My boyfriend went to Xinjiang as a soldier from Hubei, where the weather was very dry. He said he had a nosebleed every morning. What should we do?

Usually nosebleeds are mostly caused by trauma, such as nose bump. Excessive climate: dryness (cracking the nasal membrane), sudden change of air pressure, picking your nose with your nails, or blowing your nose too hard may also cause nasal mucosa damage and bleeding. Some people have nosebleeds, and their mouths, chins and clothes are covered with blood, which looks quite scary.

There are two kinds of nosebleeds: anterior and posterior. The latter position mainly affects the elderly, especially patients with hypertension. In this type, no matter what posture the patient is in, blood flows out from behind the nose and flows into the throat along the back of the mouth. In severe cases, the blood flow direction may be both before and after. A nosebleed requires hospitalization.

The common nosebleed belongs to the forward flow type and flows out from the front of the nose. When standing or sitting down, blood flows from one or both nostrils. When lying down, blood may enter the throat. This nosebleed may be scary, but it's not serious.

Whether it is due to the dry climate, the side effects of high blood pressure or arteriosclerosis, or the nosebleed caused by accidentally breaking the nasal cavity, the following tips are helpful for all kinds of nosebleeds.

● Dig out blood clots.

Try to dig out the blood clot before stopping the bleeding. Because the blood clot blocked in the blood vessel can't close the blood vessel. There are elastic fibers in blood vessels. When you remove the blood clot, these elastic fibers can contract and close the bleeding opening. Sometimes after blowing your nose, you can stop the bleeding by gently pinching your nose with your hand.

● Plug gauze or wet cotton.

Put a small piece of sterilized wet gauze in each nostril, or wet cotton with neofolin decongestant or Avrin nasal spray, which will help stop bleeding. But some experts prefer to soak cotton in white vinegar. The acetic acid in vinegar will burn slightly. However, decongestants can only provide temporary hemostasis, and if abused, it may damage the nasal membrane.

● Holding Confucius.

After blowing nosebleeds (removing blood clots) and stuffing cotton, hold your nostrils together with your thumb and forefinger and hold them tightly for 5-7 minutes. If the bleeding is still not stopped, repeat the action of tampon and nose pinching, and still press for 5-7 minutes. This should stop the bleeding.

● Sit up straight

If you lie down or look up, blood will flow to your throat. You can sit in a chair and lean forward (not backward).

● Ice compress.

Cold can promote vasoconstriction and reduce bleeding. You can cold compress your nose, neck and cheeks with crushed ice or an ice towel.

● Apply ointment

When the nosebleed is controlled, apply some vitamin E ointment on your nose. If there is no vitamin e, you can use a little antibiotic or steroid ointment instead, and apply it 2 ~ 3 times a day. Vitamin ⅱ ointment can promote wound healing, while antibiotic or steroid ointment can destroy staphylococcus in nasal cavity, which not only stops itching, but also prevents mucus from drying up (so as not to induce the impulse to pick your nose). If the nasal mucosa is painful due to dryness, aloe vera or Zhilicao ointment can be used.

● Don't pick your nose.

After the above treatment, it is best to lie down and rest for a while, and don't do strenuous exercise for at least two days. It takes 7- 10 days for the nasal vessels to recover completely. After blood coagulation, the blood flow stops, and then the coagulated blood clot gradually scabs; If you dig a hole in the other person's body, if you accidentally peel off and scab, nosebleeds will recur.

● Increase air humidity.

When you breathe, your nose needs to make sure that the air reaching your lungs is moist enough. Therefore, when the environment is dry, your nose has to work harder. It is recommended to use a humidifier to supplement the air humidity, and it is best to add distilled water to the humidifier to avoid impure tap water (impurities such as water and alkali).

● Take aspirin carefully.

Aspirin can interfere with blood coagulation. If you are prone to nosebleeds, I remind you to use aspirin as little as possible unless necessary. In addition, patients are advised to avoid foods rich in salicylic acid, which is a substance similar to aspirin and exists in coffee, tea, some vegetables and most fruits. These foods include almonds, apples, apricots, blueberries (blackberries, cranberries, etc. ), mint, cherry, grape (dried), peach, plum, tomato and cucumber.

Sometimes, the use of heparin and anticoagulants may also lead to nosebleeds.

● Control blood pressure

Patients with hypertension are prone to nosebleeds. A diet low in fat and cholesterol should be adopted.

● Carefully choose oral contraceptives.

Female hormones affect mucus secretion. Anything that affects female hormones in the body (including menstrual cycle) may make you more prone to nosebleeds. Some oral contraceptives can also change the balance of female hormones. If you have a nosebleed, you should consult a doctor when choosing birth control pills.

● Quit smoking

Smoking dries the nasal mucosa and easily causes nosebleeds.

Nutrition and diet therapy

● Supplement nutrition.

① Iron supplementation

If you are prone to nosebleeds, consider iron supplementation to help your body make blood. Iron is an important component of heme, which is the main substance in red blood cells.

② vitamin c supplementation

Collagen is necessary to maintain the health of body tissues, and vitamin C is necessary to form collagen. Collagen in the upper respiratory tract helps mucus adhere to the proper position and forms a moist protective film in the sinuses and nasal cavity.

③ vitamin k supplementation

Vitamin K is necessary for normal blood coagulation. Its sources are alfalfa, kelp and all dark green leafy vegetables.

● Dangerous guidance

Seek medical attention immediately if:

* When you have stuffed your nose with cotton and squeezed it, you should see a doctor immediately. A nosebleed that lasts too long can be fatal. In rare cases, persistent nosebleeds even mean the existence of tumors.

* If you are an elderly person with arteriosclerosis and nosebleeds, you should seek medical advice as soon as possible.

* In addition, when blood is found to flow from the back of the nasal cavity to the throat, you should also seek medical advice. (Reprinted)