What are the strangest expressway on earth?

The strangest highway in the world. Asiana Highway Location: Maui, Hawaii, USA Background: The Asiana Highway in Hawaii runs through the northern coast of Maui and is generally considered as one of the most beautiful roadside highways in the world. Unique: The Hana Highway is 52 miles (about 84 kilometers) long, with about 600 bends and 54 bridges (mostly one-way). Hani Mahmassani, director of the Transportation Research Center of Northwest University and a civil engineer, said: "When you have to build such a expressway in coastal areas, you must try your best to adapt to local conditions. If you want to cross this area faster, you can only dig tunnels, so the construction cost will be high. " Mahmassani led and implemented more than 100 traffic construction projects. According to the Hawaii Tourism Bureau, the Asiana Highway is narrow and winding, and the roadside scenery is beautiful. It often takes some drivers four hours to pass. 2. Stevio Pass Location: Lombardy, Italy Background: Stevio Pass is located in the Alps in Italy, starting at an altitude of 3 1 16 feet (about 950 meters) and extending to an altitude of 9,050 feet (about 2,760 meters). Stelvio Pass was first built at 1820. Unique: The Stelvio Pass is called "48 bends", which means there are 48 bends along the way, with an average slope of 7.4%. Mahmassani said: "If you want to get down from the hillside, there are only two roads in front of you: one is to cut the Stelvio Mountain in the middle, and the other is to zigzag forward." The most difficult part of the trip to Italy was held in Stelvio Mountain. According to American standards, the average slope of 7.4% is already very large. He said that the slope of 6% is probably the maximum slope designed by expressway in the United States, and it is necessary to have an emergency deceleration lane and a safety sign: "When you drive up and down this expressway, I am afraid that you will get seasick." 3. Location of Guo Liang Tunnel: Henan Province, China Background: This spectacular tunnel is one of the few passages into Guo Liang, a remote village in Henan Province, China. Unique: Guo Liang Tunnel was excavated by local people only by hand in 1970s, and was called "not only a sculpture of traffic facilities" by Mahmassani. This tunnel passes through one of the most dangerous sections of Taihang Mountain and connects with the "temporary window" on the cliff to enjoy the scenery on one side. The clearance of the tunnel is only 15 feet (about 4.5 meters) and the width is 12 feet (about 3.7 meters). The whole tunnel is on the edge of the cliff, winding, and the driver will be surprised to break out in a cold sweat after passing here. 4. Location of Memorial Axis: Brasilia, Brazil Background: Memorial Axis Highway leads to the core area of Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, from southeast and northwest, thus facilitating access to the most important government, financial and cultural institutions in Brazil. Unique: Brasilia was built in the late 1950s, which enabled engineers and architects to integrate large buildings with expressway. Expressway was once an important part of Brasilia's urban planning. Known as the "Memorial Axis", it has the largest isolation belt in the world. This open area in the center of expressway divides the eastbound and westbound lanes of 12 in two. Mahmassani compared the "Memorial Axis" to national mall in Washington, D.C.: "You have a lot of green space, which can be used for private activities or large-scale activities, such as the presidential inauguration." 5. Atlantic Road Location: Alfa Romeo, Norway Background: Atlantic Road, also known as "Atlantic Road", is 5.4 miles (about 8.69 kilometers) long and located on the west coast of Norway. 1989 opened to traffic. Unique: the Atlantic route is composed of eight small bridges, each of which passes through an island. This road has a unique design and passes through the natural landscape of various islands. When talking about this, Mahmassani said: "This road is quite ingenious and provides an opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery on both sides of the road." According to the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the area where the Atlantic Road passes is vulnerable to hurricanes in autumn, and the construction team was hit by 12 hurricanes during the construction of this road. 6. Location of Magic Carousel: Swindon, England Background: This transportation hub was opened to traffic in 1972. It was originally called "County Island Ring Knot", and later it was officially renamed "Magic Round Covenant"-the name of a children's TV series that was popular in Europe in the 1960s. Unique: Britain is famous around the island, and swinton's "magic carousel" is one of the most complicated roads around the island in the world. Five small roundabout roads are connected in a clockwise direction, and vehicles drive around the middle circle in a counterclockwise direction. Mahmassani said: "We don't recommend this expressway design at all. This is difficult to understand and dangerous. British people like to design such things. " Ray Harper, an engineer who participated in the design