Extracurricular reading and translation of short classical Chinese texts

1. Short classical Chinese essays and translations for the first grade of junior high school, urgent

Original text of "Chutan Collection" by Bingyuan Crying School. Bingyuan Shaogu, when he was several years old, passed by the bookstore and wept.

The master asked: "Why are you crying, boy?" The original saying is: "The lonely are easily hurt, and the poor are susceptible. Those who write books are relatives of all scholars.

1 I hope he will not be alone, and I am envious of his learning, so he is sad and weeps. "The teacher said with pity: "I have no money."

The teacher said. He said: "As long as the boy is ambitious, I will teach him without asking for help." So he wrote the book.

During the winter, recite "The Classic of Filial Piety" and "The Analects of Confucius". Translation: Bing Yuan lost his father when he was young. When he was a few years old, he passed by the book school and couldn't help crying (hearing the sound of books). The teacher of the book school asked him: "Why are children crying?" Bing Yuan replied: "Orphans are prone to sadness, and poor people are prone to sentimentality.

Those who study, those who can learn, must be children with parents. I envy them that they are not alone, Secondly, I envy them for being able to go to school.

I felt sad and cried because of this. The teacher pitied Yu and said, "You can come if you want to study!" "Bing Yuan entered the school and studied extremely hard.

In one winter, he mastered "The Classic of Filial Piety" and "The Analects of Confucius". 2. I am looking for more than five short extracurricular classical Chinese articles, including the original text, translation and center Thoughts

(1) Wen Zhengming's calligraphy of "Shulin Chronicles" The original text of "The Thousand-Character Essay" was written by Wen Zhengming at the beginning. He wrote ten copies of it every day, and his writing progressed greatly

Throughout his life. When it comes to writing, he never cares about it, or responds to people's simple notes. He never gets tired of changing them over and over again, so the older he gets, the more refined he becomes. Wen Zhengming, the translator, wrote "Wen Wen", and he wrote ten books a day as a standard, and his calligraphy became perfect. He made rapid progress.

He was never careless about writing. Sometimes when he answered a letter, he would rewrite it several times, so he was not afraid of trouble. His calligraphy became more refined and beautiful as he grew older. Qing Fu stops, farewell walking in the suburbs, Fujie's sad song, the sound shakes the trees, and the sound stops the moving clouds. He didn't finish learning Qin Qing's skills, so he said goodbye and went home. Qin Qing bid farewell to him on the road outside the city, and Qin Qing beat the rhythm and sang a sad song.

The singing shook the trees, and the sound stopped the moving clouds. Xue Tan then apologized to Qin Qing and asked to come back to continue studying.

From then on, he never dared to say that he wanted to go home again. ) Fan Zhongyan is ambitious in the world. Original text: Fan Zhongyan was orphaned at the age of two, and his family was poor and helpless.

He rarely had great ambitions. He always took the world as his own responsibility, studied hard, or was lazy at night, and often drank water to make food. If he doesn't give it, he will eat porridge and read it. ‖As an official, he always discussed world affairs generously without caring about his own life.

He was even slandered and demoted, and was relegated to Dengzhou to participate in political affairs. ‖Zhong Yan worked hard and worked hard. He does not pay much attention to meat, and his wife only has enough food and clothing.

He often recites to himself: "A scholar should worry about the world's worries first, and then rejoice in the world's happiness." " Translation: Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was two years old, and his family was poor and helpless.

He had lofty ambitions when he was young. He often washed his face with cold water. He often couldn't even eat, so he ate porridge and continued to study. .

After becoming an official, he often talked about world affairs and worked hard, so much so that he was demoted from the post and was demoted from being a political advisor to being the governor of Dengzhou.

Fan Zhongyan worked hard to train himself. He does not eat much meat, and only provides food and clothing for his wife and children. He often recites two sentences from his works: "A scholar should worry before the world is worried, and be happy after the world is happy." ”

Original text When Sima Wen Gong was young, he was not as good at asking questions as others. He lived in groups and taught. After the brothers had finished reciting, they rested. When he was alone, he could recite twice as much as he could. The one who exerted more effort The success is far away, and what he recited carefully will be remembered throughout his life.

