Planting method of torreya grandis

Torreya grandis is an excellent variety of Torreya grandis, and it is a rare dried fruit tree species with special characteristics in China. It not only has high cultivation value, but also has good ecological landscape benefits. How to grow torreya grandis? The following is the planting method of torreya grandis that I arranged for you. I hope it works for you.

Planting method of torreya grandis. Selection of afforestation sites

The ideal afforestation site of torreya grandis requires low hills, shade, high air humidity, not too strong illumination and good drainage. Slightly acidic to neutral sandy loam, purple soil, calcareous soil and other soils are suitable for planting torreya grandis, and the soil with pH less than 5 is not suitable for developing torreya grandis, and the soil with deep fertility, good permeability and low groundwater level is the most suitable. Torreya grandis needs plenty of sunshine after fruiting, so afforestation above 400 meters above sea level should be chosen on sunny and semi-sunny slopes.

Second, forest land consolidation.

According to the characteristics of young torreya grandis trees needing shade and the need of soil and water conservation, forest vegetation is reserved, which is beneficial to the survival and growth of afforestation. Generally, the sloping land below 15℃ can be fully cultivated, and interplanting of forest and grain is advocated; Strip soil preparation at 15 ~ 30℃ slope, retaining terrace vegetation and intercropping forest and grain; Slopes above 30℃ shall be prepared in the form of fish scale pits, and large holes (with a diameter of 80 cm and a depth of more than 50 cm) shall be dug, and vegetation around the holes shall be preserved.

Third, planting technology.

1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer: apply 10 ~ 20kg fully decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole in the planting hole, and fill it with weeds, fallen leaves, turf, etc. If conditions permit, proceed in layers. Tread a little, the height is not more than half of the hole depth, backfill the topsoil around the planting hole, which is about 10 cm higher than the ground, or backfill it twice. Before planting, apply 0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each hole and mix well with the hole soil.

2. Planting density: Torreya grandis has a very long economic life, and a century-old tree can cover hundreds of square meters. Meanwhile, torreya grandis grows very slowly. Considering the early economic benefits, the initial planting density is generally 4? 4 or 4? About 5 meters, about 35-42 plants per mu is appropriate.

3. seedling size: It is required to provide excellent clones of authentic torreya grandis, and the clones shall be determined as afforestation materials. What is the size of Miao? 2+3? The above grafted seedlings must bring soil balls or container seedlings. The specific requirements of improved varieties and strong seedlings are: strong growth, developed root system and many main lateral roots; The height of seedlings is more than 50 cm; The ground diameter is greater than1.5cm; Grafted seedlings require more than 3 branches.

4. Planting time: early spring (late February to early March) is suitable; Afforestation can also be done in late autumn and early winter (165438+ 10 to February of the following year), but it should be noted that the temperature should be above 0℃ and the water supply should be sufficient.

5. Planting method: Torreya grandis seedlings should be planted shallowly, and the soil surface should be 2 ~ 3 cm higher than the root diameter. It is forbidden to bury the grafted part in the soil. When planting, attention should be paid to the seedling, the root system should be stretched, the seedling should be pulled out and compacted after half filling, then compacted and finally covered with virtual soil. After planting, use sunshade net to shade the sun in time.

6. Pollination tree configuration: Torreya grandis is a dioecious plant, and 3% ~ 5% of Torreya grandis grafted seedlings must be configured as pollination trees when planted in areas without male plants around. Torreya grandis is pollinated by the wind, so it should be planted in the high altitude of the female torreya grandis.

Fourth, interplanting under forest

Torreya grandis grows slowly and needs shade when it is young. Therefore, the three-dimensional management mode of interplanting Torreya grandis under the forest can be adopted, and suitable deciduous trees and other economic forests that need to be transformed should be selected for interplanting Torreya grandis. The canopy density should not be too high and the light transmittance should be above 40%.

Five, young forest tending

One is shading. After planting seedlings for 1~3 years, a protective circle is set around the seedlings, and a sunshade net is used to shade them. The second is intertillage weeding. During the spring and autumn growth period of 1~2 years after afforestation, weeding should be done frequently in the protected area, and vegetation should be preserved as much as possible outside the protected area; 3. Fertilization: young trees after two years are combined with organic fertilizers (nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer), and each tree is applied with nitrogen fertilizer of 50- 100g, compound fertilizer of 0/00g and organic fertilizer of 5- 15kg, and the chemical fertilizer does not directly contact the root system.

