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Cultivation techniques of edible fungi cultivation of auricularia auricula in leaf bag

With the rapid development of auricularia auricula planted in bags and the decrease of forest resources, the traditional use of sawdust as culture material can no longer meet the needs of growers all over the country, and the cost is greatly increased. How to use the advantages of local resources to develop auricularia auricula and edible fungi raw materials is an important topic for edible fungi technicians. After years of hard research, the research group of the Edible and Medicinal Fungi Promotion Center of linkou county Association for Science and Technology succeeded in cultivating auricularia auricula with leaves instead of sawdust in 1997. The invention of this new technology will bring immeasurable economic and social benefits, and the development prospect is very considerable.

1. Key points of new techniques for cultivating auricularia auricula in bags with leaves;

1, treatment of broadleaf raw materials First, the fallen leaves and twigs (old leaves can also be used) in the forest area are collected and dried. Use animal power, motor vehicles, shredders, etc. Processing and crushing, and at the same time, crushing 20 kilograms of bean stalks for every 60 kilograms of dry leaves.

2. Formula and preparation method of cultivated seeds

① Formula of cultivated seeds: leaf powder 7 1.7%, bean stalk powder 20%, corn powder 5%, soybean powder 2%, gypsum 0.6%, lime powder 0.7%, moisture 55%, and pH 7-8.5.

(2) Preparation method: firstly, weigh the required amount of dry leaf powder and spread it on the cement floor, then sprinkle the bean straw powder into the leaf powder (dry material) and stir it evenly, then sprinkle the corn flour and soybean powder evenly on the leaf powder, and continue to stir and stir the dry material evenly. Then, gypsum and lime are dissolved in warm water and then evenly splashed on the wet dry material. Water needs to be sprinkled with mixed materials. After mixing the wet materials of the culture materials evenly, sieve them twice with thick iron wire to make the thickness of the culture materials more uniform. The water content should reach 55%, that is, rubbing the materials with both hands makes the surface of the hands moist and cannot store water.

3, bagging, sterilizing and inoculating bacteria

(1) bagging: after the culture materials are evenly mixed, bagging is started (it is best to use polyethylene bags with qualified silk thickness 17cm×33cm×4.5 for bacterial bags). When bagging, it is required to compact while loading, so that the culture materials in the bag are slightly tight up and down, but not too tight, so as not to burst the bag. It is advisable to leave 9cm on the bag when charging. After flattening and compacting the material surface, make a deep hole in the middle of the bag with a round iron bar with a diameter of 2.5cm, and the depth should be 2cm away from the bottom of the bag. After the material bag is punctured, the loose material brought out during puncturing is poured out to prevent the loose material from blocking the puncture opening. Then close the mouth of the bag together, press it down slightly (to eliminate the air in the bag), then twist it clockwise by pinching the mouth of the bag, and then press the twisted mouth with your fingers and buckle it upside down in a dense iron basket or wooden steamer curtain at the bottom (each iron basket or wooden steamer curtain can buckle two or three layers of bags upside down).

(2) Sterilization in the normal pressure pot: put all the material bags into the pot, close the pot door, heat the pot with strong fire, keep the temperature in the pot at 100℃ within 2-3 hours, and keep the temperature for 6-8 hours, then cease fire and continue to stew for one day and night. Boil the pot the next morning. (When the atmospheric pressure pot is short of water, boiling water above 90℃ must be added, and it takes half an hour to add boiling water for sterilization every time. This sealing method needs to hold the middle of the material bag with both hands during discharging, loading and transportation. Because it is inverted bag sterilization and setting, it is difficult to open the mouth.

③ Inoculation: Open inoculation method of electric furnace inoculation device:

First, make a drum slightly larger than the electric furnace with a thick iron sheet, the height of which is 35cm, and put it on the electric furnace. Cover the drum with a very fine layer of barbed wire and fix it (the barbed wire prevents bacteria from falling into the furnace to produce smoke during inoculation). When the bag temperature dropped to 28℃, it began to compete for temperature inoculation in the sterile area above the electric furnace drum. During inoculation, the staff should operate briskly to prevent the driving wind from impacting the heat on the bucket. Generally, each bottle of original seeds can be transferred to 25-30 bags of cultivated seeds.

4. Treatment of spawning room and mycelium culture for cultivating seeds.

① Treatment of fungus room: firstly, clean up indoor sundries. The walls of the culture room should be smooth and flat, and the room should be repainted. Set up a mushroom rack with a dry wooden pole. After the scaffold is set up, the indoor temperature is raised to about 30℃ and kept for 24 hours, so that the indoor mixed bacteria spores can be revived. Then all indoor walls and scaffolding were sprayed with 0.2% carbendazim solution, and the indoor heat preservation humidity reached 75%. Then fumigate and disinfect 15g sulfur per cubic meter of space to kill all the revived miscellaneous bacteria. Then heat and dry the indoor walls and bacterial racks.

