Brief introduction of Song Qinzong and Song Qinzong

Song dynasty, the last emperor of the northern song dynasty

Personal data:

Song Qinzong (1100-1156), the ninth emperor of the Song Dynasty and the last emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, is the eldest son, half-brother and mother king. At 1 year and 2 months. Born in Fu Yuan for three years (1 100), he was originally named Zhao Xu, and was named King of Jingzhao County in June of the following year. In the second year of Daguan (1 108), he was promoted to king, and in the fifth year of Daguan (165438).

He is indecisive and capricious, and lacks judgment and sensitivity on political issues. In history, he was a weak and incompetent bad king. He listened to the slanderers of the treacherous court official and dismissed Li Gang. Nomads from the siege of bian city, but unable to resist.

During the Jingkang Rebellion, he was captured by the Jin people and went north. In the 26th year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 156), Shaoxing died in Yanjing at the age of 57 and was buried in Yongxian Mausoleum.

The life of the character

Zhao Huan, formerly known as Zhao Xu, also known as Zhao Xuan, is the eldest son of Song Huizong Evonne. Song Qinzong was born on April 13. This day is Dragon Boat Festival, my half-brother, and his mother is Queen Wang. Then my Kang Jun made Zhu's daughter a crown princess. During the invasion of Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), Song Huizong abdicated and Zhao Huan was forced to ascend the throne for Song Qinzong. In history, he was a weak and incompetent bad king. He listened to the slanderers of the treacherous court official and dismissed Li Gang. Jinbing besieged Bianjing, but was unable to resist, and was finally captured by the Jin people and demoted to.

In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), Zhao Huan was succeeded by his father Song Huizong Evonne, and Song Qinzong was renamed Jingkang.

Immediately after he acceded to the throne, he demoted Cai Jing, Tong Guan and others, and then reused Li Gang to resist gold. But he is weak and indecisive. Later, he listened to the slanderers of the treacherous court official, dismissed Li Gang and made peace with Jin.

In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), the state of Jin took this opportunity to cross the Yellow River and break Song, Jing and Tokyo (now Kaifeng), which is known as the Jingkang Change.

In the second year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (the fifth year of Jin Chaotian Society) (1 127), Emperor Taizong of Jin deposed Song Huizong and Song Qinzong and exiled them to Shu Ren, forcibly taking off the robes of the two emperors. Li Re-shui, who accompanied him, held Song Qinzong's body and denounced Violet as a dog. Ren Jin cut his throat with a knife, and Ren Jin made Zhang Bangchang emperor, with the title of Great Chu (known as Zhang Chu in history).

In July, the second emperor was captured and moved north to Yanjing. In the sixth year of Yu Tianhui (1 128), he arrived at Huining House in Jinshang. Wearing plain clothes, the two emperors bowed in Jin Taizu Temple, held a "sheep-holding ceremony" and paid tribute to Emperor Taizong of Jin in Gan Yuan Temple. Emperor Taizong of Jin named Song Huizong faithful, Song Qinzong faithful, and the second emperor moved to Hanzhou (the northern city of Lishu County, Jilin Province). In the eighth year of Tianhui (1 130), he moved the Second Emperor to Wu Guocheng (now the North Old Town of yilan county, Heilongjiang) and put him under house arrest.

Eight years later, in the thirteenth year of Tianhui (five years in Shaoxing, 1 135), Song Huizong died in Wuguocheng.

In Tian Juan's third year (1 140), Wan Yanzong Bi, the warlord of the Jin Dynasty, led his troops to invade the south. First, Shunchang, just south of Kaifeng, was defeated by the "Eight-character Army" led by Liu Kun. Then, in Yancheng and Yingchang, southwest of Kaifeng, it was defeated twice by Yue Fei in the cavalry confrontation that elite troops of the rulers were good at. WanYanZongBi began to accept peace.

