Ox and Flowing Horse three times during the Northern Expedition in 8 years. The Wooden Ox and Flowing Horse started from here and walked 250 kilometers of plank roads to reach the front line of Qishan Wuzhangyuan.

The local old man described the legendary wooden cow and horse to us: "The horse head is made of wood, and other scattered small pieces form the horse body, and then the horse legs are assembled, and a gear is placed in the middle of the belly. Behind the wooden horse There is a wrench that moves one step when you press it, and one step when you press it again. "It can be seen from this legend that the wooden cow and the flowing horse have gears, and it seems to also use the principle of leverage.

Not long ago, there was an ordinary rural teacher Liang Guojun in Botou, Hebei Province, who said that he The wooden ox and flowing horse were restored and were very successful. Our reporter went there with great interest to have a look.

The wooden ox and flowing horse made by Liang Guojun are all in the shape of four legs with a hollow belly and can carry heavy objects. According to Liang Guojun, the principle of the wooden cow and flowing horse he made is consistent with historical records: " 'The wooden ox and the ox raise their heads, and the flowing horse is shaped like an elephant. ’ There is a long labor-saving arm behind the wooden ox, which is the double shaft; the labor-saving arm of the flowing horse is its long neck, which is shaped like an elephant. "What's even more ingenious is that Liang Guojun implemented a hidden lock function on his flowing horse. By twisting the tongue, the horse's head was locked and it could not walk. This is very consistent with the description in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

However, the wooden cow and flowing horse restored by Liang Guojun encountered opposition from another faction. Guo Qinghua, curator of the Mian County Museum in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province and director of the Three Kingdoms Culture Research Center in Shaanxi Province, believed that the wooden cow and flowing horse could not have four legs: "The plank road is a wooden plank It is paved, and the gaps in the middle are of different widths. How can four legs walk on a board with gaps? Even if you are walking on a non-plank road, it is still climbing. You need to pull from the front and push from the back. Your four legs can neither pull nor push. So the wooden cow and the flowing horse must have wheels. ”

Why does Guo Qinghua think that the wooden ox and the flowing horse should have wheels? This can also be found in historical records. Guo Qinghua believes that the wooden ox and the flowing horse should be a four-wheeled cart: "Making the wooden ox and the flowing horse, Fali, introduces the flowing horse." At that time, it was said that Liuma had a front axle and a rear axle. Everyone knows that the one with wheels is called an axle. An axle contains two wheels, so I think it should be four wheels. "

Are wooden oxen and flowing horses with wheels or four legs? Chen Shidao of the Northern Song Dynasty recorded the following: "There is a small cart in Sichuan, which can push eight stones alone, and the front is like an ox's head; there are also large carts, Four people are used to push it, and it carries ten stones. It is built with wood, oxen and horses. ” It is also recorded in the "Jiyuan of Things" written by Gao Cheng of the Song Dynasty: "The wooden ox is the one with the front shaft of the current cart; the flowing horse is the one with the front shaft." "The Manchus of the Qing Dynasty...

Why was the wooden cow and flowing horse lost?

It is not because the structure is too complex and the hardness of the wood is not high, even if the wear parts are added with copper sleeves and steel sleeves , the wear and tear was also very serious, so it was not popularized and promoted in the Wooden Age

During the Three Kingdoms period, were the wooden cows and flowing horses created by Zhuge Liang real? If so, what scientific principles were used?

Controversial, but not impossible. Judging from the structure of the wooden cow, it uses a power-assisted mechanism, which may have a flywheel mechanism. From its execution, it uses a gear mechanism and a crank connecting rod. Mechanism. When a person pushes the wooden ox, the crank linkage mechanism inside drives the flywheel through the gear. After the flywheel is activated, the inertia of the flywheel gives the wooden ox power, thus achieving the purpose of saving labor.

< p> The structure of Liuma is actually a pallet truck, but its center of gravity and bearing parts have been changed, making it less labor-intensive to use than previous pallet trucks.

Fengyuntianxiaios, the unification of the world is waiting for you to fight!

