Common sense of raising deer

1. What should I pay attention to when raising sika deer?

Sika deer is a treasure, and velvet antler has high medicinal value and nourishing effect. Is the king of traditional Chinese medicine, nourishing top grade. Deer kidney has the function of strengthening yang and tonifying deficiency, and is regarded as a specific medicine for strengthening yang, replenishing essence and improving sexual function by medical circles at home and abroad. Deer tail and deer tendon have the function of treating epilepsy and other diseases; Deer fetus has the function of treating kidney deficiency and gynecological diseases; Deer blood and deer placenta also have high medicinal value; Deerskin is the best raw material for making high-grade and expensive leather clothes. Deer tendon, deer heart and venison are high-end famous dishes on the luxury table.

So, what conditions do you need to breed sika deer? Site Selection Topography, Landform and Soil The deer farm site should choose sandy or stony soil site with dry terrain and a slope of 5 degrees to the south or southeast. The mountainous area should be chosen in a place that is not threatened by mountains and rivers, sheltered from the wind, with good wind direction and good drainage.

Feed conditions This is the main condition for choosing a farm. It is best to choose a place with lush grass all year round, good environmental protection, less pollution and low noise.

The sika deer in full captivity need an average of 350-400 kg of concentrated feed and coarse feed1750-2000 kg per year (the requirement of red deer is 2-3 times that of sika deer). Sika deer is a ruminant, its food intake is lower than that of cattle and sheep, and its resistance to roughage is stronger. Straw, by-products, litter and wormwood of all crops are good feed for deer.

Because the physiological characteristics of sika deer belong to wild habits, the feed conversion rate is very high, so green feed can meet the requirements of mountainous areas, semi-mountainous areas and pastoral areas, and no concentrate can be given all the year round, which can save feed costs by 30%~40% compared with general cold areas. Water source conditions Before the construction of the deer farm, it is necessary to conduct necessary investigation and investigation on the groundwater level, natural water source, water quantity and water quality, as well as physical and biological detection of water quality, and pay attention to the content of inorganic salts in the water.

For the inorganic salt content in well water or spring water, the standard should be to meet the needs of growth and domestic water in dry season. Avoid using natural water sources in rivers and other places or polluted water sources near the site.

The site selection of social environment deer farm should not be selected near industrial and mining areas and public facilities, and should not be built in places polluted by infectious diseases of cattle and sheep or on the former site of livestock farm. Deer farms should be built downwind of local residential areas, and 3000 meters away from downwind, so as not to disturb deer herds or infectious diseases caused by various complex environments.

The feeding principle is mainly green roughage, supplemented by concentrated feed, and the compound feed is mainly local green juicy feed and roughage. Try to make use of local feed resources with low price, large quantity, wide source and stable supply.

Every time you feed, you should feed it properly, regularly and quantitatively. If the feeding amount is insufficient, the deer will be hungry soon after feeding, which will not only affect the digestive function of the deer. Feeding too much each time will not only waste feed, but also affect the appetite when feeding next time. Keep it even day by day, not too much and not too little.

Due to different feeding conditions and sika deer varieties, the yield and quality of velvet antler are also different. Therefore, it is very complicated to accurately estimate the annual profit of a deer, and it must be estimated according to the actual situation. However, one thing can be referenced, that is, raising a sika deer in the northeast consumes 350-400 kilograms of concentrated feed every year, and with roughage, the cost is around 700 yuan.

If there is enough forage in mountainous areas or temperate zones, you can generally save 100-200 yuan feed, which is a great advantage. Therefore, deer breeding in the south will generally not lose money except natural disasters.

2. How to raise sika deer

From September to 165438+ 10 every year, after the male deer and the female deer mate, they enter the rest stage in winter.

Although deer do not produce cashmere and litter in winter, it is closely related to cashmere and litter in the second year. If good feeding and management conditions are not provided in winter, there will be no high yield in summer.

Therefore, the management of deer breeding in winter is an important link to improve the economic benefits of deer breeding and to win the winter safely and smoothly. Therefore, according to the current experience and practice of raising deer in various places, the author mainly introduces several feeding and management techniques of winter deer as follows.