Cultivation techniques of torreya grandis seedlings

1, select varieties.

There are many varieties of torreya grandis, and almost every torreya grandis producing area has local native varieties, so when choosing torreya grandis varieties, we must follow them? Suitable place, suitable tree and suitable variety? In principle, try to choose local native varieties for cultivation. If it is necessary to introduce excellent varieties from other places, it is necessary to investigate the ecological environment of the introduction place in advance. Only when the ecological environment of the introduction place and the introduction place is the same or similar can the introduction be successful.

Step 2 raise seedlings

Torreya grandis seedling is divided into two stages: seedling raising; Grafted seedlings cultivate grafted seedlings.

Step 3 raise seedlings

(1) seed selection

When choosing seeds, you should choose them according to their colors. Generally, when the aril of fruit changes from turquoise to yellow-green, it is more suitable as a seedling seed. After the seeds are harvested, the aril is removed first, and then the seeds are stored in layered sand, keeping moderate dry humidity. Generally, the seeds in sand storage began to germinate in late 10, and by the end of March of the following year, the germination rate was over 90%. When the radicle is 0.5~ 1.5cm long, it can be sown.

(2) sowing

Before sowing, nursery land should be selected. Nursery land requires convenient transportation, deep soil layer and sufficient moisture. In order to ensure the implementation of construction and irrigation measures, power supply is needed. Prepare the seedbed before sowing, and apply sufficient base fertilizer, mainly farmyard manure, with 40-50 loads per 667m2. The seedbed is about 65438 0.5m wide and 65438 0.5cm high. When sowing, the seeds should be disinfected first, which can be soaked in 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 65438±00min, then taken out and washed with clear water.

Is the planting spacing 15cm? 30cm, the radicle of the seed is placed horizontally, covered with soil (about 3 times the transverse diameter of the seed) and covered with straw to keep the bed surface loose and moist. From late April to early May, a shade shed should be built in time after the seedlings are unearthed, with a height of 1.8m and a light transmittance of 50%-60%. During the drought, water should be done every 10~ 15d 1 time, and sprinkler irrigation is the appropriate watering method. Appropriate fertilization can be applied in the middle stage of seedling stage, and urine and feces are the best; The pest is mainly cutworm, and the dosage of dixon is 2g/m2. Mix it with loess and sprinkle it on the roots for control. Torreya grandis seedlings are prone to root rot in mildew season, so it is necessary to remove the diseased plants manually first, and then apply firewood ash and lime at the root of seedlings at the ratio of 8: 2 (100-150kg/667m2) to prevent the spread.

(3) cultivating grafted seedlings

Selecting 2-year-old seedlings as rootstocks, scions from 40-year-old healthy mother trees and 1a as branches; The grafting time is in the middle and late March, when the sap has begun to flow out, but the bud has not yet germinated. The grafting method can be cutting or splitting. After grafting, 2 ~ 5-year-old seedlings can be used for afforestation when they are cultivated to more than 50cm.

Afforestation technology

Selection of afforestation sites

According to the biological and ecological characteristics of torreya grandis, the altitude is below 700m and the slope is 5- 15. Hills or low mountains with loose, deep and fertile soil (above 80cm soil layer and above 20cm humus), good drainage, gravel content below 20.0%, sufficient water and convenient transportation are afforestation sites.

Seedling selection

Seedling size: The minimum grafted seedlings should be 2+2a, with a height of more than 50cm, developed roots, stout trunk, thick and shiny leaves, good upward scion and no diseases and insect pests. It is best to adjust the seedlings nearby and plant them as soon as possible. Because the fleshy roots of torreya grandis seedlings are easy to lose water and break horizontally. Bare-rooted seedlings should be transplanted with overnight soil, try to keep the root system intact and moisturize it.

Planting density and configuration

The initial planting density of afforestation is 33 plants /667m2, and the spacing between plants is 4m? 5 million.