Wen Gong once said: "You can't fail to recite the book, either on horseback or when you are up at night, chant its words and think about it. The gains from righteousness are abundant. "Translation: When Sima Guang was young, he was worried that his ability to memorize poems and books in preparation for responses was not as good as others.

Everyone studied and discussed together. The other brothers had already learned how to recite and went to play and rest; (Sima Guang, however, ) Study hard alone, as attentively and as hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius did when they were studying, until they can recite skillfully. (Because) the more effort you have to study now, the more harvest you will have. The books he has read and recited intensively will be remembered for the rest of his life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without memorizing. When you are riding a horse or walking, or when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, you can recite the article you have read and think about its meaning, and you will gain a lot!" " (5) Ouyang Xiu studied "Ouyang Gong's Deeds" hard. The original text was that Ouyang Gong was orphaned at the age of four, and his family was poor and had no resources.

The lady painted the ground with grass and taught calligraphy. She recited many ancient passages. < /p>

When I was a little older, I had no books to read at home, so I borrowed them from other people in Luli and copied them, so I forgot to sleep and eat all day and night.

I wrote them since I was a child. When writing poems and writing, I feel like an adult.

Translation: Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father passed away when he was four years old. His family was poor and had no money for him to study.

The wife used reed stalks to draw pictures on the sand and taught him to write. He also taught him to recite many passages from ancient times.

When he got older and there were no books to read at home, he would go to nearby scholars' homes to borrow books and read them, and sometimes copy them. In this way, I worked day and night, forgetting to eat and sleep, just studying.

From the time I wrote poems and poems in small letters, I have an adult level of writing, which is so high. (6) Wang Mian's night reading of "Collected Works of Scholars of the Song Dynasty" at Monk Temple. Original text Wang Mian was a native of Zhuji.

When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered him to herd cattle on the mountain, sneak into the school, and listen to the students reciting books. After listening, he memorized them silently. When he returned home in the evening, he forgot his cow, and his father was angry and bitten him.

It’s as good as before. The mother said, "You are so crazy, why won't you listen to what you do?" Mian Yin left and lived in a monk's temple.

At night, I went out to sit on the Buddha's lap and read it under the light of a long bright lamp. There are many earthen idols in the Buddha statues, they are ferocious and terrifying, and they are as calm as if they don't know how to look at them.

Translation Wang Mian is from Zhuji County. When he was seven or eight years old, his father asked him to herd cattle on the field. He secretly ran into the school to listen to the students reading.

After listening, I always remember it silently. When he returned home in the evening, he forgot all about the cattle grazing.

Wang Mian's father was furious and beat Wang Mian. Afterwards, he was still like this.

His mother said: "This child is so obsessed with studying, why not let him go?" Wang Mian therefore left home and stayed in a temple. As soon as night came, he would quietly come out and sit on the lap of the Buddha statue. He held a book in his hand and read under the light of the lantern in front of the Buddha statue. The sound of the book continued until dawn.

Most of the Buddha statues are made of clay, and each one has a ferocious and terrifying face. Although Wang Mian was a child, his expression was calm, as if he had not seen anything.

7) Zhang Wuga diligently studied "Helin Jade Dew" Original text Zhang Wuga was relegated to Hengpu and lived in Baojie Temple in the west of the city. His dormitory has a short window, and he holds a book under the window every day and reads in full view.

Fourteen years like this. Returning from the north, the traces of the double folds on the stone under the window are still visible.

Translation Zhang Jiucheng was demoted to Hengpu and lived in Jiesi Temple in the west of the city. The room he lived in had a short window. Every day at dawn, he would always stand under the window with a book and read in the faint morning light.

This has been going on for fourteen years. When he returned to the north, the traces of his feet were still faintly visible on the stone under the window.

