What forest fire incidents occurred in China? 800 words

Case 1:

Longdou Village, Shuibei Town, Shaowu City

"2?14" Fire Case

1. Case Summary

On February 14, 2004, a major accident occurred in the Dalu Mountain Farm of Xiachang Group, Longdou Village, Shuibei Town, Shaowu City, due to a forest fire caused by farmers burning weeds in the vegetable field, resulting in the death of 8 people. The affected forest area was 27.5 hectares, the fire burned for 19 hours, and the direct cost of putting out the fire was 26,000 yuan.

II. Introduction to the fire situation

At 11:40 on February 14, 2004, Peng Yikang, a villager from the Xiachang Group of Longdou Village, set off without permission to prevent voles from damaging the snowflake bean seedlings. He lit the reeds beside the vegetable field and left the bean field to go home for dinner without taking any precautionary measures. As a result, the fire crossed the road and railway and started a forest fire. At about 12 noon, villager Dai Xueying discovered a fire on the mountain and immediately reported it to Feng Kaiyun, secretary of the village party branch. Feng Kaiyun immediately organized villagers to rush to the fire scene to put out the fire.

(1) Overview of the fire site

The mountain shape of the fire site, Linban 76 (burned from Linban 77), is surrounded by mountains on three sides and has a small grass pond ditch. The bottom of the valley is 10 meters wide. The bottom of the ditch is only 2-3 meters wide. It is a southeast slope with a length of 100 meters. The casualty accident occurred at the lower part of the hillside, only 20 meters away from the bottom of the slope. The mountain is steep, with an average slope of 35o, at the bend of the Futun River. Directly facing the hillside, it is in the windward direction. The mountain farm is a mixed artificial forestland of fir and masson pine created in 2000. It has not been cultivated for 3 years. There are 3-meter-high five-jointed awns, 2-meter-high awns and some small shrubs of successor trees growing in the forest. Grass coverage reaches 95%. It is precisely because of the characteristics of steep slopes, narrow ditches, and relatively concentrated flammable materials that the environmental conditions are prone to high-intensity forest fires.

The weather on that day was northwest wind, wind strength 1-2, temperature -0.6℃-23.1℃, humidity 20%, no rainfall, and fire danger level 5.

(2) Fire development process and analysis

At around 12:20 on the 14th, after receiving a call from Feng Kaiyun, secretary of the Longdou Village Party branch, ranger He Guoliang immediately called his three Sixteen people, including two brothers and villager Lin Quanshui, got on villager You Jianjun's small four-wheel agricultural vehicle and rushed to the side of the burning mountain to prepare to open a fire path to prevent the spread of the fire. At about 12:40, the fire area in Xushan Field reached 100 acres. 12 villagers went directly to the fire point and arrived at the source of drinking water in the Xiachang Group. They split into two roads. 10 people on the first road were only about 20 meters away from the fire source by the water source. A road was opened up on the small ridge due north, and four people on the other side were on the right side of the fire source and opened a road northeast along the drinking ditch. After driving for 2-3 minutes, we found that the northwest valley wind was blowing from the fire site, accompanied by a cyclone of magnitude 3-4. The fire was fierce and the visibility was low. He Guoliang told everyone to retreat quickly. He Guosheng and other four people ran to the ecological public welfare forest in the northeast direction on the right side of the hillside and escaped safely. He Guoliang and other 10 people first ran to the northeast of the hillside, then turned back and ran northwest to the top of the mountain. Not far away, they were blocked by a fire burning from the top of the mountain. Because of the steep mountain, difficult mountain road, strong fire, and at that time, The temperature at the fire site reached 21°C, and the wind speed reached 2-3 meters/second. The river wind and valley wind convection formed a whirlwind. Thick smoke and dust were everywhere on the hillside, and the visibility was extremely low. The 10 fire fighters lost their way and were surrounded. In the sea of ??fire. Two brothers, He Guoliang and He Guoshui, ran last. They slipped and rolled down the mountain and lay down in a small ditch only about 8 meters away from the accident scene. They had a lucky escape. The remaining eight people were in panic and could not tell their direction. They were choked by the thick smoke in the fire, suffocated and burned to death by the high temperature. The entire burning process only takes 20 minutes. This was an example of a rapid, high-intensity uphill surface fire that resulted in casualties.