In the first year of Tong (1 14 1), in order to improve the relationship with the Southern Song Dynasty, Xizong became the king of Tianshui County and the duke of Tianshui County. First, the level has improved. It turned out that he was named the second-class Duke of Confusion, and Wang was posthumously awarded the first level. He was named a third-class coma, and now he is named a second-class one. The second is to remove the insulting meaning in the original title. The third is to take Zhao's surname Tianshui County as a title to show respect. At the same time, the Southern Song Dynasty court relieved Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Liu Yong, Yang Yizhong and other generals of military power, and prepared for the Shaoxing Peace Conference. 1 1 month, Song and Jin reached a written agreement and designated it as "Shao Yi". 1At the end of February, on New Year's Eve (1 142), the court of the Southern Song Dynasty killed Yue Fei in order to satisfy the premise set by Yan Zongbi, according to the records of the Song Dynasty. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), in March, the Shaoxing peace talks between Song and Jin completely completed all the procedures. In the summer of April, Ding Mao (1 142 in May, 1), Gaozong's biological mothers Wei Xianfei and Song Huizong returned to the Song Dynasty. When he left, Song Qinzong took her car and told her to tell Song Gaozong that if he could go back, he would be satisfied as long as he was a palace master. Wei Xianfei cried and said, if you don't come back, I'd rather go blind. However, Song Gaozong didn't want to let or his descendants inherit the throne, because he was dead (his son was an adopted son), so he didn't return to Song until his death. Wei Xianfei did suffer from eye diseases in his later years, and he was blind in one eye.

According to the suicide note of Song Xuanhe, Song Qinzong died in the 26th year of Song Shaoxing (1 156). There are different opinions about the cause of death. Legend has it that Wang Hailing Yan Hongliang, the Emperor of Jin Dynasty, sent Song Qinzong, 56, and Lu Ye Yan Xi, the Emperor of Liao Tianzuo, 54, to play polo. Song Qinzong fell off his horse and was killed by the chaotic horse. Five years later, in the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), Song Qinzong's death spread to the Southern Song Dynasty, which made it controversial whether Song Qinzong died in 1 156 or1. Tan Poulnot. Song Qinzong and posthumous title, Emperors of Renxiao in Wenshunde, were buried in Yongxian Mausoleum.

Chronology of major events

In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), the nomads from the army went south, and their father, Hui Zong, ascended the throne. The following year, Li Gang, a hawk, was forced to fight against gold, beheaded and deposed Cai Jing, and achieved fruitful results. The nomads from the north were losing ground. But I still promised to pay compensation and cut Taiyuan for peace.

In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), Jin people returned. In November, Jin soldiers besieged Bianjing Kaifeng House, arrived at the peace talks and were personally detained.

In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Bianjing City was broken and the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. In April, Hui Zong and other royal families and some ministers of the Northern Song Dynasty were taken captive to the north by the Nomads, and Li Dao was briefly introduced. They were first placed in Yanjing, and then moved to Huining House (now Acheng, Heilongjiang Province) in September.

In August of the sixth year (1 128), I arrived in Beijing. Emperor Taizong of the Jin Dynasty named Huizong as loyal and faithful, while Qin Zong was loyal and faithful. In October, Hui Di and Emperor Qin were sent to Hanzhou (now Changtubei in Liaoning and Lishu in Jilin). In the eighth year of Tianhui (1 130), in July, he moved the Second Emperor to Wu Guocheng (now yilan county, Heilongjiang), a small town on the northern border, where he "sat in the well and watched the sky". In April of the 13th year of Tianhui (1 135), his father Huizong Zhao Ji died in Wu Guocheng.

In the first year of Tong Dynasty (1 14 1), Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty changed it to Tianshui Gong, Hunde Gong (deceased) to Tianshui King and Seaside King to Yu King.

In the 12th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 142),

It is said that his mother, Wei Shi, and his son, Gong, were all released to Nanjun. Before leaving, they knelt down in Zhao Huan, Wu Guocheng, begging Wei to bring a letter to Emperor Gaozong's half-brother, Zhao Gou, and asked him to redeem it. "It is enough to look after the Lord for Taiyi. He dare not look." Obviously, he just wanted to return to the Song Dynasty as a Taoist priest, and no longer had the idea of being an emperor. I haven't heard from Webster since he came back. However, when Gao Zong made peace and killed famous soldiers such as Yue Fei, he only cared about Qin Zonger.

After Jin Hailing acceded to the throne, Yan Hongliang moved Zhao Huan to live in Huining House. In the first year of Zhenyuan (1 153), Wan Yanliang moved from Beijing to Yanjing, renamed Zhongdu, and took Zhao Huan with him.

In June of the first year of Zheng Long (1 156), Zhao Huan died in Yanjing at the age of 57. Jin Dynasty buried him in Yongxianling (now Gongxian County, Henan Province).

Zhao Huan's death in Yanjing is a brief introduction to Li Dao recorded in historical records, which is conclusive. The statement that he died in Wu Guocheng in Ci Hai and Chronicle of China's History is wrong.

Zhao Huan's death was recorded in The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty. In June of the 26th year of Shaoxing (1 156), Emperor Yan Hongliang of Jin ordered Song Qinzong Zhao Huan, 56, and Luye Yan Xi, 54, Liao Tianzuo to play polo. Lu Ye Yan Xi was good at riding a horse. He tried to escape from the tight encirclement, but he was shot dead by random arrows. Emperor Qinzong was weak, suffering from severe wind disease and was not good at equestrian. He quickly fell off his horse and died of horse abuse.