8) The original text of Shi Kuang's Theory of Learning. Jin Ping Gong asked Yu Shi Kuang: "I am seventy years old and want to learn, but I am afraid it is already twilight." Shi Kuang said: "Why don't you burn candles?" Ping Gong said : "Is it possible for a minister to play tricks on his king?" Shi Kuang said: "How dare a blind minister play tricks on his king?" 3. Looking for translations and titles of 50 short junior middle school "extracurricular" classical Chinese essays

Short Classical Chinese Essays and Translations 1. Fu Mazhan is the most difficult thing. Huan Gong looked at the stable ① and asked the stable official: "What is the most difficult thing about the stable?" "The stable official didn't answer, Guan Zhong said to him: "Yiwu is a man of Yu, so it is the most difficult to paint the horse stable: first paint the curved wood, and then ask for the curved wood; after the curved wood has been painted, there is nothing to apply to the straight wood.

First apply the straight wood, then straighten the wood; after the straight wood has been applied, there is nothing left to do with the crooked wood. " ("Guanzi Xiaowen Pian") Notes: ① Stable: stable.

② Yiwu: Guan Zhong's cousin. ③ Yuren: person who raises horses.

2 The dead bird in Zhu Zou, Duke Jing, liked to fly, so he killed the bird in Zhu Zou. The Duke was angry and summoned his officials to kill him. Yanzi said, "Zhu Zou has three crimes. Please count them and kill them for their crimes."

"The public said: "Yes. "So he called the Duke before him and said, "Zhu Zou, if you kill a bird for my lord, it is the first crime; if you cause my lord to kill someone because of a bird, it is the second crime; if the princes hear about it, they will do it to me. It is the third sin of a king to value a bird more than a soldier.

The crime of counting candles and Zou has been completed. Please kill him. "The king said: "Don't kill, I have heard my order.

" ("Yan Zi Chun Qiu") 3. Dong Yeji defeated his horse. Dong Yeji saw Zhuang Gong with his emperor. He advanced and retreated in the middle of the rope, and turned left and right in the middle. Zhuang Gong thought that the text could not be passed, so he made it hook hundreds of times. On the contrary.

Yan He met him and said, "Ji's horse will be defeated." "It is a public secret and should not be answered.

Shao Yan, the result was defeated and turned against him. The Duke said: "How do you know this? Said: "The horse's power is exhausted, but it still wants nothing, so it is said to be defeated."

" ("Zhuangzi·Waipian·Dasheng") 4. A Jiaren from Jiyin, a Jiaren from Jiyin, crossed the river and died in his boat. He perched on a floating boat and his name was Yan. There were fishermen We went to save him by boat, but before he arrived, Jia people called out in a hurry: "I am a huge house in Jiyin. If you can save me, I will give you a hundred gold!" "The fisherman carried it to the land, and I gave him ten gold coins."

The fisherman said: "I promised you a hundred gold coins, and now I give you ten gold coins. It's all right!" Jiaren became excited and said, "If you are a fisherman, how much can you catch in one day?" But getting ten gold pieces suddenly is not enough? "The fisherman retreated sadly. One day, the Jia people floated down Luliang. The boat was thinner than stone and capsized, but the fisherman was there.

People said: "Yun saved the people? "The fisherman said:" This means that the money is promised but not paid. "Standing and looking at it, it disappeared.

5. Zihan rarely accepts jade. People from the Song Dynasty may offer jade. Zihan rarely accepts jade. Those who offer jade say that it is to show the jade. The jade is considered a treasure, so they dare to offer it. Zihan says that I am not greedy. If you use jade as a treasure, you and I will both lose the treasure, and it will not be as good as other people have their treasures. 6. Xue Tan learned to admire. Qin Qingfu stopped, leaving in the suburban thoroughfare, Fujie's sad song, the sound vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the moving clouds.

Xue Tan thanked him for his rebellion and dared not return home for the rest of his life. ("Liezi") Note: 贴, singing.