3. Case Analysis

(1) Cause Analysis

Judging from the occurrence of this fire, the fire started in the vegetable patch on the river beach beside the old 316 National Highway , the 316 National Highway is followed by farmland, railways, and mountains and forests. The weeds on the roadside and in the field ridges are tall and dense, and are extremely easy to burn. It took about an hour from the time the perpetrator lit the weeds and spread to the mountainous area. The fire started not far from the village and had a wide view. It should have been discovered in time. However, no one called the police until the forest fire crossed the road and the railway burned up the mountain. It explains that in some places, there are blind spots in publicity to the people in forest areas, and wild fire source management responsibilities are not implemented, especially the period after 11:00 am or 4:00 pm before farmers finish work, which is the peak period for agricultural fire use. Forest rangers The person responsible for management and protection was not in place, and there was a vacuum in management, which led to a catastrophic disaster.

Judging from the deaths of firefighters, after arriving at the fire scene, the villagers rushed into the forest to open a fire isolation zone without carefully observing the fire intensity, fire scene weather, vegetation, etc., and chose an unreasonable route to enter the fire scene. The location of the isolation belt is incorrect, the fire-fighting tools are simple, the fire-fighting personnel have no safety protection equipment and have poor ability to avoid danger and escape and save themselves. When encountering danger, they panic and escape blindly, leading to tragedy.

(2) Several lessons to be learned

Although the accident was caused by objective factors such as steep mountain topography, complex forest vegetation and high-intensity mountain fires, it was also related to the village The low quality of senior commanders is closely related, and the lessons are profound:

1. We must strengthen publicity and education on firefighting safety and strengthen fire source management. Forest fire prevention and prevention must start with publicity and education. The safe use of fire in the wild must be widely known in order to eliminate fire hazards.

2. Training for forest fire fighting commanders and fire fighting team members should be strengthened. Conduct systematic training on fire prevention expertise and safe fire fighting knowledge for fire fighting commanders, fire fighting team captains and forest fire prevention cadres at all levels at the grassroots level to improve their professional quality and command level. It is necessary to strengthen the safety knowledge education of grassroots fire fighters and the training of escape and self-rescue ability in distress to ensure the safety of firefighters.

3. It is necessary to strengthen the organization and command of fire fighting. In the initial stage of a fire, when the fire intensity is not large and the terrain conditions are relatively favorable, people with experience in fire fighting can be spontaneously organized to put out the fire. However, when the fire is large, the fire line is long, the terrain is difficult, and the weather conditions are severe, the county, township (town) must organize professional and semi-professional teams to put out the fire in strict accordance with the requirements of the plan.

4. Firefighters should be equipped with corresponding safety protection supplies, such as fire hoods, wet towels, kettles, matches, etc. Once in danger, you can save yourself and escape.

Case 2:

The "2.28" forest fire case in Shangyong Town, Dehua County

1. Case summary

2004 2 On March 28, at Huluban Mountain Field in Xiayong Village, Shangyong Town, Dehua County, Fujian Province, a pin insulator detached from a high-voltage pole crossbar, causing an impact and triggering a forest fire, killing four people.

2. Fire situation

At around 11:30 on February 28, 2004, Chen Qingsheng and other five people working in Xiayong Village, Shangyong Town, discovered a fire in the forest opposite. Due to the high mountains and dense forests, overgrown weeds, winter frosts and dead vegetation, and a long drought without rain, the fire spread rapidly in all directions due to the wind. After receiving the report, the town government immediately organized town cadres and the town emergency team to carry out firefighting and reported to the county forest fire prevention headquarters. The leaders of the five teams in the county also rushed to the scene of the fire and organized more than 1,000 people to participate in the firefighting.

(1) Overview of the fire ground

The terrain of the fire ground: It is located in Zhongshan, with an altitude of 750-991 meters. It is in the shape of a chicken claw surrounded by mountains on three sides. The mountains are steep and undulating. , valleys and mountains are obvious.

The slope direction of the fire location: west, 865 meters above sea level, slope position: middle, slope length 100 meters, slope 40°. Mountain range direction: from east to west. After the fire broke out, the fire spread mainly from the east and west directions.

