About Mr. Fujino

Mr Fujino is a famous essay. It is through it that we know about Sendai, Sendai Medical College, and Mr. Fujino, who is unkempt but carefully revises his notes for Lu Xun.

Sendai

Main entrance of Sendai Medical College (provided by Gao Shihua)

Sendai is a beautiful city.

For many people in China, you know Sendai through Lu Xun's Mr Fujino!

This sentimental and touching reminiscence prose was included in the middle school textbook, which made Fujino Genkuro, an ordinary Japanese with enthusiasm, preciseness and no narrow national prejudice, enter the hearts of hundreds of millions of China readers. Between the lines of the article is full of his reverence, gratitude and deep nostalgia for the Japanese teacher. "In my opinion of the teacher, he is the one who makes me most grateful and encourages me."

Although Fujino is only an ordinary surname in Japan, the word Mr Fujino has a specific meaning and has become synonymous with serious and kind Japanese.

Lu Xun came to Japan on February 1902 and studied at Hongwen College in Tokyo on August 1904. 1904 In September, Lu Xun came to Sendai and studied at Sendai Medical College. 1906 In March, Lu Xun suddenly decided to leave Sendai and return to Tokyo. He only stayed in Sendai for a year and a half, but he left a deep memory. Here, he met Mr. Fujino; Here, he was discriminated against; Here, he saw the numb soul of China people through the slide show, and decided to give up medicine and devote himself to literature to save this suffering and bullying nation.

Some people say that Shaoxing is the hometown of Zhou Shuren and Sendai is the hometown of Lu Xun. Indeed, various experiences in Sendai contributed to the birth of writer Lu Xun.

Matsushima (provided by Gao Shihua) is one of the "Three Scenes" in Japan.

Sendai, the capital of Miyagi Prefecture, is 350 kilometers away from Tokyo and has a population of 654.38+00,000. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the whole northeast region of Japan. There are four distinct seasons here, and the clear Guang Lai River passes through the city. The streets and parks in the city center are shaded by trees, which is called the "forest capital". There are many hot spring resorts in the suburbs, which make people linger. Song Dao, a seaside scenic spot, is actually an island group, with more than 260 small islands dotted along the seashore and covered with pine trees. The blue sea and green trees are particularly beautiful against the clear sky and are recognized as one of the most beautiful "three scenes" in Japan.

Lu Xun has always remembered Matsushima. "When I used to live in Japan, I watched cherry blossoms in Ueno in spring and pine trees and snow in Matsushima in winter." Xu Shoushang, his friend who studied in Japan together, also said, "When he was in Sendai, he swam to Song Dao with his classmates, and there were many pine forest snow scenes on the offshore island for me to see."

Sendai's name also comes from China. Her original name is Chiyo, which is the same as Sendai in Japanese. One day, someone read The Fairy Temple written by the Tang Dynasty poet Han. The poem "I am facing this charming hut, the courts of five cities in heaven, and I see a country blue and still after a long rain" fascinated him, so at his suggestion, he changed the meaning of overseas fairy mountains and towers in the sky from "Chiyo" to "Sendai".

Although Sendai is located in the northeast of Japan, it is not sultry in summer and not too cold in winter because it is located by the sea. The average temperature is 65438 02℃. The average temperature in the hottest August is 24℃, and the average temperature in the coldest June is 65438 0.5℃.

But in Mr. Fujino's place, Lu Xun's memory of Sendai is not very good, mainly because it is too cold. "Sendai is a town, not big; It's terribly cold in winter. " At that time, Sendai was really small, with a population of less than100000, ranking 1 1 in Japan.

"Mr. Fujino" also mentioned that "it is already very cold in early winter, but there are still many mosquitoes". Is it colder at the end of winter?

Perhaps, Lu Xun grew up in the south of China and lived in Tokyo at first. He has just arrived in Sendai, where the temperature is always three or four degrees lower than that in Tokyo. He is not used to it, is he?

In fact, if you look up the meteorological records of that year, you can find that the winter in Sendai was not so cold in the past. Unfortunately, however, from 1904 to 1906, when Mr. Lu Xun came to study abroad, the cold wave kept hitting this area, and the temperature became very low in winter, which also caused a poor harvest in agricultural production. Especially at the beginning of 1906, there was a heavy snow in Sendai, which had never happened in 60 years. At that time, Lu Xun had not left Sendai, which made him deeply impressed by the cold in Sendai!