Configuration method: Torreya grandis is a dioecious plant. When grafting seedlings are used for afforestation, a certain proportion of male grafting seedlings must be allocated as pollination trees, and the ratio of female to male torreya is 8: 1.

Soil preparation and planting

According to the characteristics of torreya grandis' need for shade and the need of soil and water conservation in its infancy, it is forbidden to completely split mountains and open up wasteland when clearing forest land. Use small pieces (about 1m in diameter) or narrow horizontal strips (about 1m in bandwidth) for mountain preparation, and then dig big holes. This can not only improve the survival rate, but also greatly save the cost of afforestation, which is also beneficial to soil and water conservation. Planting hole size 100cm? 100cm？ 100cm, where the planting hole is too deep and the drainage is poor, ditch should be opened to prevent water accumulation and rotten roots. Apply sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer in the hole, cover the soil for wintering, preserve moisture and increase fertilizer, and improve soil physical and chemical properties.

In order to prevent freezing injury, planting seedlings should be adopted for afforestation in winter or early spring, and Mao Mao should choose windless cloudy days or rainy days. Torreya grandis seedlings should be planted shallowly, and the soil surface should be 2~3cm higher than the root diameter. It is forbidden to bury the grafted part in the soil. Pay attention to the stretching of vertical seedlings and roots when planting. After filling half of the soil, the seedlings should be pulled out and compacted, then filled and compacted, and finally covered with virtual soil. It is best to reinforce plants properly, such as inserting small bamboo poles to support and bind them to prevent joints from cracking. Appropriate male plants can be arranged in the forest or windward to facilitate pollination in adulthood.

Management and maintenance

Tending management

After planting 1 year, the key point is to do a good job in drought resistance and seedling protection in high temperature weather in summer. Torreya grandis is easy to get sunburned, so it is necessary to build a shade shed to shade the sun. Mesh material is suitable for shading shed, which can not only shade, but also have certain transparency. The construction time is in early April. In winter, in order to prevent frostbite, weeds can be covered on the roots of seedlings to keep warm during the second tending. At the end of winter, the plastic film should be buried in the soil in time to prevent the infection of pests and diseases, and at the same time, it can play the role of green manure.

Tending should be carried out at least twice a year in the first two years after afforestation, the first time 1 time is in May-June, and the second time is in August-September, that is, shallow excavation should be carried out around the roots of seedlings to avoid deep excavation and prevent root damage, and cuttings should be used in other places to prevent soil erosion. Fertilization can be carried out at the same time as young forest tending, organic fertilizer should be selected as far as possible, and compound fertilizer can also be used when conditions are insufficient. Intercropping between forest and grain can be done properly three years before afforestation, but it should be a little far from the roots.

Water and fertilizer management

Comprehensive tending is carried out once a year from July to August, and the tending method is still the combination of point caressing and mowing, and the cut weeds are covered on the roots to reduce water evaporation in summer. Where conditions permit, a drip irrigation system can be built, and at the same time, the required fertilizer can be applied to the roots of torreya grandis through the drip irrigation system. Organic fertilizer can be applied once every spring from May 438 to February, and farmyard manure is the best, and the fertilizer is buried in the roots.

Plastic trimming

Pruning is an important measure to improve the yield of torreya grandis. In order to achieve high and stable yield of torreya grandis, it is necessary to control tree height and crown width. If the tree is too high, it needs more nutrients, which is not conducive to the picking of torreya grandis. However, if the tree shape is too low, it may not give full play to the yield advantage, and it can be pruned appropriately after afforestation for 2 years. The specific requirements are: the crown height should be controlled at 4-5m, and the crown width should be kept dry and round. After the crown is formed, it should be trimmed regularly every year. At this time, it is only necessary to cut off dense branches and diseased branches.

Loosening soil and weeding

In the winter from 65438+February to 65438+1October, combined with fertilization, the soil around torreya grandis was deeply turned, leaves were buried in the soil, and crops such as beans and grasses were interplanted in the woodland, which improved the soil ventilation conditions and increased the income. Shallow ploughing once in July and August, cutting off weeds and twigs, covering torreya grandis rhizosphere, cooling and moisturizing, and harvesting.