Is it true that the cows and horses that flowed during the Three Kingdoms period were real?

That was the cows and horses that flowed from wood, right?,,———————————————————— ———————————— Pay attention to the last sentence. . A wooden cow and a flowing horse

A wooden cow and a flowing horse in the state of Lu

The wooden cow and flowing horse can be traced back to the late Spring and Autumn Period. According to Wang Chong's record in "Lunheng": Lu Ban, a famous carpenter from the state of Lu, skillfully made a wooden chariot and horse for his old mother, and "the mechanism is complete, and it will not be returned once it is driven away."

Three Kingdoms Wooden Cows and Horses< /p>

Perhaps he was inspired by Luban’s wooden chariots and horses. About 700 years later, Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms era invented wooden oxen and stray horses, and used them to transport military supplies on rugged plank roads. Moreover, “people do not work hard, and oxen do not eat.” . Compared with Wang Chong's few words about Lu Ban's wooden chariots and horses, the descriptions of Zhuge Liang's wooden cows and horses in "Three Kingdoms" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" can be considered lifelike, vivid and extremely detailed. But for some reason, Chen Shou and Luo Guanzhong did not mention a word about the production principles and techniques of Mu Niu Liuwu.

Chapter 120 of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" "Sima Yi occupied the Wei Bridge in the North Plains and Zhuge Liang built wooden oxen and flowing horses". It describes that Zhuge Liang left Qishan six times and captured Meng Huo seven times. He shocked the Central Plains and invented a new kind of transportation. The tool, called "Wooden Cow and Flooded Horse", solved the problem of transporting grain and grass for hundreds of thousands of troops. This tool was more advanced than the current one, did not use energy, and would not cause an energy crisis.

Zhuge Liang built wooden oxen and flowing horses to transport grain and grass. Since ancient times, there has been no consensus on what a wooden ox or a flowing horse looks like. There are a lot of things to say, but none of them is more consistent with the original situation. I think the reason is that those who engage in history are not familiar with mechanics, and those who engage in mechanics are not in the habit of researching these things.

The Wooden Ox and the Horse in the Southern and Northern Dynasties

More than 200 years later, Zu Chongzhi, the technological genius of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, is said to have recreated the Wooden Ox and the Horse. What is incomprehensible is that he also left no information including words, pictures and pictures.

Explore

Let’s first read the introduction of the Wooden Ox and Flowing Horse in the book: a square belly with a curved head, one foot and four legs, the head is inserted into the collar, the tongue is stuck in the abdomen, it carries a lot but travels a little. A person who travels alone can travel dozens of miles, and a person who travels in a group can travel twenty miles. The hanging ones are the cow's tongue, the curved ones are the cow's ribs, the carved ones are the cow's teeth, the standing ones are the cow's horns, and the cow's raised shafts. A man walks six feet and an ox walks four steps.

Liuma: The ribs are three feet and five inches long, the same length on the left and right sides. The front axle hole is divided into four inches from the head, the front foot hole is four inches from the front axle hole, and there are two square capsules.

Judging from the description in the book, the wooden ox is a device equivalent to an engine, and the flowing horse is just a device for loading things, equivalent to the carriage of a car.

Judging from the structure of the wooden ox, it uses a power-assisted mechanism and may have a flywheel mechanism inside. In terms of its execution, it uses a gear mechanism and a crank-link mechanism. When a person pushes the wooden ox, the crank-link mechanism inside drives the flywheel through the gear. After the flywheel is activated, the inertia of the flywheel assists the wooden ox. In this way, the purpose of labor saving is achieved.

The structure of Liuma is actually a pallet truck, but its center of gravity and bearing parts have been changed, making it less labor-intensive to use than previous pallet trucks.

As for what the book says about this being an ox and that being an ox, this is just a Chinese habit to increase the mystery of the wooden ox. Just like what the Book of Changes said, what is the image of a horse? Something like that.

The wooden ox has four legs, which are actually wheels. In ancient times, there was no professional mechanical terminology, so the expressions for some parts were different from those today.

