Is China Meteorological Bureau a ministerial unit?

I. Introduction of the Department of Public Information

China Meteorological Bureau is a public institution directly under the State Council. Its predecessor was the Meteorological Bureau of the Central Military Commission, which was established in1949 65438+February. 1994 after the institutions directly under the State Council were changed into institutions directly under the State Council, they were authorized by the State Council to undertake the government management functions of national meteorological work and be responsible for the organization and management of national meteorological work. The meteorological departments throughout the country implement unified leadership and hierarchical management, and the meteorological departments and local people's governments have dual leadership, with the meteorological departments as the main leaders. Meteorology in China is a basic social welfare undertaking based on science and technology, and adheres to the development concept of "public meteorology, safety meteorology and resource meteorology" and the service tenet of "people-oriented, meticulous and ubiquitous". On June 5438+1 October1day, 2000, the Meteorological Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) came into effect, followed by the promulgation and implementation of the Regulations on Weather Modification, the Measures for the Protection of Meteorological Exploration Environment and Facilities, the Measures for Lightning Protection and Disaster Mitigation, and the Measures for the Administration of Balloon Flying.

China has initially formed a modern comprehensive atmospheric observation system that combines space-based, air-based and ground-based, with relatively complete categories and basically reasonable layout; A meteorological service system consisting of weather forecast, climate forecast, weather modification, drought monitoring and forecasting, lightning protection, agrometeorology, ecology and the development and utilization of climate resources has basically been formed. Meteorological services involve industry, agriculture, fishery, commerce, energy, transportation, construction, forestry, water conservancy, land and resources, ocean, salt industry, environmental protection, tourism, aviation, post and telecommunications, insurance and so on. In recent years, with the development of science and technology, economy and society, meteorological services and services such as atmospheric composition analysis and early warning, space weather early warning, sandstorm weather monitoring and forecasting, lightning protection device detection and engineering design, health and medical meteorology, and emergency response to public emergencies have also developed rapidly. At present, meteorological services have basically covered all fields of national economic construction, social development and national security, and the input-output ratio of social benefits and economic benefits of meteorological services has reached 1∶40.

China has formed a research system of meteorological science and technology basic research, high-tech research and application development. China Meteorological Bureau has nine national scientific research institutes, including China Meteorological Research Institute, China Meteorological Bureau Beijing Urban Meteorological Institute, China Meteorological Bureau Shenyang Atmospheric Environment Institute, China Meteorological Bureau Wuhan Rainstorm Institute, China Meteorological Bureau Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Bureau Guangzhou Tropical Marine Meteorological Institute, China Meteorological Bureau Chengdu Plateau Meteorological Institute, China Meteorological Bureau Lanzhou Drought Meteorological Institute and China Meteorological Bureau Urumqi Desert Meteorological Institute. In 2004, the Ministry of Science and Technology approved the establishment of the State Key Laboratory of Disaster Weather by China Meteorological Bureau. China Meteorological Bureau is one of the earliest departments in China to carry out the reform of public welfare scientific research institutes, and has passed the reform acceptance of national public welfare scientific research institutes, initially forming a new meteorological science and technology innovation system. China Meteorological Bureau is the domestic lead unit of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and has carried out a series of research on climate change science, impacts and countermeasures.

China adheres to an independent foreign policy and actively carries out multilateral and bilateral cooperation in meteorological science and technology with international organizations, countries and regions around the country's political, economic, scientific and diplomatic strategies. Bilateral meteorological science and technology cooperation and exchanges have been carried out with more than 160 countries and regions, and meteorological science and technology cooperation agreements have been signed with 2 1 countries, providing equipment and technical assistance to more than 70 developing countries. More than 350 meteorological directors and senior officials from 120 countries and regions visited China. China is a member of the World Meteorological Organization. Since 1973, the Director of China Meteorological Bureau has been a member of the Executive Council of the World Meteorological Organization. Zou, director of China Meteorological Bureau, was elected as the second vice-chairman of the World Meteorological Organization in 1983, the president in 1987 and the president in 199 1. In 20001year, officials from China served as Assistant Secretary-General in WMO Secretariat, and as Deputy Secretary-General of WMO in 2004. China National Meteorological Center is one of the professional meteorological centers in WMO region, which undertakes the meteorological forecast service in the Asia-Pacific region. China National Meteorological Information Center is one of the regional communication hubs of the World Meteorological Organization's global meteorological telecommunication system, and participates in the exchange of global meteorological observation data. Since 1980s, China has been actively participating in international activities to deal with global warming and climate change. Scientists from China have long served as co-chairs of Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which has played an important role in promoting climate change research and sustainable human development. China scientists also actively participate in the activities of the World Meteorological Organization and Typhoon Committee in various fields and related international research programs.