1 Pay attention to the insulation of the deer house. Although deer are not afraid of cold, the cold environment will consume a lot of heat energy in deer. In order to increase body heat to keep out the cold, deer increased their food intake, resulting in waste of feed and increased production costs.

Young deer and breeding deer are sensitive to environmental temperature. If the house is too cold in winter, it will not only affect the growth and development of deer, but also easily lead to colds, pneumonia and partial death. At present, it has been accepted by people to raise cattle and pigs in a warm environment to improve production efficiency. Similarly, raising deer in greenhouse in winter is also an important technical measure.

At present, the commonly used thermal insulation measures are: (1) sawdust can be spread on the ground of the pen house as a cushion in winter, which not only keeps the heat, but also absorbs feces and urine, which is convenient for improving the environmental sanitation in the pen house. (2) Block the air holes on the wall of the deer house to prevent the wind from invading.

(3) After it snows in winter, the snow inside and outside the house should be cleaned in time, which can not only keep warm, but also prevent the deer from slipping and causing fractures. (4) Warm drinking water should be supplied in winter, and the remaining water in the tank can be discharged at night to prevent the deer from freezing and cracking the tank when drinking ice water.

(5) Farmers can raise deer by hanging grass curtains, cloth curtains and plastic sheets. Put it on the door of the house to keep warm. You can also put a few bundles of firewood at the door at night and take them down during the day.

2. The basis of artificial auxiliary lighting (1). The live weight of deer grows faster in spring and summer than in autumn and winter (the slowest growth in winter).

This natural growth law prolongs the maturity of deer and delays the cashmere production time of deer. If deer is used as meat, the supply of deer meat will be unbalanced all year round, that is, there are plenty of meat sources in spring and summer and lack of meat sources in autumn and winter.

The seasonal growth of deer is naturally formed and inherent, which has nothing to do with the simple feed supply, but with the length of light. According to the research, it is found that the continuous light in winter is 16 hours, followed by 8 hours in darkness, and the light intensity reaches 250~300lx (lux). After six weeks of regular treatment, deer can accelerate growth, increase feed intake and gain weight in winter.

(2) The necessity of filling light. China is located in the temperate zone, with four distinct seasons in most areas and short sunshine in winter lasting for 3~4 months.

Artificial light source should be used for supplementary lighting, so that captive deer can have a continuous illumination time of 16 hours. (3) the method of supplementary lighting.

Any kind of electric light can be used as a light source, and incandescent bulbs are generally suitable. It is only necessary to measure the light up to 250~300lx at the height from the ground 1 m (not directly below the light source). Usually, the lights are turned on after the sun goes down, and artificial lighting is carried out.

Turn off the lights in natural light (daylight) hours plus working lights 16 hours. If it is cloudy or cloudy, the light intensity of the whole day should be changed to artificial light.

(4) Effect of supplementary artificial lighting: By adopting supplementary artificial lighting, obvious effects have been seen in many deer farms in China. According to the data, the experiment of light supplement in winter showed that the daily gain of the experimental group was 330 grams in a long period of 6 weeks, while that of the control group without artificial light supplement was about 152 grams, and that of the experimental group was 2.

More than twice as much. At the same time, the feed intake of deer in the experimental group increased, the feed utilization rate increased, the fur color was bright, and the cashmere production time was 5~ 10 days earlier.

Artificial light supplement for deer in winter is good for both meat deer and velvet antler, especially for breeding deer. It can promote deer to mature ahead of time and produce cashmere, and increase economic benefits. After feeding high-quality feed with artificial light, the feed intake of deer increases, so it is necessary to provide high-quality and sufficient feed for deer, fully tap the potential of artificial light, and achieve the purpose of improving production performance.

In some deer farms in northern China, corn stalks and bean stalks are often used to feed deer in winter, which not only can not meet the demand for feed after light supplement, but also is prone to vitamin deficiency. Therefore, it is best to add alfalfa powder, carrots or beets to the feed to meet the nutritional needs of deer growth and metabolism.

Wild roe deer breeding.