7. Yan people from Ying said that there was a person from Ying who left a letter from the Prime Minister of Yan. He wrote it at night, but the fire was not clear, so he said to the person holding the candle: "Lift the candle." The cloud passed by and wrote "Lift the candle."

Holding a candle is not the meaning of calligraphy. The Prime Minister of Yan received the book and spoke about it, saying: "Those who hold up candles are wise; those who are wise are worthy and appointed."

"The Prime Minister of Yan Bai Wang said that the country should be governed by it." The rule is the rule, not the meaning of the book.

Many contemporary scholars are like this. ("Han Feizi") 8. Overseas Chinese workers offered harps. Overseas Chinese workers found a good paulownia tree, chopped it and made it into a harp, stringed it and drummed it, and the sound of gold and jade responded.

I thought that the world was beautiful, so I offered it so often that the national workers looked at it and said, "It's not ancient." Return it.

When the overseas Chinese workers returned, they recruited lacquer workers to make broken patterns; they also recruited seal workers to make ancient seals (of the same style) ②. The box is buried in the earth, and it is brought out every year to be suitable for the market.

When a noble person passes by and sees it, he can easily change it by a hundred. It was presented to various dynasties, and the music officials passed it on and said: "It is a rare treasure in the world."

"When the overseas Chinese heard about it, they sighed: "What a sad world! Is there only one Qin? It's not like this. That's right! If you don't plan for it early, you will die!" Then he went into the mountain of Danming, not knowing where he would end up. ("Yu Ion") Notes: ①Taichang: official name, in charge of sacrifices.

Sacrifice requires the use of musical instruments. ②窾: Same as "model", style.

9. The metaphor of wanting to eat half a pancake is like a person who eats seven pancakes because he is hungry. After eating six and a half pancakes, he will be full. The man regretted it, struck himself with his hands, and said: "I am full now, so I took half a cake, but the first six cakes were donated by Tang Zi.

If you know that half a cake can be enough, you should "Eat it first." ("Hundred Yu Jing: Desire to Eat Half a Cake") 10. Wen Hou of Wei was traveling and saw passers-by carrying the cud instead of their fur.

Marquis Wen said: "Why are you rebelling against the fur and losing the cud?" He replied: "I love its hair." Marquis Wen said: "If you don't know all the inside, then the hair has nothing to rely on?" Liu To "New Preface·Miscellaneous Things 2" Note: 荍 (chú), firewood.

11. Wei Wenhou’s period hunting Wei Wenhou ① and Yu Ren ② hunted in period. It's a day for drinking and having fun, and it's raining.

When Marquis Wen was about to go out, he said to the left and right: "Today we are drinking and having fun, but it is raining again. How can we do it, sir?" Marquis Wen said: "I and the Yu people are hunting together. Although we enjoy it, why don't we wait for a while?" ? "Go and let yourself go." (Selected from "The Book of Wei Wenhou") Notes: ① Wei Wenhou: The king of Wei State during the Warring States Period. He had a good reputation among the princes and once served as Ximen Leopard as the beetle guard.

②Yu people: officials in charge of mountains and rivers 12. Qi people have good hunters. inside. But the reason why it cannot be done is that the dog is evil.

If you want to get a good dog, your family will be poor. So they plowed quickly, and plowing quickly made the family rich. If the family was rich, they would have good dogs, and if the dogs were good, they would get many beasts.

The rewards of hunting in the field are often better than those of others. Not hunting alone, Pepsi is the same.

13. A rich man in the Song Dynasty, a rich man who had a son, competed with others to buy a hundred gold jade, but he destroyed it by pretending to lose it. He lost the hundred gold, but took care of the defects of the destruction, and gained thousands more. Yan. Note: Yi is the same as "yi". In ancient times, twenty taels were equal to one yi.

14. A man who asked for a thousand-mile horse with a thousand pieces of gold. In ancient times, if a king asked for a thousand-mile horse with a thousand pieces of gold, he could not get it in three years. Juan said to you, "Ask me."