There is speculation that the wooden cow walked on its feet, but this required a hydraulic mechanism, which was impossible under the conditions at the time. It is impossible to shake it by hand. Because there are so many mechanisms used in this way, some of which had not yet been invented at the time.

Regarding the fact that the beef tongue cannot walk when it is twisted, the reason is very simple. There is a ratchet mechanism to prevent reversal.

Of course, I am only speculating based on the records in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. But it shouldn't be too far off. I don't have detailed information about wooden cows and stray horses at hand, I just speculate based on my experience.

There may be complicated imaginations, but I think this is more reasonable. The structure adopted in this way is relatively simple and in line with the productivity situation at the time.

Our sages seem to have joined forces to preserve an eternal mystery to test the wisdom of our descendants.

Research and Development

Ancient mysteries have attracted puzzle seekers for generations since then. Not to mention, since 1956 alone, seven wooden cow and stray horse research societies have been spontaneously established across the country. ......

Was Zhuge Liang the inventor of the wooden cow and the flowing horse? Perpetual motion machine?

The wooden ox and flowing horse were a means of transportation invented by Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. They are divided into wooden ox and flowing horse. According to historical records, Zhuge Liang used it during the Northern Expedition from the ninth to the twelfth year of Jianxing (231-234). Its carrying capacity was "one year's grain", about 400 kilograms or more, and its daily journey was "tens of miles for a special traveler" , the group marched twenty miles" to provide food for Shu's 100,000-strong army. However, the exact method and appearance are still unclear, and there are different interpretations of it.

Quote from Baidu entry, just listen to it as a story

What is the motivation and principle of Zhuge Liang's "Wooden Cow and Flooded Horse"?

It is a wheelbarrow. In the past, the front of the car was deliberately carved into the shape of a cow and horse. This is a continuation and application of feudal ideas. The difference is that this kind of car uses human power to move forward on a narrow road. Because the wheels function, so compared to the person himself, he can hold more things. He does not walk on his own, he just holds more things. The description of Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a bit demonized. He was not smart enough to design a device that acted on its own and had a clear purpose, that's all.

Is Zhuge Niang’s story true?

30 more important fictional deeds in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that are completely different from the official history, a supplement to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms:

1. Borrowing arrows from a "boat": There is no such thing, this is Sun Jian , Sun Quan and his son's actions occurred in the cross-river attack on Liu Biao and the battle of Ruxu respectively. (The ancestor of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the person who borrowed arrows from the story of Three Kingdoms is Zhou Yu.)

2 Zhou Yu with a narrow mind: It is purely a fiction created by Luo Guanzhong to elevate Zhuge Liang and belittle Zhou Yu. Liu Bei commented that Zhou Yu was "broad in mind" and Cheng Pu Commenting on Zhou Yu, he said: "If you have sex with Gong Jin, if you drink mellow wine, you will get drunk without realizing it." Very high rating.

3 Conflict with Confucian Confucians: There is no such thing, Zhuge Liang just met Sun Quan. Such things as the wisdom to stimulate Zhou Yu, the bitter meat plan, the serial plan, etc. are all fiction.

4 Borrowing from the east wind: purely fictitious (borrowing from the east wind - during the winter solstice, there are often southeasterly winds. This is a natural disaster caused by Cao Cao, not man-made;)

5 After losing his wife, Zhebing: Sun Quan himself wants to marry his sister to Liu Bei, a purely political marriage.

6 Zhuge Sanqi Zhou Yu: Zhou Yu has a broad mind and will not be jealous of Zhuge Liang. Zhou Yu did not even pay attention to Zhuge Liang at that time. In the two years from the end of the Battle of Chibi to Zhou Yu's death, Zhuge Liang was engaged in logistics work in Lingling and had not met Zhou Yu at all. As for Zhou Yu's death, the representative of Shu's condolences was Pang Tong, not Zhuge Liang.

7 Conquest of Hanzhong: The frontline commander during the conquest of Hanzhong was Liu Bei, while Zhuge Liang stayed in Chengdu to do logistics work.