At that time, there were medical schools in Chiba and Kanazawa. However, Lu Xun didn't want to associate with foreign students in Tokyo's smoky environment, so he chose Sendai, where there were no foreign students from China because of the long journey and cold weather.

At that time, Sendai really looked far away, by train 12 hours. It's less than two hours by Shinkansen from Tokyo now.

Zeng Tian, a translator and friend of Lu Xun's works in Japan, once asked him where he wanted to go if he could go to Japan again. Lu Xun replied that he hoped to visit Maruyama Bookstore in Tokyo. Maruyama is a bookstore specializing in selling western books and periodicals. When he was in Tokyo, he often went there and absorbed the knowledge of world literature and art from there. Lu Xun also mailed books and periodicals from Maruyama until his later years.

He also said that he also hoped to visit Sendai. Masuda speculated that "Sendai is the place where Mr. Wang studied in his youth. Although he only stayed for a little more than a year and a half, I think the impression of his youth will be engraved in his heart forever. "

Perhaps, those mixed memories made Lu Xun unforgettable and let him leave this experience to the world after 20 years!

school

Many people may be curious, what kind of school is Wen Hao's Sendai Medical College? What level? Although we all know that students' knowledge is not necessarily related to the level of the school.

In Japan, this kind of school is generally called the old junior college because it has nothing to do with the current junior college. At present, special schools receive two years of special education after graduating from high school, while the old special schools teach junior high school graduates advanced academic and technical skills for more than three years.

The Japanese education system has changed a lot, especially before and after World War II, and it is difficult to explain it by applying China's concept of education system.

According to the pre-war education system, the primary school is 4 years, and 1907 is extended to 6 years; The middle school is 5 years, from 194 1 to 4 years. After graduating from high school, you can enter institutions of higher learning (equivalent to pre-university, and few can enter Imperial University after graduation), higher normal schools and specialized schools. 1945 at the end of the war, there were 309 specialized schools and only 33 institutions of higher learning in Japan. 1949 the establishment of the new university also ended the history of institutions of higher learning and specialized schools. Colleges and universities have become the education departments or art departments of newly-built universities, and almost all junior colleges have been upgraded to universities. Government-run specialized schools become the main components of local national universities, while private specialized schools directly become universities. Of course, the upgrading of these colleges is not simply a name change, but a long-term accumulation of experience in training professional and technical personnel. In other words, these old-fashioned specialized schools are higher than the current domestic technical secondary schools.

The situation of medical school is more special. At that time, except Imperial University, no ordinary university was approved to set up a medical department, so the old medical universities before World War II were all developed from medical colleges, and many medical colleges were upgraded to university medical departments or medical universities. Imperial University, there were only two universities in Tokyo (1877) and Kyoto (1897).

Stepped classroom for Lu Xun's class (provided by Gao Shihua)

Lu Xun went to Japan and entered Hongwen College in Tokyo. This is a private preparatory school for international students in China, learning Japanese and basic courses. For two years, I mainly teach Japanese and general middle school courses. After graduation, you can only enter various junior colleges. If you want to enter Imperial University, you have to study in an institution of higher learning for another three years, which adds up to seven years. If you study medicine, you can't choose a general university because there is no medical department there. Since Lu Xun is an official fee, he also needs to consider the number of years. So Lu Xun can only choose medical college.

1887 In August, the Department of Medicine was established in Sendai No.2 Higher School, and its graduates can obtain the practicing license of doctors without examination. 190 1 year, the medical department became independent, and was changed to Sendai Medical College, which was under the government. It was still in the same courtyard as the second higher education institution, with an auditorium and a sports ground. Mainly to train clinicians, divided into two majors: medicine and pharmacy. Four years in medicine and three years in pharmacy. Lu Xun majored in medicine.