"You sent him a thousand-mile horse in March, but the horse was dead. I bought its head for five hundred gold and repaid you in return." The king was furious and said, "The one you ask for is a horse. How about a dead horse and a donation of 500 gold?" Juanren said to him, "If you buy a dead horse for 500 gold, how about giving birth to a horse? The world must regard the king as the one who can sell horses." , The horse has arrived now.

"Therefore, it is impossible to predict the arrival of a thousand-mile horse." Note: ①Junren, king of people, king of country.

②Juanren: The king’s personal attendant. 15. Xiong Quzi shoots stones. In the past, Xiong Quzi of Chu was walking at night. When he saw a stone lying on the ground, he thought he was lying on a tiger. He closed his bow and shot at it. He destroyed the arrow and drank the feather. Looking down, he knew the stone.

But he shot it again and the arrow was destroyed without leaving a trace. (Liu Xiang's "New Preface·Miscellaneous Affairs 4" 16. What's the benefit of talking too much? Zi Qin asked: "Is it beneficial to talk too much?" Mozi said: "Toads, frogs, and flies are constantly chirping day and night, and the mouth is dry and the tongue is dry, but they don't Listen.

Today, the rooster crows in the morning and night, and the world is shaking. 4. Please add translations of 27 extracurricular articles from junior high school textbooks. Thank you

Spring Night Banquet in the Peach and Plum Garden, Li Baifu, the reverse journey of all things.

Time is like a passer-by in a hundred generations. How much joy is there in the ancients holding candles at night?

Kuang Yangchun calls me with smoke and scenery, and I write a piece of paper to gather in the garden of peaches and plums, and to preface the joy of family affairs.

All the handsome people are Huilian; Singing songs, I am alone and happy. The quiet enjoyment has not ended, and the high talk has become clear.

I sit on the flowers at the Qiong feast, and I am drunk by the moon.

Without good works, how can one express his elegance? If the poem fails, the penalty will be the amount of gold, grain, and wine.

Heaven and earth are the inns of all things, and time is the passerby of all generations. Life is fleeting, like a dream. How many happy days can there be? There is indeed a reason why the ancients held candles and played at night! What's more, the clear and gentle spring attracts us with beautiful scenery, and nature provides us with a beautiful scenery.

Now we gather in the fragrant garden of peaches and plums to talk about the joys between brothers. All the brothers are very smart and have Xie Huilian's talent.

Everyone sang songs, but I felt ashamed that I could not compare with Xie Kangle. Quietly enjoying the scenery of the spring night was not enough, and the indulgent conversation turned to elegance.

Put on a luxurious banquet, sit among the flowers, pass the wine glasses frequently, and get drunk under the moonlight. Without good poetry, how can we express our elegant feelings? If anyone fails to write a poem, he will be punished with three drinks of wine according to the precedent of Jinguyuan.

Chapter 8 of "Tao Te Ching" The best is like water. Water is good for all things and does not compete with it. It is disliked by everyone, so it is close to the Tao.

To live in a good place; to have a heart that is good; to be good and benevolent; to speak well, to have good faith; to govern well, to govern; to do things well, to be able; to move, to be good at the right time. The husband does not fight, so there is no need for you.

[Translation] The kindest people are like water. Water is good at nourishing all things without competing with all things. It stays in places that no one likes, so it is closest to "Tao".

The kindest person is the best at choosing a place to live, his mind is good at keeping calm and unfathomable, he is good at being sincere, friendly and selfless in dealing with others, he is good at speaking and keeping his word, he is good at streamlined management in politics, and he can manage the country well. If you manage well, you can be good at giving full play to your strengths and be good at seizing the opportunity in your actions. What the most kind people do is precisely because of their indisputable virtue, so there is no fault and no blame.

"Snake Catcher's Theory" There are strange snakes native to Yongzhou, with black substance and white patches; they will die if they touch vegetation; they bite people, and there is no way to control them. However, if you get it and use it as bait, you can remove strong winds, contractures, fistulas, and boils, remove dead muscles, and kill three insects.