It was not until the 31st year of Shaoxing (1 16 1) that the news of Zhao Huan's death reached the Southern Song Dynasty. His younger brother, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, was in pain on the surface, but secretly he was very happy. He was finally relieved. Posthumous title "Gongwen Shunde Renxiao Emperor", temple number Song Qinzong.

be humiliated

The shame of Jingkang

Although Jin Jun withdrew from the capital, it did not stop attacking the Song Dynasty. In September of the first year of Jingkang, Taiyuan fell, so that the nomads from the West Road led by Han Zong went south smoothly, crossed Bianjing with the East Road Army, and captured the outer city of Kaifeng in November.

After capturing the outer city of Kaifeng, the shrewd general Jin Jun did not immediately attack the city, but occupied the outer city wall and hypocritically announced the withdrawal of troops from the peace talks. Qin Zong really believed it, so he ordered Li He and Zhao Xu, the king of Qi, to make peace in Jinying. Han Zong said: "Since ancient times, there has been a division between the North and the South. Today, what we are talking about is just cutting land." And "request" the emperor's father to negotiate with Jin Ying. It's not so much a request as an order. How can Hui Zong have the courage? Qin zong had to go instead on the grounds that the emperor's father was too frightened and had been ill for a long time.

1 1 At dawn on October 30th, Qin Zong came with many ministers, which was the trap of the Jin people. After Qin Zong arrived in Jinying, the commander-in-chief of Jin Jun did not receive him, but sent someone to ask for the watch. Qin zong did not dare to disobey, and hurriedly asked someone to write down the form and present it. However, the Jin people were not satisfied and ordered the form to be written in four or six sentences. Qinzong was forced to say, so far, don't worry about others. Sun Yong, the minister, thought twice and changed it four times to satisfy Jin people. Lowering the purpose of the table is just bowing to Kim, begging for forgiveness, and extremely grovelling. After presenting the surrender, the Jin people invited the Emperor Tai-huang to come, and Qin Zong begged, but the Jin people no longer insisted. Then, the Jin people set up an incense table in the Zhai Palace in the north, and asked the monarchs and subjects of the Song Dynasty to bow to the north as a courtesy, and read the surrender form. At that time, there was a snowstorm, and Qin Zongjun and his subjects were secretly crying. After the surrender ceremony, the Jin people were very satisfied and let Qinzong return. Qinzong was humiliated when he entered the Golden Camp. In desperation, he became a servant of the Jin people. In retrospect, his sadness was unbearable. Unconsciously, his tears were wet. When he arrived at Nanxun Gate, Qin Zong cried when he saw the ministers and people who came to meet him. This is a heartfelt move. After all, there are still many subjects that care about their own safety. He was still crying before he went to the palace, and everyone inside and outside the palace was crying loudly. Qin Zongchu went to Jinying, dodged a bullet and came back three days later, as if it had been a lifetime ago.

As soon as Qin Zong returned to the imperial court, Jin people came to ask for 10 million ingots of gold, 20 million ingots of silver and 10 million pieces of silk, which was simply wild speculations. At that time, it was impossible to get together in Kaifeng, a lonely city, looking for it. However, Qin Zong was frightened by the Jin people and put up with humiliation and ordered a big bag of gold and silver. Jin people demanded mules and horses, and Kaifeng government rewarded them for exposure. Unexpectedly, there were more than 7,000 horses in Beijing, and the bureaucrats walked to court. The Jin people also demanded 1500 girls, but Qin Zong dared not neglect them, and even asked him to count his concubines. The girls refused to be humiliated, and many people died. Regarding gold, silver, cloth and silk, Qin Zong felt that the national treasury was insufficient, so he ordered the rich and powerful businessmen to invest in the army. The so-called capital contribution is actually robbing. For the rebels, they often flail their necks, even Zheng's family is not immune. Even so, there was still a shortage of gold and silver, and four ministers, including Mei Zhili, who was in charge of searching for gold and silver, were executed. Other officials accused by the staff are everywhere, and many people are forced to commit suicide. Kaifeng city is in chaos and depression.

Although the Northern Song Dynasty, headed by Qin Zong, welcomed the Jin people so crazily, their demands were not met. Jin people threatened to attack the city and plunder the land, and asked Qin Zong to negotiate again. Qinzong was scared out in a cold sweat. The shadow of the last trapped Golden Camp has not dispersed, and new fears have come to mind. This time, I'm afraid it's run out. At this time, Li Ruoshui and others also encouraged Qin Zong to go. After all, Qin Zong dared not go against the wishes of the Jin people and had to go to Jin Ying again.