Personal casualties: The terrain is gourd-shaped, with an altitude of 750--962 meters. The mountains are steep and the slope is 30--45°. There are 5 mountains in the gourd inserted from high to the bottom of the gourd (forming the first Second narrow place). The forest stands are lush, with overgrown weeds under the forest canopy and in the forest glades, with a height of 1-2 meters and a coverage of more than 90%. The fire spread inward from the left side of the valley mouth (south) to the second narrowest point, and a strong wind blew from south to north. The penetration caused multiple fire heads to spread.

The weather was sunny on the 28th, with a daily maximum temperature of 23.5 degrees and a minimum temperature of 9 degrees. The wind direction was mostly southerly, with an average wind force of level 2-3, and a relative humidity of 76 %, forest fire danger level 4. According to the Xiangjiuxianshan Meteorological Observatory, during noon, the wind force reached level 6-7 in the upwelling area.

(2) Analysis of the development process of the fire

At around 12:00 noon on the 28th, after the cadres and militiamen of Shangyong Town who rushed to put out the fire on the mountain arrived at the fire scene, the Deputy Chairman of the Party Committee of Shangyong Town Secretary Lin Jianquan and deputy mayor Sun Yizhong led a group of fire fighters to Huluban Mountain Field to open a fire isolation zone. Huluban Mountain Field is named after its shape like a gourd-shaped valley. The altitude is about 860 meters, and the vegetation in the forest is mostly reeds and five-jointed awns, with a coverage of 90%. At that time, the microclimate in the mountain valley formed a spiral wind with a wind speed of 45 kilometers per hour, and the forest fire spread northward. The route of the firefighters also moved from north to northwest and then north. The north and south hills are more than 300 meters apart. Calculated at normal speed, it would take at least half an hour for the fire to spread. However, the wind was too strong that day and the wind direction suddenly changed from northerly to southeasterly. As a result, the east side of the foot of Huluban Mountain was very hot and the fire was very strong. After crossing the first fire isolation zone, it spread to the northwest, and the fire from the south also burned to the northwest. The flames blew from one hilltop to another, and the team was immediately surrounded by fire. Five fire fighters, led by Comrade Zeng Shangxun, Chairman of the National People's Congress of Guobao Township, quickly ran to a cemetery. Deputy Mayor Sun Yizhong also bent down and climbed out of the fire. Comrade Lin Jianquan and three women (Guo Qingming, Li Su, and Guo Chunmei) who opened the isolation zone were engulfed in the fire before they could run very far because the fire was too fierce and too fast, and they were martyred on the spot.

After nearly 20 hours of hard work by fire fighters, the fire was finally put out. The fire killed four firefighters and affected 151 hectares of forest area.

2. Case Analysis

(1) Cause Analysis

This is a typical forest fire caused by power supply lines. The forestry department is investigating the forest fire. The power supply department is often ignored when it comes to hidden dangers. In future work, we must strengthen contact and communication with the power supply department to promptly eliminate hidden dangers of forest fires caused by power supply lines and ensure the safety of forest resources.

Analysis of the cause of death of the firefighters: The location of the isolation zone at the foot of the hill was not ideal. At that time, the microclimate of the mountain valley formed a spiral wind with a wind speed of 45 kilometers per hour. The meteorological conditions were relatively severe. The isolation zone was opened at the foot of the hill. The distance from the location to the fire line is relatively short, leaving relatively little time to set up a fire break. When the load of small combustibles is large, the terrain is complex, and the wind direction and wind are changeable, the fire intensity changes rapidly, and casualties are easily caused.

(2) Several lessons to be learned

1. It is necessary to strengthen the training of fire-fighting personnel on safety knowledge and self-rescue methods so that they can remain calm and adaptable after being in danger. , take appropriate measures to save yourself.

2. It is very dangerous to open a fire isolation zone in front of the fire. Professional fire-fighting team members should be organized to set up it. It is prohibited to organize the elderly, weak, women, children and people with poor physical fitness to participate.

3. When fire fighters go to the designated location in front of the fire to open a fire isolation zone, they must first set up a fire safety zone and clear the evacuation route, and assign a dedicated person to monitor changes in the surrounding fire conditions during the operation. Once a dangerous situation is discovered , fire fighting personnel should be directed to evacuate to a safe area immediately.