② Hyphae culture of cultivated seeds: After receiving the seeds, the bag should be moved to the multi-layer shelf in the culture room immediately, and the mouth of the bag should be kept dark in the upward room, and the bag should not be too crowded. The 5- 10 days before the occurrence of fungi is the colonization period of mycelium germination, and the indoor temperature is 28℃. There is no need for ventilation at this stage, but the temperature should not exceed 30℃, and it is appropriate to reduce the indoor temperature to 24℃ when the mycelium grows to one third. Check whether there are miscellaneous bacteria once a day, and take them out of the culture room immediately if found. Often sprinkle white ash on the ground to make a room? Dry inside. In the middle and late period of fungal growth, the mycelium begins to enter physiological maturity, that is, it will transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and the indoor temperature should be controlled at 18-22℃. Regular ventilation makes the indoor air fresh. Generally, it takes about 35-40 days for hyphae to grow full of bags. After the hyphae are full of bags, they are cultured for about 10 days under the stimulation of temperature difference, so that the hyphae can fully absorb substances, accumulate a lot of nutrients, improve the ability of resisting miscellaneous bacteria, and then transfer to the management of cutting to accelerate germination and heading.

5. Three-dimensional bag ear management in greenhouse Using simple three-dimensional bag hanging of auricularia auricula in greenhouse. It has the advantages of good heat preservation and moisture retention, convenient management, small floor space and large number of cultivation, and is a relatively economical cultivation method. First, build a simple ear shed with thick wooden poles (height 2m× width 6m× length 15m, with 10000 three-dimensional hanging bags). Leave a 1m cultivation management road in the middle of the ear shed. Pull a line of 10 on the shed every 25cm, with both ends fixed, for hanging bags and tying ropes. The four sides of the scaffolding and the roof are surrounded by grass curtains or crop straws. Spray the ground with 0.2% carbendazim solution, dry it slightly, and then sprinkle a layer of white ash for disinfection. After all the bacteria bags are fermented, move them into a culture shed, scrub the surface of the bacteria bags with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, then tie the bacteria bags to an iron wire rope, hang a rope, and start cutting with a sterilized blade. Each bag is separated by five long vertical bars, and the bottom of the bag is opened with two small short openings. After all the fungus bags are hung and cut, the temperature in the greenhouse should be kept at 20℃ during the period of fruit ear cultivation, and water should be sprayed on the ground two or three times a day, and water should be often sprayed on the grass curtain around the greenhouse to keep the relative humidity of the air in the greenhouse at 85%. During this period, we should cultivate in quiet wind. Generally, primordia are formed from the incision in 7- 10 days. After sealing the ears at the incision, you can spray water directly on the bag (during this period, the relative temperature of air is 90%-95%). But the temperature should not exceed 26℃. Because there are many three-dimensional hanging bags in the greenhouse, more and more bacterial bags are required to be sprayed on the upper part when spraying water. The lower part of the fungus bag needs less spraying and micro-spraying. When spraying water, you should master the amount of water (except when the temperature is high at noon, you can spray water at any time). Make the ears flat and not curly, and have a shiny and moist feeling, reaching the best standard of water spraying.

In short, you don't need to spray water when your ears don't roll. In the middle and late period of auricularia auricula growth, the air in the shed should be kept fresh and circulated, and sprayed less on cloudy days and less or no on rainy days, as the case may be. Especially in the case of high temperature and high humidity, more attention should be paid to strengthening ventilation, which is not only beneficial to the growth of auricularia auricula, but also an effective measure to prevent mixed bacteria pollution and ear rot. Generally, it takes about 30 days from ear cutting to mature harvest (the average bag of this culture material can produce more than 60-70 grams of dry ears). When auricularia auricula is ripe, it is sunny, so people should concentrate on harvesting and picking auricularia auricula. The harvested auricularia auricula should be spread on the ventilated screen window curtain in time, and the ear should be turned once in the second half of the sun, and it can be dried and preserved in about 2 days.

Second, the prospect of the new technology of auricularia auricula planted in bag with leaves has a very broad prospect of popularization and application, which is welcomed by growers all over the country because it has the following advantages:

1, rich in raw materials, inexhaustible. All broad-leaved forest areas can be collected all year round, and adults and children can do so.

2. Low cost, increased output and good benefit. According to ordinary sacks, the cost of leaves per bag is about 1-3 yuan money, and sawdust is 8- 10 yuan per bag. After the forest is protected and logging is prohibited, the price of sawdust will rise sharply, and the supply of raw materials cannot be guaranteed. Because the biotransformation rate of leaves as culture medium is 20%-30% higher than that of sawdust, the yield of bacterial bags per 17emx33cm is increased by 20%, and the cost is reduced by 0.05 yuan. This alone, in 2000, the promotion of 90 million bags in linkou county directly saved 4.5 million yuan, and the province produced 65.438 billion bags, saving 50 million yuan, such as national cultivation.

3. The method is simple and feasible. The operation of planting auricularia auricula in leaf bag is simpler than sawdust. As long as you attend the training for 3-5 days, you can completely master the independent seed production and cultivation.

4. Save wood and protect the ecological environment. The biggest advantage of this technology is that leaves are used instead of wood, and the ecological benefits are immeasurable. Each cubic meter of oak birch can produce 500 kilograms of dry sawdust, and generally it needs 5600 kilograms of dry sawdust per 10000 bags of bacteria, and the wood used is 1 1 cubic meter. According to linkou county Development 1 100 million bags of auricularia auricula, wood 1 10000 cubic meters will be used. This is a terrible figure, for example, farmers in the whole province and the whole country need 10000 cubic meters. If logging is prohibited and there is no cultivation material, the edible fungus industry will not develop, which will seriously affect the economic development of rural and forestry workers and laid-off workers in our county and even the whole country. Therefore, the invention of new technology of bagging auricularia auricula with leaves and edible fungi completely solved the worries of edible fungi production, directly protected forest resources and played an important role in forest fire prevention.