After Qin Zong arrived in Jinying, he was given a cold shoulder. Wang Zong and Han Zong didn't see him at all. They put him in three huts in the west wing of the military camp. The furnishings in the room are extremely simple, except for tables and chairs, there is only a heatable adobe sleeping platform and two sleeping blankets. There were nomads outside the house, and at dusk, the door of the house was chained from behind by nomads, so the monarch and subjects of Qinzong completely lost their freedom of movement. At this time, it is in the cold winter, and the rain and snow in Kaifeng area are continuous, and the weather is surprisingly cold. In addition to enduring hunger during the day, Qin Zong had to endure the biting cold wind at night, tossing and turning, unable to sleep. When he thought of all this, his heart ached and he burst into tears. In a blink of an eye, Qin Zong fell from an unattainable emperor to a prisoner of the Jin people. It is really pitiful. However, all this was caused by him and his father Hui Zong.

The imprisoned Qin Zong lived like a year, and his homesickness was beyond words. Song officials repeatedly asked Jin people to let Qin Zong go back, but Jin people ignored him. On February 5th, the second year of Jingkang, Qin Zong had to smile and accept Ren Jin's invitation to watch the ball game. After the game, Qin Zong begged Jin Shuai to let him go back, but he was severely reprimanded by Han Zong. Qinzong was too scared to mention it again.

After the Jin people detained Qin Zong, they claimed that there was not even a day of gold, silver and silks, so they refused to release Qin Zong for a day. Song Ting heard the news and stepped up his search. Kaifeng officials directly broke into residents' homes and searched them, which was as rampant as catching treason. The people's five families supervise and protect each other, and they can report if they have anything to hide. Even the poor, monks and Taoist priests, craftsmen, and all kinds of people who advocate Excellence in Futian Hospital are being searched. By the end of the month, Kaifeng had collected 65,438+600,000 taels of gold, 2,000 taels of silver, silks and satins 1 10,000 horses, but it was still far from the quantity required by the gold people. When Song officials delivered gold and silver to Jin Ying, the Jin people were arrogant and humiliated in every way. Since Qin Zong went to Jinying, the snowstorm has continued, and people in Bianjing have no food. Ate all the leaves, cats and dogs in the city, and cut them into starvation. Coupled with the epidemic, countless people starved to death. The tragedy of the situation is beyond description.

But the Jin people still refused to give up and plundered other things to pay for gold and silver. All sacrificial vessels, the emperor's command, all kinds of classics, Dacheng musical instruments and even costume props used in hundreds of plays were searched. Doctors in various disciplines, musicians and craftsmen in workshops were also looted. They also plundered women crazily, and as long as they were slightly beautiful, they were captured by Kaifeng House for the enjoyment of the Jin people. At that time, the official ministers plundered the most women and were called "Grandpa Jin". Yin Xu Bingzhe of Kaifeng Prefecture is not far behind. In order to please the Jin people, he painted the woman who was unkempt and ill, dressed up in disguise, and delivered the whole car, which made Kaifeng city complain a lot and the people were miserable.

Destroying the Song Dynasty is the established policy of the Jin people, so although the monarch and ministers of the Song Dynasty were so obedient to the Jin people, the Jin people decided to depose Qin Zong. On February 6th, the second year of Jingkang, Qin Zong was abolished as Shu Ren. On the 7th, Hui Zong and others were forced to go to Jin Ying. When Jin people forced Hui Di and Qin Emperor to take off their robes, Li Re-shui held Qin Zong in his arms and wouldn't let him take off the emperor's clothes. He also endlessly called Jin Ren a dog. Jin became angry from embarrassment and held a knife to cut his throat and spit out his tongue until he died. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin people named Zhang Bangchang, which had always advocated peace, "Da Chu" and established a puppet regime. But this puppet regime is unpopular.

While supporting, the Jin people plundered gold and silver again, even women's hairpins were plundered. The Kaifeng government was worried that there was not enough gold and silver, so it set up a market around Kaifeng city to exchange grain for gold and silver. Because the capital has been besieged for a long time, food is scarce, and the gold and silver in the hands of the people are useless, and they have taken them out for rice. In this way, Kaifeng Prefecture gained tens of thousands of gold and silver. However, Kaifeng city has been searched several times, and the gold and silver have been exhausted, so it is impossible to collect the amount required by the gold people. Jin people had to give up.