4. When fighting forest fires in mountainous areas, the main method is to put out the fire directly along the fire line. Set up an isolation zone in front of the spread of the fire. Cut down taller trees and fall them in the opposite direction of the burning. This can overwhelm the thatch. When the fire burns, the fire will be relatively weakened, which is conducive to fighting and the safety of fire fighting personnel.

The "2.28" forest fire case in Shangyong Town, Dehua County

The "2.28" forest fire case in Shangyong Town, Dehua County

Case 3: < /p>

Zhenghe County State-owned Forest Farm “3.9” Forest Fire Case

1. Case Summary

On March 9, 2004, Fujian Zhenghe State-owned Forest Farm (affiliated to Nanping City Forestry Bureau) In the Iriomote Shimo Village work area, a forest fire was caused by villagers burning ant nests. Four firefighters died (3 forestry workers and 1 farmer). The fire area was 1,283 acres and the damaged area was 1,283 acres.

II. Introduction to the Fire Situation

On March 9, 2004, Chen Changmei, a villager from Xibiao Village, Dongping Town, Zhenghe County, went to work in the tea mountain at the "Chashuping" mountain farm in Xibiaoxia Village Work Area. At 15 p.m. At around 18:00, after Chen Changmei finished her farm work, she moved the ant nest to the straw shed and lit it with a match. After burning for about 4 to 5 minutes, she covered it with soil. Since the fire was not completely extinguished and it was a wind outlet, 18 Forest fires may rekindle. At 19:20 that night, Lian Zhenhai, a ranger in the Iriomote Lower Village working area, reported to the forest farm. The forest farm director Liu Yonggui immediately organized 31 people from the forest farm's professional fire-fighting team to rush to the scene and enter the fire scene in three groups to put out the fire. The county forest fire prevention headquarters quickly mobilized 260 fire fighters to rush to the fire scene to put out the fire.

(1) Overview of the fire site

The terrain conditions of the fire mountain site are relatively complex, with deep ravines, many small ravines, and a large height difference in the mountain, with an altitude ranging from 620 meters to 940 meters. . The overall slope faces west, with a slope of 25-30 degrees. The first burning place is located on the lower slope of a small ridge, next to a ravine, with good ventilation and easy air circulation, and is a wind outlet.

The forest fire site is mainly a timber forest, and the tree species are masson pine and fir. The masson pine is 14 years old, and the fir is 19 years old. The average tree density is about 110 trees/acre, and the canopy density is 0.77. Part of the mountain farm is an economic forest, and the main tree species are Triton and tea. The area around the initial fire was ravines and barren fields. The vegetation is mainly white grass, Imperata cogongrass, and small shrubs. The vegetation is dense and easy to burn. The fire lines spread quickly and there are flying fires.

The meteorological conditions on March 9 are: the average temperature is 12.6 degrees, the highest temperature that day is 23.0 degrees, the daily minimum relative humidity is 24%, the average wind force is about level 4, the wind direction is easterly at night, and the wind direction during the day It's a westerly wind. The forest fire danger level is level 5. The Iriomote work area had been frosty for two consecutive days and the wind was strong at night.

(2) Fire development process and analysis

After receiving the fire report, Liu Yonggui, director of the forest farm, immediately organized 31 people from the forest farm’s professional fire-fighting team to enter the fire in three groups to put out the fire. . The first route led 11 people by field director Liu Yonggui, the second route led 11 people by deputy director Huang Shengjun, and the third route led 9 people by Lin Guande, director of the Xiacun Work Area, to the fire scene at 20:30. According to the fire situation, Lin Guande and others decided to quickly pass through the truck road and rush to the top to open a fire prevention road to prevent the spread of the forest fire. When Lin Guande and other nine people walked to the vicinity of Lishuping, the accident site, they were in the wind outlet, the wind increased, and the wind direction suddenly changed. In addition, the vegetation below the accident site was mainly composed of five-jointed miscanthus and Imperata cogongrass. It was very dense and easy to combustion. In an instant, the fire quickly spread to the carriage road. Lin Guande and other four people were unable to retreat in time and were surrounded by fire. Although they lay down on the spot, they were unfortunately killed due to the excessive fire (three people were lying prone and one person was lying on his back on the cart road when they were killed). The remaining five people survived because they were separated from the four people by a certain distance.