At the beginning, the imperial doctor gathered them according to the king's order, and gave them two gifts every year. If there were people who could catch them, they would be rented. The people of eternity are fighting and running around.

Those who have the Chiang clan will benefit them for three generations. When asked, he said: "My ancestor died in this way, and my father died in this way.

In the twelve years since my heir has been here, how many people have died."

I was sad and said: "If it is poisonous, I will report it to those who come to do it. It will be more like a service, or more like a gift, so what?" Wang Ran, a relative of the Jiang family, said with tears in his eyes: "Jun If Xiang Wu is not born, he will be ill for a long time.

My family has lived in this country for three generations. I am now sixty years old, and my neighbors are frowning, leaving their land, drying up their huts, shouting and turning around, exposed to wind and rain, cold and heat, shouting poisons and plagues, often borrowing from the dead. . The person who lived with my ancestors now has ten or three rooms. The person who lived with my father now has ten or three rooms. The person who lived with me for twelve years now has four or five rooms.

If you don't want to die, I will move to you.

When the fierce officials come to my hometown, they make noises in the east and west. 1. Lu You built a book nest. Original text: My room. Inside, I may be perching on a casket, lying in front of me, or sleeping on a bed, looking up at the book. > The guests don’t come, the wife doesn’t meet, and the wind, rain, thunder and hail are changing, and she doesn’t know what’s going on. When idle thoughts arise, she surrounds them with random books, like a pile of twigs, or when she can’t walk, she often laughs to herself and says: This is not what I call it. The nest is evil! It invites guests to look at it, but they can't get in. Since they are like this, they can't get out, so they laugh and say: "I believe it looks like a nest!" - Translation from "Weinan Collected Works": In my house, Some books are piled on wooden boxes, some are displayed in front, and some are placed on the bed. Looking up and down, there is nothing that is not a book.

My diet and daily life are sick***. , I feel sad, sad, angry, and sigh, and I am never not with the book. The guests do not come to visit, the wife and children do not see each other, and the wind, rain, thunder, hail and other (weather) changes are not known.

Occasionally I want to stand up, but the messy books surround me, like accumulated dead branches. Sometimes I can’t walk (to the point), so I laugh to myself and say: "I didn’t say that." Bird's nest? "So he invited the guests to come closer and take a look. The guests could not enter at first, and those who had already entered the house could not come out. So (the guest) also laughed and said: "It does look like a bird's nest. ”

The original text of Dong Yu’s talk about “San Yu”’s diligent reading: There was a person who was a scholar but refused to teach, so he said: “You must read it a hundred times first.” He said: “Read it a hundred times, and the meaning will be apparent to you. . ”

A scholar said: “Bitterness and thirst will never last.” " Yu Yan said: "It should be more than three. "

Or ask about the meaning of "three surplus". Yu said: "Winter is the remainder of the year, night is the remainder of the day, and rain is the remainder of the hour. "

-- Selected from "Three Kingdoms·Dong Yu Biography" Translation: There was a person who wanted to ask Dong Yu for advice. Dong Yu refused to teach, but said: "You must read it a hundred times before doing this. "It means: "Read it a hundred times, and its meaning will naturally appear. "

The person who asked for advice said: "I suffer from lack of time. Dong Yu said: "We should use 'Sanyu'."

"

Someone asked about the meaning of "Sanyu". Dong Yu said: "Winter is the spare time of the year (where you can study), night is the spare time during the day (where you can study), and the days when it rains Suitable for all seasons. "Zhang Pu and "Qi Lu Zhai" Original text: (Zhang) Pu was fond of learning when he was young.

What he read must be copied by hand, and the money has been read aloud. After passing it, it was burned and money was printed again. This has been done since the sixth or seventh year. . The right hand holds the tube, and the palms of the fingers become cocoons.

In the winter, the hands are chapped and the water is boiled several times. Later, the book is called "Qilu"... Pu is quick in poetry and searching in all directions. He didn't draft anything, but just waved to the guests, and he was done in a short time, so he was named Gaoyi.