At this time, the commander-in-chief of the Jin army learned that Zhao Gou, the king of Kang, was actively deploying troops in Hebei, trying to break the retreat of the Jin people, but worried that the troops were insufficient and could not effectively rule the vast areas of the Central Plains. So after the puppet regime was established, he was ready to retreat. During the retreat, Jin people also burned down countless houses in the suburbs of Kaifeng. "There are Liu Zi in the east, Xijing in the west, Han merchants in the south and Heshuo in the north". In such a vast area, the nomads from the army "kill people like hemp, and hear about them for hundreds of miles". This has brought profound disasters to the broad masses of the people, and the crimes are outrageous.

On April 1 day, after plundering a large amount of gold and silver treasures, the Jin army began to retreat in two ways. People in custody include Zheng, Prince, the emperor's grandson, Princess, concubines, etc. , three days ago has been along the sliding state north; The other way is trusteeship, including officials who refused to surrender, such as Qin Zong, Empress Zhu, Prince, Imperial Clan, Sun Fu, Sun Fu, and Sun Fu, and so on, and went north along Zhengzhou. Jin people also took away all kinds of royal ritual vessels, antique cultural relics, picture books, imperial envoys, eunuchs, advocates of Excellence, craftsmen and so on. More than 654.38 million men and women were driven away and the treasures of the Northern Song Dynasty were exhausted. Wherever the nomadic people in the distance go, their lives are ruined. Such a tragic disaster left an incurable pain for the people of the Song Dynasty, and it also became the spiritual driving force for people with lofty ideals to strive hard throughout the ages.

Father-son prisoner

Hui Zong and his team took more than 860 ox carts.

It was miserable and humiliating to be driven by someone like Hu who didn't understand the other language. On April 5th, the second year of Jingkang, Hui Zong saw Wei Xianfei (Zhao Gou's mother) and others riding ahead, but he didn't say anything. He felt that his insides were about to crack and burst into tears. On April 7th, our concubine Cao Cai was raped by Jin Bing when she went to the toilet. When I arrived in Xiangzhou on the 8th, it happened that it didn't stop raining, and the car leaked rain. Maid-in-waiting was raped by nomad soldiers when she went to shelter from the rain in nomad tents. There were many dead people, Hui Zong sighed, but there was nothing she could do. On the way to the north, food was scarce and it rained heavily for several days. Song prisoners were hungry all over the floor, which was terrible.

When Qin Zong set out, he was forced to wear a felt hat, blue cloth and ride a dark horse, accompanied by Jin people. He looks crazy. Not only suffered from the wind and frost of the journey, but also was insulted by Jin Jun. Qinzong kept crying to the sky, but he was stopped. When camping at dusk, the nomads from the camp "escaped with the King of Qi, the Prince and my wife". On April 10, when crossing the Yellow River in Gongxian County, the driver told Zhang Shuye, who was also a member of the Privy Council, that he was going to cross the river, and Zhang Shuye died with a loud cry. In late May, when crossing Taihe Ridge, Qin Zong and others were tied on horseback. On July 20th, Hui Zong and Qin Zong met in Yanjing, and their father and son wept bitterly. Hui Zong thinks that life can be settled down. Unexpectedly, in September, Jin people moved their father and son to further Beijing. Due to the growing influence of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin people were afraid of retaking Hui Zong and his son, and lost their chips in the negotiations with the Southern Song Dynasty. In this way, Hui Zong and his son had to bear the pain of displacement again.

In the second year of Jian Yan (1 128), Hui Di and Emperor Qin arrived in Beijing, and Jin people wore mourning clothes to pay homage to Akuta Temple. This is called prisoner sacrifice ceremony, which actually humiliated the monarch and ministers of the Northern Song Dynasty. Then, they forced their father and son to visit Jin Taizong in Gan Yuan Hall. Then, Emperor Taizong of Jin named Huizong as faithful and faithful, and Qin Zong as faithful and faithful. This is also a trick played by the emperor of the Central Plains. Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and made him Duke of the Great Wall. Song Taizu destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty and named Li Yu as a disobedient Hou. In addition, more than 300 people under Wei Xianfei entered the laundry. The queen Zhu was humiliated and drowned, while the man was drafted into the army.

Soon, the Jin people drove Huidi and Qindi to Wu Guocheng, a desolate and remote border town, where they lived until their death. After a stable life, Huizong had the pleasure of reading and writing poems again. Hui Zong likes reading, and sometimes he forgets to eat and sleep. On one occasion, he read the biography of Li Bi in the Tang Dynasty, and knew that Li Bi had been loyal to the country and rejuvenating the country, and was later hated by his henchmen. Hui Zong felt deeply after reading it, and asked the minister to copy a copy for Wei Xianfei. However, Hui Zong realized it was too late.