3. What are the deer breeding management techniques?

The basic principle of deer feeding management is scientific and reasonable feed collocation. When choosing feed raw materials, we should pay attention to quality. According to the source, type, quantity, storage, quality, management and production level of feed, all kinds of raw materials are rationally utilized and scientifically matched to meet the nutritional needs of deer.

Deer belong to herbivorous ruminant livestock, which should be mainly green feed, supplemented by concentrated feed according to different seasons and growth stages. Deer have developed organs of vision, hearing, smell and taste, and are extremely sensitive to changes in external environmental conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a fixed feeding conditioned reflex and feed regularly, quantitatively, qualitatively and in groups.

In general, the feeding time changes with the seasons, but it should remain relatively stable. The principle is to make the feeding interval equal, generally three times a day, twice a day in winter, and 1 time in the evening. In order to keep the material relatively constant, it is necessary to change the material gradually, and it should not be rushed. It should generally be 2? Three-week transition.

When increasing feed, it must be done step by step to avoid "top feeding" caused by excessive feeding, and the feed reduction can be appropriately increased. The water should be clean and the water supply should be sufficient. Warm water should be drunk in winter to prevent cold water from affecting the stomach.

In daily management, the trough should be cleaned before feeding every day (at least with quicklime water/kloc-0 times per month), the growth and development of deer should be accurately detected, the pens should be cleaned regularly, disinfected regularly, and the changes of deer should be observed at any time. Found that hooves are three times longer than normal deer? 5cm, even 5? 7cm, affecting the walking and normal activities of Bigfoot deer, should be repaired in time.

Cultivate sika deer

First, common sense of ecological habits of sika deer A. Morphological characteristics of sika deer: sika deer is a medium-sized deer.

Body length 1.3- 1.5m, shoulder height 0.85- 1.0m, tail length about 0.2m and weight 80- 130kg. Brown-red body with white spots, named after plum blossom. The head is slightly round, the face is long, the nose is * * *, the eyes are big and round, the infraorbital gland is cracked, the lacrimal gland fossa is obvious, and the ears are big and upright.

The neck is slender and the trunk is moderate. The limbs are slender, the main hoof is narrow and pointed, and the side crying is small.

Short tail. There are obvious white patches on the buttocks.

The body hair is brown, bright in summer, with obvious white plum blossom spots. The winter hair is slightly deeper than the summer hair, with fluff, but no white spots, and some are only faintly visible. Only males have horns, * * * has four forks, and the eyebrow fork extends obliquely forward, forming an obtuse angle with the trunk, and the secondary branch is higher, so it is often mistaken for no secondary branch, and the end of the trunk is divided into two branchlets.

These cubs are brightly colored with dense white spots on their backs and sides. B. Species of sika deer: sika deer has 10 subspecies.

There are South China subspecies, Northeast Asia subspecies, Shanxi subspecies and Sichuan subspecies. C. Living habits of sika deer: 1. Sika deer is an animal that likes to live in groups, ranging from 2 to dozens in each group.

However, the structure of the herd changes with the seasons. In the breeding season, the deer herd consists of 65,438+0 strong adult stags, 65,438+0-65,438+00 adult females, some sub-adult deer and young deer, which is called "breeding deer herd". From May to July, it is the calving season for sika deer, and the stag in labor wanders to a secluded place to calve. Then bring your own deer to live or combine with other mother and child groups, sometimes as many as dozens.

It's called "mother-child group". In the non-breeding season, there are several small groups composed entirely of adult stags or adult females, which are called "stag group" and "female deer group".

2. Sika deer are mainly active in the early morning and dusk, mostly wandering in places near water sources and with more food, with an activity range of about 5- 15km. D. Feeding habits of sika deer: Sika deer is a pure herbivore, feeding on leaves, buds and twigs of various herbs, trees and shrubs.

E. Reproductive characteristics of sika deer: Sika deer is a seasonal animal. Every autumn * * *, 10- 1 1 is the mating peak.

At this time, they appear restless and lose appetite, especially the bucks, which are fierce and aggressive. If there are more than two adult stags in the herd, there will be fierce fighting, and the result will be either mutual loss or the strong will drive the weak out of the herd. It didn't return to normal until after the mating period.