Following Tokyo and Kyoto, on June 22nd, 1907, Imperial University of Northeast China was also established in Sendai. 19 12 years, Sendai medical college became its medical department, and 18 teachers all became medical department teachers. This is a transitional stage. 19 15, Sendai Medical College was officially changed to Medical University of Northeast Imperial University. Medical University is a branch of Imperial University, which is equivalent to the later department, that is, Chinese Department. In the end, only four teachers from the former medical college became teachers in the new medical department, and the others were basically "dismissed according to their wishes", that is, they were transferred from their teaching posts according to their own wishes. I'm afraid this choice is a last resort, because these people have no higher medical education, including Mr. Fujino. The newly recruited teachers have either studied abroad or graduated from Tokyo or Kyoto Dida University with a doctorate.

Mr Fujino left Sendai to work in a charity hospital in Tokyo, studying otology and rhinology. He returned to his hometown of Fukui Prefecture and opened his own clinic at 19 19. 1945 August 1 1, died at the end of World War II at the age of 72.

Teachers and students

Mr. Fujino 1874 was born in a doctor's family in Liuhara-CHO, Fukui Prefecture. 1896 graduated from Nagoya Aichi Medical University, majoring in anatomy at Imperial University of Tokyo.190/taught at Sendai Medical University in June, and 1904 was promoted to anatomy. When Lu Xun entered Sendai Medical College, he was very enthusiastic and concerned about Lu Xun and gave him a lot of help. Mr Fujino often corrects lectures for Mr Lu Xun. Lu Xun said: "I handed the copied handout and he accepted it." He returned it to me the next day, saying that he would give it to him once a week in the future. When I took it down and opened it, I was taken aback and felt uneasy and grateful. It turned out that my handout was changed from beginning to end with a red pen, which not only added many omissions, but also corrected Lian Wenfa's mistakes. This situation continued until he finished teaching homework: orthopedics, vascular science and neurology. "

Thanks to Lu Xun's efforts and Mr. Fujino's help, his first year's grade ranked 68 among 142 students, which was considered as the middle reaches. Lu Xun's achievements have aroused the envy of some Japanese students who are biased against China people. They once provoked some students to make noise and send anonymous letters, slandering Mr. Fujino for leaking anatomical problems to Lu Xun in the lecture notes, so Lu Xun can have such achievements. Lu Xun was deeply humiliated. "China is a weak country, so China people are of course imbeciles. If the score exceeds 60, it is not their own ability. " .

However, in the first grade, Lu Xun scored an average of 59.3 points in anatomy and failed, which shows that Mr. Fujino did not take good care of him.

Mr. Fujino's revised speech, which I ordered into three thick books, will be preserved as a permanent memorial. It's a pity that when I moved seven years ago, I destroyed a box and lost half a box of books. It happened that this handout was also lost. Instruct the transportation bureau to look for it, but there is no reply. "In fact, these notes were later recovered and were discovered in Shaoxing in 195 1 year. There are 6 books with 954 pages, which are vascular science, organic chemistry, facial features, histology, pathology and anatomy. The most detailed correction made by Mr. Fujino is Vascular Science, which he personally taught, and even the class notes he didn't hold were corrected. Now these six notes are treasured in Lu Xun Museum in Beijing.

I was shocked to see copies of these notes. Mr. Fujino took pains to make many changes with a red pen. Because textbooks and reference books were few and expensive at that time, class notes were very important. Perhaps Mr. Fujino was worried that Lu Xun's teaching with wrong notes would mislead children after graduation, so he made a very careful and meticulous correction. Lu Xun believes that "his enthusiastic hope and tireless teaching to me, in short, is for China, that is, I hope that China will have new medicine;" Generally speaking, it is for academic purposes, that is, I hope that new medicine will spread to China. "It's really good.

These meticulous concerns made Lu Xun very moved. Later, he hung a picture of Mr. Fujino on the east wall opposite the desk where he lived in Beijing. "Whenever I am tired at night and want to be lazy, I catch a glimpse of his dark and thin face under the light, as if to say something cadence, which suddenly makes my conscience discover and my courage greatly increase."

1934, Iwabo Bookstore in Japan prepared to publish Selected Works of Lu Xun translated by Masuda and Haruko Sato. The translator asked Lu Xun to comment on the selected article, and Lu Xun wrote back: "I don't think there are any articles to put in. There is only the article "Mr. Fujino", please translate and supplement it. "

In the same year, in a letter to a Japanese friend, he also mentioned Mr Fujino. "Mr. Fujino was a professor of anatomy at Sendai Medical College about 30 years ago, and his real name is his real name. This school has now become a university. I asked my friends about it three or four years ago, but now it's gone. Whether he is alive or not is unknown. If he were still alive, he would be around seventy. "

1June, 935, the Japanese translation of Selected Works of Lu Xun was published, and the prose Mr. Fujino also met Japanese readers for the first time.