During their stay in Wuguocheng, Huizong and Qinzong also drank wine and wrote poems at the banquet, so naturally they had high hopes for Qinzong. Hui Zong loved writing poems all his life, and his sadness as a prisoner also flooded his poems. Hui Zong wrote many poems during his exile, but only a dozen have survived. Among them, In the North Topic Wall is the most popular:

The west wind broke the door all night, and Eden was depressed.

Looking back at the mountain, there are no geese flying in the south.

The feeling of loneliness and desolation is vividly on the paper.

Hui Zong lived in Wu Guocheng for three years and died in Shaoxing for five years (1 135). Qinzong was extremely sad and suffered a heavy blow to his body and mind. In the 12th year of Shaoxing (1 142), in March, the relationship between Song and Jin eased, and he returned to Song from Wuguocheng. When she left, Qin Zong took her car and asked her to tell Gao Zong that if she could return to the Song Dynasty, it would be enough to be a Taiyi Palace Master. Emperor Gaozong was worried that his younger brother would threaten his throne when he came back. On the surface, he cried out to welcome Hui Di and Qin Emperor back, but in his heart, he hoped that they would die in a different place. Therefore, he has been making peace with the Jin people all his life and has no intention of returning to the Central Plains.

In the 26th year of Shaoxing (1 156), Song Qinzong died of illness. But it was not until the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1) that the death of Qin Zong spread to the Southern Song Dynasty. On the surface, Emperor Gaozong was in pain, but he was secretly happy. In July, posthumous title "Gongwen Shunde Renxiao Emperor", the hall number Qin Zong.

Song Qinzong's death was recorded in the Last Tale of Xuanhe in the Song Dynasty. 11In June, 56, Yan Hongliang, the gold owner, ordered Qin Zong to play polo. Emperor Qin Zong was weak, suffering from severe wind disease and was not good at equestrian. He quickly fell off his horse and was trampled to death.

Time goes back to 100 years ago. When our ancestor forced Li Yu, the queen of Southern Tang Dynasty, to death, did he ever think that there would be such a talented artist emperor among his descendants? Did he ever think that his descendants would have such a day again?

family member

parents

Father: Song Huizong Evonne

Mother: Wang, the noble queen.

Madam

Queen Julian (? -1 127), Song Qinzong, Queen of Zhao Huan, was born in Bianjing. In the seventh year of Xuanhe, Qin Zong ascended the throne and conferred Zhu as the queen. Later, nomads from the captured Bianjing city, captured Hui Di, Qin Emperor, Zheng and Zhu emperors, and more than 3,000 imperial clan and harem ministers returned to the north. It was April of the lunar calendar and the weather in the north was still very cold. The clothes of Hui Di, Qin Emperor, Zheng and Zhu are very thin, and they often can't sleep at night. Empress Zhu is twenty-six years old, gorgeous and colorful, and is often molested by nomads from the army. It is said that when the Jin people arrived at Huining Mansion, they would hold a ceremony to offer prisoners, and ordered the second emperor, his empresses and imperial clan to go to Jin Taizu Temple to hold a "sheep-holding ceremony", and ordered the Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager to enter the Jindian to "bathe". Empress Zhu was humiliated and drowned herself that day.

children

son

Prince Zhao Chen. ), yes, the eldest son, Zhu Suosheng. Zheng He was born in the seventh year (1 1 17). He is Song Huizong's first grandson. Since the establishment of the Song Dynasty, there has not been a direct grandson of the current emperor. Song Huizong was overjoyed. Cai Jing asked to be appointed as an inspector, and Shao Bao, Chang Dejun, Feng, and agreed. Wang Fu helped seize the power of Cai Jing, saying that Cai Jing regarded the Prince of the East Palace as the emperor, so he made Zhao Chen the defense envoy of Gaozhou. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), he succeeded to the throne and moved to Zhao Shaobao, Zhaoqing Army and Daning County King. Shao Fu and Ning, they entered the school and made our efforts. In April, he was appointed Crown Prince.

Zhao Jin, born on the 6th day of September in the first year of Jianyan, was born to Shen Defai (Jing Shi * * * Yu).