of the "Magic Carousel", said in an interview with the BBC that in the first few years of its opening to traffic, the traffic around the island reached 1 100 vehicles per hour. 7. Location of Highway 1: Iceland Background: Iceland Highway 1 was completed in 1974, with a total length of about 830 miles (about 1336 km). Unique: Iceland Highway No.1 is also called "Ring Road" because it forms a big circle around the whole of Iceland. There is only one lane in some sections of this highway, which passes through many bays, subarctic deserts and Atlantic coasts. Iceland 1 Highway is very popular with tourists and has become one of Iceland's landmark buildings. However, drivers should be prepared for this, because the bridges along the way are old and some sections are not paved with asphalt. 8. Cherokee Road Location: Robinsville, North Carolina, USA Background: This road first passes through the Great Smoky Mountains in southwest North Carolina and then through the Tennessee wilderness. Unique: Although the total length of Cherohara Skyway is only about 50 miles (about 80 kilometers), its cost is as high as 1 100 million dollars, and its design life is about 36 years. This two-lane expressway was officially opened to traffic on 1996, and the altitude along the way varies greatly. The lowest point in Tennessee is only 900 feet (about 274 meters), and the highest point is the peak "Haw Knob" at the junction of North Carolina and Tennessee, with an altitude of 5,400 feet (about 1646 meters). The Cherokee-Hala Highway has also been rated as "National Landscape Avenue" by the Federal Highway Administration, and it is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful sections east of the Mississippi River. 9. Rongas Highway Location: La Paz, Bolivia Background: Rongas Highway is located in the west of Bolivia, connecting La Paz and Roiko. You can't expect to find any guardrail when driving on this highway. Rongas Highway is between 4000 feet (about 12 19 meters) and 15 thousand feet (about 4572 meters) above sea level, and the width of some sections is only 10 feet (about 3 meters). Unique: Due to frequent traffic accidents, this notorious expressway is also vividly called "the road to death". The Rongas Highway winds through the wilderness of Bolivia, and a drop of 2,000 feet (about 6 10 meter) is not unusual for it. In an interview with Popular Mechanics magazine, Mahmassani said: "The original Jungas may be a donkey road, and with the passage of time, it gradually evolved into a expressway." Ronggas highway widening project is a huge project, which will face great challenges in terms of environment and capital. In the process of widening, you need to do "surgery" on the mountainside, and at the same time carry tons of rocks produced during excavation. 10. Dalton Highway Location: Livingwood, Alaska, USA Background: This highway was built in the 1970s and is parallel to the oil pipeline running through Alaska, connecting Livingwood, Alaska and Prudhoe Bay Oilfield. Unique: Because it is located in an extremely remote and desolate area, Dalton Highway naturally looks different. This road is 4 14 miles (about 666 kilometers) long, and almost all sections are unpaved, and the roads are all gravel. The Bureau of Land Management reminds potential drivers: "You won't see any restaurants, gift shops and gas stations, only forests, tundra and mountains, and roads and pipelines run through them like two ribbons." Mahmassani said that if Dalton Expressway is paved, it will be a nightmare for drivers, because the cold climate in Alaska will eventually fill the expressway with potholes. In bad weather, gravel can provide more friction for vehicles, and Dalton Highway will not freeze as easily as paved roads. 1 1. caplin Volcano Highway Location: New Mexico, USA Background: This highway wraps around caplin volcano like a ribbon. Caplin volcano, located in northeastern New Mexico, is actually a "dead" volcanic cinder cone. Caplin volcano erupted about 60,000 years ago, and its bottom circumference reached about 4 miles (about 6 kilometers). The expressway, completed at 1925, is the first expressway built on caplin volcano. Unique: caplin Volcano Highway is 2 miles (about 3 kilometers) long, and the road surface is very narrow and tortuous. If a bus breaks down, the whole traffic will stop. Except for the S-shaped sharp turn, most road sections are not equipped with guardrails, and the slope of the whole road surface reaches 6%. The highest elevation of caplin volcano reaches 8 182 feet (about 2493 meters). After reaching the top of the mountain, travelers can enter the crater through the pedestrian walkway. 12. Ram expressway, Calaque Location: Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan Background: This 800-mile expressway connects Pakistan and China. The two countries agreed to build Caraco Ram Highway at 1966, and the whole project was completed at 1978. 