Based on the comprehensive analysis of the burning conditions of trees at the fire site, the degree of burning of surface residues and other aspects, the trend of the forest fire is: spreading outward in three directions from the fire point, and burning downward along the edge of the tea tree flat on the small ridge. To the small road, the afforestation mountain, the weeds were completely burned, and the upper sides of the trunks of the standing trees were burnt black; the second road burned along the tea tree edge of the small ridge upwards to Cuili Mountain, the lower sides of the trunks of the standing trees were burned black, and then burned upwards to the fir forest and along the Cuili forest. The burning detours back to Chashan; the third road burns along the east ditch to the wasteland, and in the wasteland it spreads to the fir forest above the plow trees. The fire burned all the way to the wasteland on the opposite side and then divided into two streams. One stream burned back down along the other side of the ditch, and the other burned the fir forest at the narrowest point of the carriage road, spreading irregularly in an umbrella shape (the fire caused firefighting personnel to casualties).

This forest fire killed 4 people (including 3 forestry workers and 1 farmer).

The burned area is 1,283 acres, including 1,165 acres of timber forest, 59 acres of triton forest, and 59 acres of young forest.

3. Case analysis

(1) Cause analysis

Analysis of the cause of death of firefighters: Fighting forest fires at night is highly dangerous. , without carefully observing the topography, grasping the meteorological conditions of the fire scene, and not being able to clearly see the vegetation conditions around the boardwalk, I thought I was familiar with the mountainous area, and blindly and confidently led the fire fighters from along the boardwalk to the opening above. Fire breaks. At night, the commander cannot accurately judge the distance between the walking route and the fire line, cannot accurately judge the burning speed of forest fires, the vegetation in the deserted fields at the bottom of the valley is dry and dense, the changes in wind force may lead to sharp changes in the burning speed, and the commanders do not handle it properly when in danger (lying down on the ground). The tragedy occurred on a boardwalk less than 2 meters wide and the place of death was only about 10 meters away from the tea garden).

(2) Experience and lessons

1. After the fire fighting team arrives at the fire scene, the commander must understand the scope of the fire scene, the direction and speed of the fire spread, the wind speed and direction of the fire scene, and avoid dangers area, choose a safe route and enter the designated location to open an isolation zone. When you are not familiar with the mountain site and are unsure about the route you have chosen, you must not blindly direct the firefighting team to enter the fire site and open an isolation zone.

2. Forest fire fighting commander training should be strengthened. Conduct systematic training on fire prevention expertise and safe fire fighting knowledge for fire fighting commanders, fire fighting team captains and forest fire prevention cadres at all levels at the grassroots level to improve their professional quality and command level.

3. It is necessary to strengthen the training of fire-fighting personnel on safety knowledge and self-rescue methods in distress. When in danger, they must be calm, adapt to changes, and take corresponding measures to self-rescue.

4. Improve the equipment of the fire-fighting team. Professional fire-fighting team members should be equipped with helmets, protective clothing, life-saving masks, kettles, matches, etc. to improve the fire-fighting team's own protection level and self-rescue ability.

Case 4:

Shibi Village, Ansha Town, Yongan City

“12-21” forest fire case

1. Case Abstract

On December 21, 2005, a forest fire started in Lailing Mountain Farm, Shibi Village, Ansha Town, Yong'an City, when villager Zhu Yunyu burned ridge grass and ran away, causing two deaths and one injury. After nearly 19 hours of hard work, the fire was finally extinguished. The fire burned area was 51.7 hectares, and the forest area affected was 26 hectares. The direct fire-fighting expenses were 23,000 yuan.

2. Fire situation

At 14:30 on the 21st, Zhu Yunyu, a villager in Jianghou Village, Ansha Town, caused a forest fire when he burned ridge grass on the farmland at the foot of the mountain. After receiving the report, the town government immediately launched the "Ansha Town Forest Fire Prevention and Rescue Plan", organized town cadres and emergency teams to rush to the fire scene to fight the fire, and reported to the Municipal Forest Fire Prevention Headquarters Office.

Overview of a fire scene:

Fire scene topography: The fire scene is located in the middle of Zhongshan Mountains, with an altitude of 260-500 meters. It is an irregular rectangle, with some steep mountains and large undulations.