Zhao Xun, born on July 6th, the third year of Jianyan, is the mother of Mrs. Zheng (historical note of Jingkang * * *). Trainees are born in the north. Dangshan people stayed with monks, and Jin people said, "They are all like Zhao." I am glad to meet a monk. Shaoxing ten years, three roads, please imperial clan. When the monk said that he was the second son of Shaodi, he was sent by the dharma protector to visit Sizhou. Sun Shouxin, the state official, was suspicious and Bai Shouzhi asked him to go to the DPRK. Gemen said that Shensheng had no second son and wrote to rebeccalu for illegal treatment. When a monk was guilty, he was transferred to Qiongzhou. Later, someone came from the north and said, "Sheng Yuan Xiao Wang instructed me to live in Wuguocheng." ("Songshi Imperial Clan")

daughter

Princess Jouja, born to Queen Julian, was born in 1 12 1, and the date of her death is unknown. Then follow Song Qinzong to Wu Guocheng.

Historical evaluation

General comments

Song Qinzong's rule lasted only over a year, but he devoted himself to 26 ministers. Among them, Geng Nanzhong, Li Gang, Zhongshidao and others have a key impact on the crisis. Some of their important strategies to save the country were not adopted by Song Qinzong, while some important plans to harm the country were adopted by Song Qinzong. The following excerpt is from the article "Song Qinzong and His Four Generals" by Wang Zengyu, a researcher at the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences. Through this article, we can know the gains and losses of Song Qinzong's political strategy during his administration, as well as his merits and demerits in governing the country for one year.

First, with Geng Nanzhong

Before Song Qinzong acceded to the throne, Geng Nanzhong served as the palace minister of the Crown Prince for fourteen years. Song Huizong dotes on Zhao Kai, the third son of Wang Yun, and quite intends to abolish the establishment. According to Hu Yin, "When Emperor Sheng Yuan was in the East Palace, Wang Fu's desire was shaken many times. (G) Nan Zhong is an official in the East Palace. When he has nothing to do, he turns to You Bangyan for help. At that time, Bangyan was favored by his family, which was another day's plan. Every time he is embarrassed by Wang, he has settled the dispute. " Due to the special relationship when the Crown Prince's position was in jeopardy, on the third day after he ascended the throne, Song Qinzong ordered Geng Nanzhong to sign a book for the Privy Council. Geng Nanzhong was afraid of 8 Jin Army and once fled Kaifeng, which still won the trust of Song Qinzong.

Geng Nanzhong's most important achievements after taking office are: first, excluding dissidents; Second, we should "advocate peace" and undermine the resistance to gold. These two misdeeds are not in peacetime, but in crisis, so they should play a bad role in the collapse of the Northern Song Dynasty. Not afraid of public war, but brave in private struggle, there were many scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty. If they are completely incompetent in governing the country and saving the country, but they are intrigued and play politics, but they are smart enough, Geng Nanzhong is a typical example.

Second, with Li Gang

Jin Jun invaded the south, and the officials and people in the Song Dynasty were in chaos, so there was nothing they could do. Li Gang, who was in Shao Qing at that time, stood out and rose to the position of assistant minister of the Ministry of War, and soon became in power.

Song Qinzong then granted him the right to stay in Tokyo for personal exploration. As "Zhuzi School" volume 130 said: "If you didn't make him then, who made him? Morale has reached this point, and no one else will move forward without rest. Only the canal doesn't care about death, but it depends on death. " Li Gang, as a civil servant who didn't understand soldiers, actually organized the defense of Kaifeng city quite effectively and repelled the enemy many times in a hurry. He not only won high prestige among the gentry, but also caused deep jealousy among his peers. Song Qinzong himself wavered between cowardly capitulationism and reckless adventurism. He appointed Li Gang to be in charge of the city defense, but he could not be granted full authority, let alone listen to Li Gang's dissuasion and devote himself to humiliation and peace.

In early February of the first year of Jingkang (A.D. 1 126), Yao was not allowed to rob Jinying. Director Li compiled a long edition of "Continuing the History as a Mirror", which attributed the matter to "Li Gang's initiative to Zhong Ping", but Li Gang clearly stated in the play "The Last Emperor" that "Zhong Ping came out of the mountain" and "it has nothing to do with me". Therefore, Zhu Ziyujuan 130 argued its right and wrong, saying, "robbing the village was Yao's lucky move, and the outline was unknown." In fact, this robbery killed many people. "The company lost more than 100 people, while (Shaanxi) Sanxi soldiers and Qinwang division were injured by more than a thousand people." Li Bangyan, the prime minister, "advocated peace and avoided Li Gang's main battle", took the opportunity to exaggerate the situation with the ruling party and excessively accused Li Gang. Panicked, he ordered the recall of Li, a veteran of Shaanxi reinforcements and an official of the Privy Council. As a result, a patriotic movement led by Chen Dong broke out in Kaifeng.