- Selected from "History of the Ming Dynasty·Biography of Zhang Pu" Translation: Zhang Pu was very studious when he was young, and he read a lot of books. I have to copy it by hand, recite it, burn it, and then copy it again. The place where I hold the pen in my right hand has calluses.

The skin of his hands was frozen and cracked in winter, so he soaked his hands in hot water several times a day. Later, the room where he studied was called "Qilu"... Zhang Pu wrote poems and compositions with quick thinking, and people from all walks of life asked questions. He asked for poems, but he didn’t draft them. 5. For the extracurricular classical Chinese reading questions in the second grade of junior high school, find a shorter one with 4 punctuated explanations.

Protect yourself from shortcomings (Beiren) (Eating water chestnuts) Those who are born in the north and do not know water chestnuts, then work in the south, eat water chestnuts on the banquet, and eat water chestnuts with the shells in their mouths. Some people say: "Eating water chestnuts requires removing the shells." This person protects his own shortcomings, saying: "I don't know, and I eat water chestnuts." The shell is used to remove heat." The questioner asked, "Does the northern land also have this kind of thing?" "The answer is: "There are mountains in front and mountains in back, where can't they be found? "Fu Ling is born in water and is said to be a native product. This is a good idea. Translation: There was a northerner who had never seen water chestnuts since he was born. Later he came to the south to serve as an official and (once everyone) sat at a banquet to eat water chestnuts. This man put the shells into his mouth. Someone reminded him: "Eat water chestnuts and remove the shells." But he wanted to cover up his shortcomings and said: "It's not that I don't know how to remove the shells. I want to use them to clear away heat!" "People asked him: "Are there water chestnuts in the north too? "He said: "The front mountains and the back mountains are everywhere." Water chestnuts grow in water but they say they grow in soil. This is because he insists on saying that he knows what he doesn't know. The translation of some words is Shi: official, being an official. Eat: eat or: someone is short of: shortcomings, here refers to one's own ignorance. Go: get rid of desire: want to think. Meaning: This story is about some people who cannot face up to their own shortcomings and shortcomings, and make excuses. As a result, they are made fun of and looked down upon by others. . 6. Extracurricular classical Chinese reading

Question 1: Be casual and slack off... Go to question 2: ① There is no sooner or later in learning, but I am afraid that I will be diligent at the beginning and then slack off.

② I know that he will reach his destination before the person who sets out when the rooster crows. Question 3: Diligence can make up for shortcomings. Comments: Translation of classical Chinese sentences. It is a required question for classical Chinese reading. There are generally two methods for translating classical Chinese sentences, literal translation and free translation. Literal translation is often used in the high school entrance examination.

Literal translation pays attention to the implementation of every word, especially the meaning of key words must be presented. To translate classical Chinese sentences, you must first know the meaning of classical Chinese words. Of course, when translating classical Chinese sentences outside of class, it is also a better method to put them into context and make inferences based on the context.

Question 3 : Test question analysis: "Famous quotes about 'diligence'" should have been accumulated a lot. In the text "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang", we should have accumulated some examples and famous sayings, such as being diligent in work and being idle in play. .

Diligence is a good lesson, and every minute of hard work is equal to talent. It is the time for men to study.

Comments: Chinese is a very cumulative subject. The daily accumulation of subjects may come in handy at some point. Therefore, in our daily study and life, we must accumulate some idioms, famous sayings, sayings, famous quotes from ancient poems, etc.

Not only can you prepare for emergencies during exams, but you can also increase your interest in learning and improve your taste. 7. Find: Many short classical Chinese texts plus translations (for extracurricular high school)

"Mencius·Gaozi" 下》

Shun Fa was raised in the countryside, Fu Shuao was raised in the building, Jiao Ge was raised in the fish and salt, Guan Yiwu was raised in the army, Sun Shuao was raised in the sea, Baili Xi was raised in the sea.