8 The strategy for capturing Shu: It was completed by Pang Tong Fazheng, not Zhuge Liang.

9

Guan Gong is a womanizer: Cao Gong and Liu Bei surrounded Lu Bu and Yu Xiapi. On the verge of breaking up, he started to publicize again and again. The public suspect has a strange color, and he is sent in advance to see it, but because he keeps it to himself, Yu feels uneasy. From this point of view, Emperor Guan Sheng also had seven emotions and six desires - this is Pei Songzhi's annotation on Yinye Shi, not the original text of "Three Kingdoms"; there is no record of Diao Chan in the official history. Official history

Only records that one of Dong Zhuo's maids colluded with Lu Bu, the commander-in-chief

10 Seven in and seven out of Changbanpo: Zhao Yun's escort of the family's small retreat was very uneventful

< p> 11

Flooding the Seventh Army: Although this incident has its roots, it is far from historical reality. This is a natural disaster, not a man-made disaster. The fictitious Pound carried a tree to the death and fought against Guan Yu, which is pure slander against the Jin Dynasty. The "Biography of Guan Yu" and "The Biography of Yu Jin" in "Three Kingdoms" are very clear: It was autumn, heavy rains continued, the Han River surged, and the water on the ground was five or six feet high. , the Jingzhou navy led by Guan Yu was adapted to this kind of weather, while the northern army led by Yu Jin and Pang De were not adapted to water warfare and were washed away by the flood. Yu Jin surrendered and Pang De was killed.

12 Kong Ming's Conquest of Wei: There is no such thing as losing five times seven times, which is not as beautiful as the Romance. However, in many places in the Romance, the defeat is written as a victory. For example, the Battle of Chencang in the Second Northern Expedition was actually a defeat.

13 Guan Yu’s solo meeting: According to the records of "Three Kingdoms: Lu Su Biography", it was not Guan Yu who went to Lu Su to attend the meeting, but Lu Su who went to Guan Yu to attend the meeting alone. The hero is not Guan Yu, but Lu Su. The third performance puts the cart before the horse. The "single sword" is the soldier's weapon, the saber, not the broadsword.

14 Huarong Dao Guan Yu explains Cao Cao: This is a fiction made by the author to vilify Cao Cao and establish Guan Yu's tall image. It was Liu Bei who intercepted Cao Cao on Huarong Road, but he arrived late, so Cao Cao ran away.

15. Burning Shangfang Valley: This is the time when Kong Ming almost burned Sima Yi and Wei Yan to death. It is purely fictional.

16. Burning Bowang Slope: It was not written by Zhuge Shi but Liu Bei. It happened in the seventh year of Jian'an, and Zhuge Liang did not come out until the twelfth year of Jian'an.

17 Wooden ox and flowing horse: In fact, the wooden ox is a wheelbarrow, and the flowing horse is the four-wheeled cart that is very common today. It is said that the wooden ox is a four-wheeled vehicle and the flowing horse is a boat with a relatively pointed head.

18. Zhuge Liang is like a god in using troops: Zhuge Liang is good at logistics and internal affairs, but using troops is not his strong point.

19 Borrowing from Jingzhou: It has nothing to do with Zhuge Liang, but it is actually Lu Su’s plan to use Liu to defeat Cao. It was Lu Su who advocated lending it to Liu Bei.

20

. Mrs. Sun threw herself into the river: The marriage between Mrs. Sun and Liu Bei was originally just one of countless political marriages in history. It was Mrs. Sun who went to Jingzhou... Liu Bei did not go to Soochow to get married. There is not much love between men and women here.

When the two got married, Liu Bei was nearly fifty years old, and Mrs. Sun was only around 20 years old. The age difference was about thirty years. One was a tycoon who coveted the throne, and the other was a willful and proud daughter. They did not trust each other. , where is the joy of love? Therefore, not long after Liu Bei entered Yizhou, Sun Quan sent a large number of boats to welcome his sister, and Mrs. Sun also...

Back to the Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang, is it the human heart that makes science and technology backward?

It is the function of tradition.