Slope direction of the fire: The fire started on the north slope, with an altitude of 250-260 meters. The slope was in the lower part, with a slope length of 100 meters and a slope of 31 degrees. The direction of the mountains is from west to east. After the fire breaks out, the fire mainly spreads from north to east.

Personal casualty site: Located in the mountain field behind Laifang Natural Village, Shibicun Village, the forest is divided into pure fir forests with many reeds under the forest. It is located near the ridge, with an altitude of 430-460 meters. The slope faces the northeast with a slope of 40 The degree is on the side of the newly opened fire. It is about 1,000 meters away from the fire point and over five ridges.

Meteorological conditions: The weather was sunny on the 21st, with a daily maximum temperature of 8 degrees and a minimum temperature of 4 degrees. The wind direction was southerly, with an average wind force of level 8-9. The forest fire danger level was level 5, and the average wind speed was 6.6m/ s, the maximum instantaneous speed is 12.7m/s.

Second fire development process and analysis

At 14:45 p.m., Chen Yongfeng, the leader in charge of Ansha Town, received the report from Chen Qishan, director of the Ansha Forest Police Station, and immediately called the Ansha Town hotline department. The director of Shuicun Village rushed to the scene in his car to inspect the fire, and at the same time reported to the town party committee secretary Li Shengzhu on his mobile phone. Li Shengzhu, Deng Qingrun and others immediately organized people to rush to the fire scene by car, and studied the fire-fighting plan with Mr. Chen Yongfeng who arrived first. They decided to divide their troops into two groups, all the way to the northern line, led by Liu Ligen, Chairman of the National People's Congress, and Luo Mingyong, Director of the Forestry Station. The team surrounded and extinguished the fire from behind; the other way to the south line, led by the mayor Deng Qingrun and the leader in charge Chen Yongfeng, opened a fire prevention road in the ravine far away from the fire. At around 15:30, due to strong winds and fast fire speed, the fire fighting team on the southern front retreated to a ravine three ridges away from the fire line to open a fire road. When it reached the ridge, the fire quickly spread southward to 100 meters away from the fire road. Suddenly, a ball of flying fire flew halfway up the mountain to near the ridge. The mayor Deng Qingrun divided the 29 people around him into two groups. One group of 18 people was led by Mayor Deng to the top of the mountain to fight flying fire; the other group of 11 people was led by Ni Huotian and Chen Yongfeng and lined up along the hillside from top to bottom ( Ni and Chen (center) continue to open fire roads. At around 16:30, a ball of flying fire fell on the 11 team members who had set up a fire road and spread quickly. Four people below the fire evacuated down the mountain along the fire road, and seven people above the fire evacuated along the fire road. One of them were burned and two people disappeared. At about 17:30, firefighting team members discovered that Ni Huotian and Chen Yongfeng were dead.

3. Case Analysis

Causes of a forest fire accident

Causes of casualties: The location of the fire break zone chosen for the first time was unreasonable. It was close to the fire line. After the opening failed, these personnel were again organized to retreat to another place to open. The terrain of this place was more complex and the slope was steeper. In addition, the wind was strong and the wind direction was uncertain at the time, resulting in flying fire, fast fire speed, and fierce fire. The team members The physical exertion was high, the construction progress was slow, no fire safety zone was opened during the construction, no designated person was designated to observe the fire, and the approaching forest fire was not discovered in time. It was not until the flying fire fell on the construction isolation belt that the personnel were organized to evacuate, causing Two firefighters who were unable to retreat were burned to death and one was burned.

Second lessons that need to be learned

1. It is necessary to strengthen the training of fire fighters on safety knowledge and self-rescue methods so that they will not panic when encountering danger and can Stay calm and adapt to the situation and take appropriate measures to save yourself.

2. When setting up a fire isolation zone in front of the fire head, first make sure that the location of the fire isolation zone is reasonable. Secondly, estimate the workload of setting up fire breaks based on the fire situation, determine the number of team members involved in the establishment, and give sufficient time to complete the establishment of fire breaks to avoid giving up halfway. Third, after arriving at the designated location, a fire escape safety zone should be opened first, and at the same time, each team member should be informed of the clear retreat route when encountering danger. Fourth, a dedicated person should be assigned to monitor changes in surrounding fire conditions during operations. Once danger occurs, personnel should be directed to evacuate to a safe area along the designated route immediately.