Therefore, when Heaven is about to entrust a person with a great responsibility, he must first strain his mind, strain his muscles and bones, starve his skin, deplete his body, and mess up his actions, so he has tempted his forbearance. Benefit from what you can't do.

People will always make mistakes, and then they can change; they will be stuck in the heart, and they will be balanced by worries, and then they will do something; they will be affected by color and sound, and then they will be unable to move out. Then he will be invincible to foreign patients, and the country will be destroyed.

Then he will know that he was born in sorrow and died in happiness.

[Translation]

Shun was killed in the fields. Fu Yue was promoted from the job of building the wall, Jiao Ke was promoted from the job of selling fish and salt, Guan Yiwu was promoted to the prime minister after being released from the prison officer, and Sun Shu'ao was promoted from the sea to the imperial court. , Bailixi was promoted from the market to the position.

Therefore, when God is about to place a great responsibility on such a person, he must first make his heart suffer, make his muscles and bones tired, make him suffer from hunger, make his skin become thin, and make him suffer from poverty. , make what he does confusing and always unsatisfactory, and use them to make his heart alert, make his character firm, and increase the talents he does not possess.

People often make mistakes before they can correct them; they are troubled and blocked by thoughts before they can make a difference; all this is reflected in their faces and expressed in their words, and then they are understood by others. If there are no ministers who uphold the law and wise men who can assist the monarch in a country, and there are no hostile countries and foreign invasion abroad, it will often lead to destruction.

This can show that sorrow and suffering can make people survive, while ease and enjoyment can make people wither and die. 8. Self-protection of short-term classical Chinese reading training (with answers) (1) Self-protection of short-term northerners who do not know water chestnuts

Select people from northern China (1) who are born without knowledge of water chestnuts and become officials (2) ) In the south, I ate water chestnuts on a table and put the shells into my mouth. Some people said: "The shells must be removed when eating water chestnuts." Someone defended his shortcomings (3) and said: "I don't know. The reason why you put the shells on is to clear away heat." The questioner asked: "Is there such a thing in the northern land?" The answer was: "There are no mountains in the front and mountains in the back." Notes (1) [Northern people] People from the north. (2) [Official] Official. ( 3) [protect] cover up, cover up. Exercise 1. Explain the meaning of the highlighted words in the text. And ( ) taste ( ) go ( ) desire ( ) 2. The one with different meanings of the highlighted words in each of the following groups is ( ) A Shi Yu South. B. It may be said: The water chestnut must be shelled. It is necessary to become an official. Or it may be said: This is not the way of a gentleman. C. There are mountains in the front and mountains behind. Where is it not? I am. Taste shooting in the home garden. 3. Fill in the omitted elements in the brackets of the following sentences. [ ] said: "I don't know. The shell is combined, [ ] wants to clear away the heat with [ ]." 4. Translate the literature and painting Horizontal sentences. 5. What this fable tells people is: Original text: Those who are born in the north and do not know water chestnuts, and serve in the south, eat water chestnuts on the table and eat them with the shells in the mouth. Or it is said: "Eating water chestnuts must remove the shells." People guard their own shortcomings and say: "I don't know that the shell is used to remove heat." The questioner asked: "Is there such a thing in the northern land?" The answer was: "The mountains in the front and the mountains in the back, where can't it be found? ? "Fu Ling was born in water and is said to be a local product. This is a matter of ignorance and knowledge. Translation: Translation: There was a northerner who had never seen water chestnuts since he was born. Later he came to the south to serve as an official and (once everyone) sat at a banquet. When eating water chestnuts, this person put the shells into his mouth. Someone reminded him: "When eating water chestnuts, remove the shells." But he wanted to cover up his shortcomings and said, "It's not that I don't know how to remove the shells. I want to use them to clear away heat." "Ah!" People asked him: "Are there water chestnuts in the north too?" He said, "They are everywhere in the front and back mountains." He said that water chestnuts grow in water, but he said that he didn't know. To know...