Chen Dong had never seen Li Gang once until his death. Tens of thousands of unorganized people gathered in front of Xuande's house, which shows that people are United and have the same reason. Everyone believes that saving the country belongs to Li Gang. Of course, it is difficult for mass movements to control the violence here, such as killing Chamberlain and beating Prime Minister Li Bangyan. However, Song Qinzong undoubtedly regards the patriotic mass movement as a serious step and cannot tolerate the challenge to His Majesty. Although forced to reuse Li Gang, there is no evidence to prove that Li Gang manipulated the "blessing and deficiency" behind the scenes. "Since then, there has been a gap between the monarch and the minister, and it is suspected that he threatened the military and the people" and "quite taboo". At that time, Li Gang was told by an air official that Li Gang "only used thirty-one" because he had no quality. However, Song Qinzong actually gave a royal approval, saying, "Only for making a fortune, not for prestige, I have exclusive rights and can't immerse myself for a long time." As Zhu Dui sighed: "So, teach people how to do things?"

Song Qinzong was once forced to form an alliance with Hong Yan, commander-in-chief of the Jin Dong Route Army. Afterwards, he repented and listened to Li Gang's suggestion to "solve the siege of Taiyuan" and refused to cede the land north of Taiyuan, Zhongshan and Hejian.

After Song Qinzong broke the contract, the first problem was to rescue Taiyuan, the besieged capital of Hedong. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, a major drawback of its wartime unified military system was to follow the tradition. Tong Guan, Liang and other ignorant civil servants and eunuchs often presided over the military. As mentioned earlier, Li Gang publicly reprimanded Geng Nanzhong for alienating his father and son, which caused a heavy gap between the two sides. When Song Jun failed to rescue Taiyuan for the first time, Geng Nanzhong took the opportunity to say, "If you want to help Taiyuan, you have to have an outline." Song Qinzong immediately appointed Li Gang as Fu Xuan's ambassador to Hebei and Hedong Road. At that time, Chen, Chen Gongfu and Yu Yingqiu, the Taiwan admonishers, all saw through the intentions of Geng Nanzhong and others, saying that Li Gang was "ignorant of military orders, and the soldiers would be defeated", "trapped by ministers" and "should not be sent". Li Gang himself has self-knowledge, saying that he "missed the state affairs, and death is not enough to plug the blame". However, Song Qinzong listened to the gossip and flew into a rage. Han Xu, the only like-minded member of the Privy Council in Zai Zhi, wrote the word "Du You" for Li Gang, quoting the allusion that Qin General Bai Qi was executed. Li Gang had to travel here.

The battle of Taiyuan was a key battle that decided the fate of the Northern Song Dynasty. The fall of Taiyuan enabled Shanxi West Route Army to join forces with East Route Army in the south, while Song Jun's main force was exhausted in two rescue wars, and the fall of Kaifeng House was a foregone conclusion. Li Gang didn't do his best in the rescue war, but he was constrained by the imperial court in many ways under already very difficult circumstances. Finally, Taiyuan was disintegrated after the fall and demoted to Beijing.

As Hu Yin later commented, Geng Nanzhong's "the division of the East River in China will make the trap disappear, and we must believe in the extension of peace talks." Li Gang's stepping down certainly accelerated the personal resentment of Geng Nanzhong and others, but it was Song Qinzong himself who was most affected. When Kaifeng was besieged again, it was too late for Song Qinzong to "call Li Gang as a college student and lead the Kaifeng government" in the leap November of the first year of Jingkang. Li Gang received this imperial edict, about in the second year of Jingkang, that is, in March of the first year of the proposal (A.D. 1 127), when the Jin people were driving Lu Hui and Qin Emperor northward. Despite the failure to save Taiyuan, by the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, all people of insight in the ruling and opposition still believed that only Li Gang could shoulder the heavy responsibility of saving the country.

History book evaluation

The History of Song Dynasty praised that the emperor was in the East Palace, but he did not lose his virtue. And its practice, sound technology music is nothing. The early treatment of Jingkang could punish Wang Fu and Zhu CuO, so when Jin people heard of the Zen in Emperor Zhong, they would have the intention of spreading armor to the north. Unfortunately, the chaos has become hopeless, and the monarch and his subjects look at each other, but they can't work together to save the country and dare not make peace. The death of father and son led to the destruction of the country. As for the emperor, beggars' gangs are timid and ignorant! I enjoyed a short time in the country, but I suffered a lot. What is the test really a pity! Poor my husband!