1936 In the summer, Masuda rushed to Shanghai from Tokyo to visit the sick Lu Xun. Mr. Lu Xun asked with great concern if there was any news about Mr. Fujino. When Masuda replied that his investigation was still inconclusive, he was very sad and sighed: "Mr. Fujino is probably dead."

1935, Mr. Fujino's eldest son, Tsunami Fujino, saw the Japanese translation of Selected Works of Lu Xun from his Mandarin and Chinese teacher Kan Haochun in Fukui junior high school. After listening to Mr. Kan's statement that the article "Mr. Fujino" might be about his father, Mr. Fujino realized that Zhou Shuren, once an international student, had become a writer Lu Xun and wrote it in Sendai with prose. At that time, Naoto Kan also visited Mr. Fujino and listened to him talk about his time in Sendai. Unfortunately, Mr. Naoto Kan died soon, and the situation of this visit was not made public. Mr. Lu Xun didn't know that Mr. Fujino was still alive until his death.

After Lu Xun's death 1937, Japanese Literature Herald published an article about Mr. Fujino's memory of Lu Xun. Mr. Fujino wrote: "He probably came to my house to say goodbye, but he forgot when he last met. It was really gratifying to hang my photo in his room until he died. I don't remember what the photo was like and when I gave it to him. If I were a graduate, I would take a commemorative photo together, but I have never taken one with Zhou Jun. Why does he have my picture? Maybe his wife gave it to him. Having said that, I also hope to see myself at that time. I admire that I am the only teacher, and I feel wonderful myself. As I said before, I only showed him the notes. "

As for why he treated Lu Xun like that, he also explained: "When I was a teenager, Mr. Nosaka, who was born in a school in Fan Jing, taught Chinese. On the one hand, he respects China's sages, and at the same time, he always has a feeling that he should pay attention to China people, so this is considered particularly kind and rare in Zhou Jun. If Zhou Jun talks about me as a teacher in his novels because of this, I wish I had read this earlier. And Zhou Jun wants to know my news until he dies. If there is news, how would I like it? Unfortunately, nothing can be done so far. Living in such a country, I know nothing about the outside world, especially literature. "

It can be seen from Mr. Fujino's words that he didn't feel that he had done anything great to Lu Xun. This is probably the modesty of Mr. Fujino. It is normal for teachers to care about students. However, after the Sino-Japanese War in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japanese teachers' care for Japanese students became very unusual and precious under the historical background that Japan looked down upon and discriminated against China more and more. Therefore, in the article "Mr. Fujino" written after 20 years, Lu Xun's impression of Mr. Fujino is still so affectionate, respectful and grateful.

Some people think that Mr. Fujino is a radical poem full of patriotism, while others think that it "celebrates the traditional friendship between the Chinese and Japanese people", but this has nothing to do with it. Just an ordinary Japanese student deeply misses a respectable ordinary Japanese teacher. Mr. Fujino's reaction is normal, as if he was not impressed by Lu Xun. This may be because he is old, and many things that happened thirty years ago have been blurred. Another reason is that he may feel that these are all the responsibilities of a teacher, right? A Japanese student who graduated from Sendai Medical College recalled: He was a serious man. "Because he is very serious and rigorous, students often stay away from him."

Lu Xun admired the seriousness of the Japanese. He said, "China can exclude all Japan, but only that kind of seriousness can hardly be excluded." . No matter what happens, learning is necessary. "Lu Xun's bitter taste medicine is still needed today!

On the morning of September 25, 2007, the bronze statue of Mr. Fujino, which was shipped from his hometown, was placed in Lu Xun Museum in Beijing. Mr Fujino finally set foot in Qian Qian, a country with thousands of admirers. I hope that not only his bronze statue, but also his earnest spirit will be taken away and take root and blossom in China.

Lu Xun said that Mr. Fujino's "name is unknown to many people", but "it is great in his eyes and heart". Now, although Mr Fujino is a household name in China, he is still great because he has a noble soul.