The gestation period is 7.5-8 months, each fetus 1 baby, and 2 babies are rare. Young deer gain the fastest weight within 3 months, and then gradually decrease.

Second, the preparation for investing in the sika deer project A. Site preparation: The deer farm is built in a place with high and dry terrain, sunny leeward, good drainage and convenient water sources. Deer have a lot of activity. The deer house covers an area of 2~3 square meters per capita, and the sports ground is 8~ 10 square meters.

The ground is paved with slate or smooth wooden board or cement board, and the feces are easy to clean. Railings are set around the deer farm, 2.5~3 meters high, to prevent deer from jumping and running away.

Do not choose to build farms near industrial and mining areas and public facilities, or in places polluted by infectious diseases of cattle and sheep, or on the former site of livestock farms. B facilities preparation: deer house, concentrate and coarse materials warehouse, feed processing preparation room, silage kiln (ditch), deer products processing room such as velvet antler, veterinary room and other sideline production rooms.

C. Technical preparation: Deer breeding technology mainly depends on learning from books, newspapers and magazines, or from the electronic publication Deer Breeding Technology of this website, so as to continuously improve and enrich the breeding technology. D, feed preparation: Deer farm should have enough feed land or reliable base to supply all kinds of feed.

Fully captive sika deer need an average of 350~400 kg of concentrated feed and 1200~ 1500 kg of roughage every year. E, epidemic prevention preparation: sika deer has strong resistance and low incidence. Under artificial feeding, the incidence is less, but sometimes it can cause epidemic encephalitis, rabies, anthrax, colibacillosis and other infectious diseases. Attention should also be paid to prevention and control during artificial breeding.

F. Preparation before introduction Before introduction, it is necessary to comprehensively and comprehensively understand the source of seed supply and master the basic knowledge of breeding. We should purchase from units with seedling management qualifications, adhere to the principle of comparing quality with price and comparing service, and adhere to the principle of purchasing nearby to ensure the quality and price of seedlings. /showx？ id = 3234 & ampcid= 15 .

5. What are the requirements for raising sika deer?

Sika deer is a treasure, so it has high breeding value.

However, it is not easy to breed sika deer, and the following prerequisites are required: 1. Location: Deer farm should be sandy or stony, with a slope of 5 degrees and dry terrain. The mountainous area should be chosen in a place that is not threatened by mountains and rivers, sheltered from the wind, with good wind direction and good drainage.

2. Feed: This is the main condition for field selection. It is best to choose a place with lush grass all year round, good environmental protection, less pollution and low noise.

The sika deer in full captivity needs an average of 350kg ~ 400kg of concentrated feed and roughage 1750kg ~ 2000kg per year (the requirement of red deer is 2 ~3 times that of sika deer). Sika deer is a ruminant, its food intake is lower than that of cattle and sheep, and its resistance to roughage is stronger. Straw, by-products, litter and wormwood of all crops are good feed for deer.

Because the physiological characteristics of sika deer belong to wild habits, the feed conversion rate is very high, so green feed can meet the requirements of mountainous areas, semi-mountainous areas and pastoral areas, and no concentrate can be given all the year round, which can save feed costs by 30%~40% compared with general cold areas.

6. What is the breeding method of sika deer?

Raising sika deer is timid and neurotic.

Therefore, artificial breeding needs a relatively spacious fence to avoid running around and causing casualties when disturbed. Generally, it is required to have a large sports ground, with a per capita area of not less than 20 square meters.

The ground in the pen house should be slightly inclined to facilitate drainage and avoid silt in the pen house. The ground should be solid or paved with bricks and stones where deer often move. There should be a sink in the pigsty.

It is best to have shade in the circle, or build a shed in summer to avoid light. Put more hay in the house in winter to sleep and rest.

Sika deer are relatively cold-resistant animals, and generally do not need any special cold protection and warmth in winter. Clean the house and playground thoroughly every morning.

In addition, every time you approach an animal, such as feeding or other situations, you should send a signal to the deer in advance to make it ready, otherwise the sudden intrusion will cause the deer to panic. When a deer is frightened, its tears are wide open, its forelimbs step on the ground, and its buttocks stand upside down, which is easy to kill.