Second, the organization and main responsibilities

China Meteorological Bureau has internal organs: Office, Emergency Disaster Reduction and Public Service Department, Forecasting and Network Department, Comprehensive Observation Department, Science and Technology and Climate Change Department, Planning and Finance Department, Personnel Department, Policy and Regulation Department, International Cooperation Department, directly under the authority Party Committee, Supervision Office, Audit Bureau and Office of Retired Cadres.

The main duties of China Meteorological Bureau are:

(a) to formulate the principles and policies, laws and regulations, development strategy and medium-and long-term planning of meteorological work; Formulate and promulgate rules and regulations, technical standards and norms for meteorological work, and supervise their implementation; To undertake meteorological administrative law enforcement and administrative reconsideration.

(two) to organize the formulation and implementation of meteorological disaster prevention planning, participate in the government's decision-making on meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation, and organize and guide the meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation work; Organize the preparation of national meteorological disaster emergency plan and meteorological disaster prevention emergency management; Organize the construction of meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning and information release system, and be responsible for meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning and information release; To undertake the early warning information release of major national emergencies; Responsible for meteorological support for major events and public emergencies; Organize meteorological defense and major meteorological support for major disastrous weather across regions and departments; Organizing meteorological disaster risk investigation, risk zoning and risk assessment; Organize meteorological services for national key projects, major regional economic development projects and urban and rural construction; Manage weather modification work.

(3) Implement industry management of meteorological institutions established by other departments in the State Council, make unified plans for the development and layout of national land, rivers, lakes and marine meteorological observation, meteorological stations and networks, meteorological infrastructure and large-scale meteorological technical equipment, revise the quality assessment methods for meteorological information collection, transmission and processing, and supervise the implementation; Organize meteorological technical equipment support and quality supervision, meteorological metrology supervision, and review the establishment and scheme of large and medium-sized meteorological projects nationwide.

(4) To manage and issue nationwide meteorological information forecast and early warning of land, rivers, lakes and oceans, short-term climate forecast, space weather disaster monitoring and early warning, urban environmental meteorological forecast, fire danger meteorological grade forecast and climate impact assessment; Organize demonstration and review of atmospheric environmental impact assessment.

(5) Organizing scientific work related to climate change; Organize comprehensive investigation and zoning of climate resources to guide the development, utilization and protection of climate resources; Organize and review the demonstration of meteorological conditions for national key construction projects, major regional economic development projects and urban and rural construction planning.

(six) to organize and guide the reform of the scientific and technological system of meteorological departments, organize major scientific research and popularization and application of achievements in the meteorological field, and coordinate the development, technical cooperation and popularization of meteorological science and technology; Organize publicity and popularization of meteorological scientific knowledge, and raise the awareness of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation and climate resources of the whole people.

(seven) the management of meteorological foreign affairs, on behalf of the China Municipal Government to participate in the activities of the World Meteorological Organization and other international meteorological agencies, to carry out cooperation and exchanges with foreign governments (regions) meteorological agencies.

(eight) unified leadership of the national meteorological department; China Meteorological Bureau mainly manages the planning and finance, organization establishment, personnel and labor, team building, education and training and business construction of provincial meteorological departments; Guide the development of local meteorological undertakings.

(nine) to assist the local people's government to guide the ideological and political work and spiritual civilization construction of local meteorologists.

(ten) to undertake other tasks assigned by the State Council.

Main institutions directly under China Meteorological Bureau: National Meteorological Center (Central Meteorological Observatory), National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center), National Climate Center, National Meteorological Information Center, Meteorological Detection Center of China Meteorological Bureau, Meteorological Service Center of China Meteorological Bureau, China Meteorological Research Institute, Management Bureau, China Meteorological Bureau Training Center, China Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological News Agency, Meteorological Publishing House and Secretariat of China Meteorological Society.

The national meteorological departments (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) have 3 14 meteorological bureaus in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, 4 meteorological bureaus in sub-provincial cities (including 4 meteorological bureaus in cities with separate plans and 0 meteorological bureaus in provincial capital cities), 3 18 meteorological bureaus in prefectures and counties.

There are 52,988 full-time meteorological departments in China, including 6 academicians of the two academies, 26 doctoral supervisors and 44 15 senior technical titles.