What's the role of jujube blooming? What should I pay attention to when opening a armor?

Answer: Jujube trees can temporarily concentrate nutrients for flowering and fruit setting during flowering, which can effectively solve the problem of falling flowers and fruits due to insufficient nutrients. Caragana is the main technical measure to improve the fruit setting rate in Hebei, Shandong and other jujube areas. In the past, it was mainly used in jujube trees, and good results have been achieved in these years. Some fruit farmers in jujube area smash jujube trees when they bloom, and its principle and function are the same as jujube trees.

The opening time should be about 40% of the flowering time of jujube trees, and the early fruit setting rate is low, which affects the yield. Although the fruit setting rate was high in the later stage, the growth period was short, and the single fruit weight and fruit quality of jujube decreased. According to the investigation of Jinsixiaozao by Changli Fruit Research Institute of Hebei Province, the early flowering stage is characterized by large fruit and low fruit setting rate. In full bloom, the shell-opening fruit is uniform in size; At the end of flowering, the fruit is smaller. Some jujube varieties have high fruit setting rate and serious physiological fruit drop, so the opening time can be postponed until after physiological fruit drop.

Nail opening method: the nail opening tool uses a sickle and a kitchen knife. Sickle can be forged specially, or it can be made by bending an old sickle. Choosing a calm sunny day to open the nail is beneficial to the protection of the nail opening cambium and the healing of the nail opening. When nailing, firstly peel off the old bark of the trunk with a sickle to expose the pink phloem with a width of about 65438±0cm, then cut a circle horizontally to the xylem in the upper part of the stripped part with a kitchen knife, then cut a circle obliquely upward to the xylem in the lower part, and then cut off the phloem to form a trapezoidal groove with a flat top and an inclined bottom to complete nailing. The nail mouth is a trapezoidal groove with flat top and inclined bottom, which contains no water, prevents bark from rotting and is beneficial to healing. When removing phloem, the healing tissue (mucus between bark and xylem) should be protected to facilitate the healing of nail mouth. Generally, the nail mouth is 0.3 ~ 0.7 cm wide, and the nail mouth of big trees and flourishing trees can be appropriately wider, while the nail mouth of small trees and weak trees should be narrower, especially the weak trees should be stopped. There are also differences in nail mouth width among varieties. The nail opening of varieties with strong trees and difficult fruit setting can be appropriately wider, and vice versa. For example, the nail opening of the young tree of Dongzao can be widened to about 1 cm, while the nail opening of Jinzizao is 1 cm wide, which is difficult to heal. It is advisable to heal within 20 ~ 30 days after nail opening, and premature healing will affect fruit setting; Too late is not conducive to the growth of trees, resulting in deciduous fruit, nail mouth long-term non-healing caused by dead trees. A mouth should be uniform in width and width, leaving no phloem tissue, otherwise it will affect fruit setting. There is a saying among the masses called "leaving traces to rest branches", which is the reason. In the first year, in order to facilitate the operation, the trunk can be cut for the first time at a place 20 cm above the ground, and then it will move upward at a distance of 4-5 cm every year until the trunk branches, and then it can return from top to bottom or bottom to top (Figure 12).

Figure 12 Schematic Diagram of Armor Opening

1 .kitchen knife 2. Scraping sickle 3. Nail mouth 4. Bark 5. The xylem exposed from the nail mouth is beneficial to the nutrient accumulation of trees. The technique of retaining an auxiliary branch to open nails is effective and can be tried. That is, nailing is carried out on the first branch of the trunk from the ground. This method can appropriately increase the width of nail mouth and improve the fruit setting effect.

In the past, farmers in jujube area did not take protective measures against scarabs, which were easily attacked by scarabs (Lepidoptera white-backed planthopper) and could not heal, affecting tree vigor and fruit setting. The prevention and treatment methods of onychomycosis are as follows: after onychomycosis, it is dried for 4 ~ 12 hours, and 20% fenvalerate or 200 times of 90% trichlorfon, or 30% acephate EC 100 times, or 200 times of 5% hexaflumuron+200 times of 30% acephate.

Therefore, flowering management should do the following:

(1) timely implement jujube topping.