1986, all border crossings were officially opened. Unique: It is a formidable challenge to build a expressway crossing the mountain pass. The highway runs through Himalayas, Ram, Caraco and Pamirs, and some sections are 3 miles (about 5 kilometers) above sea level. Mahmassani said: "In this case, whenever you meet a mountain, you want to cross it because you have to. In the process of building this highway, people really realized the danger of the mountain pass. At that time, 8 10 Pakistani workers and 82 China workers died. " 13.7 9th Avenue Location: Buenos Aires, Argentina Background: This north-south street was officially put into use on June 1937 10. Throughout the 1980s, this road has been in a state of continuous expansion. July 9th Avenue imitates the Champs Elysé es in France and is the widest street in the world. Unique: On July 9th, the widest section of the Avenue has 8 lanes, and a series of smaller streets have 2 or 3 lanes, which are located on both sides of expressway. If the side roads are included, the total width of the avenue will reach 460 feet (about 140 meters) on July 9. Mahmassani pointed out that building wider roads seems to be a potential solution to alleviate the increasingly serious traffic congestion in the city, but in general, this way is not a feasible measure. He said: "A huge challenge is how to take care of such a huge street. Unless you have Napoleon's vision, you can't have a street like the Champs Elysé es. " 14. Trostegen Mountain Road Location: Ma Lao, Norway Background: Trostegen Mountain Road is located in the southwest of Norway. After eight years of construction, it was finally put into use in 1936. "Trollstigen" means "rotating ladder" in Norwegian. Unique: This mountain pass highway has 1 1 hairpin bends, with an altitude of 2,800 feet (about 853 meters) and an average slope of 9%. Driving on Tolstoy's first mountain road, the driver can hear the beautiful sound of Stiggers Falls rushing down. The waterfall goes down the hillside, passes a small bridge along the way and finally flows to the bottom of the mountain road. In 1930s, a part of the first mountain road in Togrol was cut directly on the hillside. This mountain road is usually open at the end of May. Due to the bad weather in winter in this area, it is sometimes closed all June. 15.Canton Trail Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Background: This cobblestone trail is located near Beechwell, Pennsylvania. Unique: The Pittsburgh Public Works Department confirmed that the slope of this path reached 37%. That is to say, the vertical height will increase by 37 feet (about 1 1 m) every time you drive horizontally. Fortunately, the municipal planners specially built steps for pedestrians at the edge of Canton Trail. Mahmassani said: "You can't regard this trail as a modern design. Their existence is often related to historical reasons. " Canton Trail has been competing with Baldwin Street in New Zealand for the title of "the steepest driveway in the world". According to unconfirmed reports, the slope of any section of the latter is between 35% and 38%. 16. Five-story overpass Location: Dallas, Texas, USA Background: This engineering miracle is located in the suburb of Dallas, connecting Interstate 635 and expressway 75, USA. The five-story overpass project is huge in scale. On June 5438+February, 2005, the constructors completed the construction of this "lane maze" one year ahead of schedule. Unique: As Mahmassani pointed out, building wider roads is not feasible for most cities. The solution in Dallas is to choose the "vertical" way. The height of some areas of the five-story overpass is equivalent to a 12-story building, and the number of people transported every day is about 500 thousand. The whole overpass consists of 37 permanent bridges and 6 temporary bridges. The retaining wall covers an area of 300,000 square feet (about 27,870 square meters), and the drainage pipe covers an area of 74,000 square feet (about 6,874 square meters). In 2006, the American Public Works Association rated the five-story overpass in Dallas as one of the "public works projects of the year". 17. Jiuqu Flower Street Location: San Francisco, California Background: Jiuqu Flower Street in San Francisco, California, USA is a symbol of the United States and attracts a large number of tourists from all over the world to visit here every year. Hundreds of hydrangeas and carefully decorated bushes make this road full of vitality, which is very rare in urban streets. Unique: Jiuqu Flower Street is the most recognizable street in San Francisco with an initial slope of 27%. Because of the steep slope, early cars could not conquer it. 1922, eight curves are added to this highway, and the gradient is reduced to 16%. Before 1939, Jiuquhua Street was always a two-way street. 18.Tibbit-Cantvoto Winter expressway Location: Northwest Canada Background: The reality show "Ice and Snow Forward" of the History Channel finally made this expressway known to women and children. The Tibbit-Contevoto Winter Highway is 370 miles (about 595 kilometers), and a large number of goods are transported to diamond mines in Canada through this ice road. Unique: In fact, this road from Tibbit to Canterwoto is not a real road, but a driveway connected by frozen lakes. As previously reported by Popular Mechanics magazine, this lane is a product of careful planning and has been monitored by maintenance personnel, and the lowest temperature in the area it passes through can reach MINUS 70 degrees.