Picking jujube heads (including secondary branches and hanging dates) is the key technology to inhibit vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth and improve fruit setting rate, especially in young jujube trees, vegetative growth is more important. At present, there is premature and heavy coring in production, which affects the effective accumulation of nutrients and the expansion of crown (young tree). Everything is divided into two parts Proper enucleation can adjust the distribution of nutrients and is beneficial to the direction of reproductive growth. Excessive coring, on the one hand, affects the speed of crown expansion and the increase of yield year by year, on the other hand, without proper nutritional growth, it will inevitably lead to the deterioration of tree nutrition, which is unfavorable to fruit setting and fruit growth. Timely coring varies with the branch position, and the main branches and large fruiting branches at all levels should be slightly cored before the branches stop growing in early August to promote the thickening and growth of the main branches and the richness of the branches. Starting from the middle and late May, the fruiting branches at all levels should be cored in different degrees according to their positions, the size and strength of branches, and the jujube heads with bad positions and no room for utilization should be removed from the base or two secondary branches should be left for coring. If it is only in a bad position, you can twist and change the direction of the jujube head cultivated as a small branch to make it horizontal or drooping, and cultivate it into a suitable branch. Requirements for jujube tree head and secondary branches: slight coring, that is, 6-9 secondary branches are reserved for jujube tree head, and 6-8 nodes are reserved for secondary branches for coring; Picking in the middle, leaving 4-5 secondary branches on the jujube head, and coring 4-5 from the secondary branches; Re-coring, leaving 2 ~ 3 secondary branches on the jujube head and 2 ~ 3 nodes on the secondary branches for coring. For useless jujube heads that affect fruit growth, the new branches after core removal should be re-cored to control the growth. Spraying 300-fold solution of 15% paclobutrazol before flowering of jujube trees can effectively inhibit the growth of jujube tree heads and secondary branches, and the effect is better with manual coring. Different varieties have different concentrations, so it is hoped that readers will apply it in a large area after a small number of experiments are successful.

(2) Nailing in time

Flowering should be carried out when the jujube flowers are about 40% open. It is easy to produce big fruit early but low yield, and it is easy to produce small fruit late and high yield. Generally, the width of the nail opening is 0.3 ~ 1cm, the width of the strong tree is moderate, and the width of the weak tree is moderate or even no nail is opened. In order to get better benefits for growers, during the growth of young trees, the auxiliary branches of non-main branches can be circumcised at flowering stage. When the bloom of jujube is about 40%, the auxiliary branch can be circumcised for 2 ~ 3 times with scissors, and then circumcised again after 7 ~ 10 days, so that the auxiliary branch can bear fruit in advance and the tree can grow and bear fruit correctly.

At present, there is a nail opening technology, which keeps an auxiliary branch in production. That is, the nail was cut on the first branch of the trunk from the ground, and good results were obtained. Its principle is to keep an auxiliary branch without nailing, which can make the nutrients produced by it flow back to the root system and maintain the low-level growth of the root system, thus improving the absorption capacity of the root system and reducing the weakness caused by nailing of jujube trees. The author did a simulation experiment in a flowerpot. The aboveground leaves of the whole tree with open nails are yellow, and the yellowing degree of the leaves deepens with the extension of the healing time of open nails Some trees with nails keep their leaves green, but they are not as good as those without nails. Their roots are the best, the middle and the worst. There are also growers who pursue yield for local slicing and still open nails 2 ~ 3 times during the fruit growth period. The yield increased in that year, but the fruit quality decreased, which affected the secondary yield. I don't think it should be advocated.

(3) Rational use of plant growth regulators

Reasonable use of plant growth regulators at flowering stage can significantly improve the fruit setting rate, but improper use will cause adverse consequences. If some farmers spray gibberellin for 4 ~ 5 times at flowering stage, the fruit will become smaller, the maturity will be prolonged and the quality will decline. Some people use high concentration of NAA prematurely after jujube fruit setting, which was originally to preserve the fruit, but it caused a large area of fruit drop.

The concentration of gibberellin used in flowering period should not exceed 20 mg/kg (except some varieties), and the concentration of naphthylacetic acid should not exceed 20 mg/kg to reduce fruit drop.

The suitable time to use gibberellin to improve the fruit setting rate at flowering stage should be after opening the nail, and choose sunny days with sufficient sunshine for 4 ~ 5 consecutive days. The daily average temperature is above 23℃, and the use effect is good (pay attention to the weather forecast of flowering period). It is better to use gibberellin mixed with rare earth microelement fertilizer or 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate alone.

The author's experiment showed that the application of gibberellin 10 mg/kg and brassinolide 0. 1 mg/kg at flowering stage of winter jujube achieved good results. Brassinolide is a newly discovered plant endogenous hormone, which can enhance the drought resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance of plants, promote plant growth, fruit expansion, improve fruit setting rate and increase yield. The combination of the two has complementary advantages and enhanced functions.

The use of plant growth regulators can only be effective under the conditions of good fertilizer and water management and vigorous growth of trees. Therefore, it is very important to apply base fertilizer after autumn and topdressing before germination and flowering, which can not be ignored.

(4) advocating fruit thinning

Fruit thinning of Dongzao, a leading fresh food variety, can not only improve the fruit quality of that year, but also be an important technical measure to achieve high quality and high yield every year. Because Dongzao is a jujube variety with late fruit maturity, the leaves begin to turn yellow and deciduous after fruit picking, and there is basically no growth time for pure nutrition accumulation. Therefore, only by relying on the right amount of fruit in the current year can Dongzao provide sufficient storage nutrition for a series of growth processes such as germination, flower bud differentiation, jujube hanging growth and flower bud formation in the next year, and lay the foundation for high yield and high quality of Dongzao.