Three examples of people with national integrity

BC 100, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Su Wu, a corps commander, to Xiongnu with a company commander and deputy John Zhang and his entourage Chang Hui, and was detained by Xiongnu, forcing Su Wu to surrender. Khan sent Wei Lv, a Han Chinese who had surrendered to Xiongnu before, to persuade Su Wu to surrender, saying, "I only had to surrender to Xiongnu. Khan was very kind to me, made me king, gave me tens of thousands of men and cattle and sheep all over the mountain, and enjoyed prosperity. If Mr Wang Can surrenders to the Huns, he will be like me tomorrow. Why did he give up his life for nothing? "

Su Wu stood up angrily and said, "Wei Law! You are the son of the Han people and became a vassal of the Han Dynasty. You are ungrateful, betrayed your parents, betrayed the court and brazenly became a traitor. How dare you talk to me? I will never surrender, and it is useless to force me. " Lv Wei touched a rebuff and reported to Khan.

Khan kept Su Wu in the cellar, denied him food and drink, and tried to force him to yield through long-term torture. It is winter weather at this time, and it is snowing heavily outside. Hungry and thirsty, Su Wu held a handful of snow to quench his thirst. Hungry, I pulled some belts and sheepskin slices to eat. A few days later, I didn't starve to death. Seeing that it was useless to torture him, Khan sent him to Beihai (now Lake Baikal) to herd sheep, separated from his subordinate Chang Hui, and told Su Wu, "I will let you go only after the ram gives birth to a lamb." How can a ram give birth to a lamb? It's just that he will be imprisoned for a long time. When Su Wu arrived in Beihai, there was no one around. His only companion is to represent the successive festivals of the imperial court. The Huns refused to give food, so he dug grass roots in the mouse hole to satisfy his hunger. After a long time, all the ears on the joints fell off.

Until 85 BC, the Huns Khan died, and civil strife broke out in Xiongnu, which was divided into three countries. Sinkhan no longer had the strength to fight against the Han Dynasty, and sent messengers to make peace. At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had passed away, and his son Zhao Di succeeded him. Emperor Zhao Han sent an emissary to the Huns to let Khan return to Su Wu. Xiongnu lied that Su Wu was dead. The messenger believed it and didn't mention it again.

The second time, the Han envoy went to Xiongnu again, and Su Wu's entourage Chang Hui was still in Xiongnu. He bribed the Huns, met the ambassador privately, and told him about Su Wu's herding sheep in Beihai. When the messenger saw Shan Yu, he severely reprimanded him and said, "Since the Huns intend to make peace with the Han Dynasty, they should not cheat the Han Dynasty. Our emperor killed a wild goose in the imperial garden. There is a silk tied to the goose's foot, which says that Su Wu is still alive. How can you say he is dead? " Khan was taken aback. He thought it was really Su Wu's loyalty that moved the birds, and even the geese took a message for him. He apologized to the messenger and said, "Su Wu is really alive. Let's put him back. "

Su Wu was only forty years old when he went to the embassy. After 19 years of torture in Xiongnu, the beard and hair turned white. On the day he returned to Chang 'an, Chang 'an people came out to meet him. They saw Su Wu, with white hair and beard, holding a smooth knot in his hand, and were all unmoved, saying that he was really an upright gentleman. Yue Fei [Song] (1103 ~1142)

Ju Peng, a native of Tangyin, Xiangzhou, Henan Province, was a great star in the Song Dynasty. The mother is the most filial and the family is poor. His mother tattooed the words "faithfully serve the country" on his back, and Yue Fei took this as the criterion of life. When recruiting soldiers in the Northern Song Dynasty, he went to Zong Ze's men and defeated nomadic people repeatedly. Song Gaozong wrote the word "Loyalty and Yuefei" in calligraphy and set up a flag to give it. He also defeated Li Cheng, leveled Liu Yu, beheaded Yang Yao, tired officials to Qiu Wei, granted less insurance, and recruited envoys from all walks of life in northern Henan.

In 1 129, Jin Wushu crossed the river and conquered Jiankang. Yue Fei persisted in resisting. The following year, in Yancheng, the "kidnapper" of Jiankang was recovered, and Zhengzhou and Luoyang were recovered. Rebels from two rivers (Huaihe River and Yellow River) responded continuously, hoping to re-enter Zhuxian Town, cherish the efforts of Premier Qin Gui and make peace.

The army led by Yue Fei is called "Yue Jiajun", and Jin Bing is very afraid of "Yue Jiajun". It is said that it is easier to shake the mountain than the Yue family army.

1 162, when Song Xiaozong was reinstated, Wu Mu was killed, Ning Zongshi was posthumously named King of Hubei, posthumously named as a loyal minister, and there was Yue Wumu Collection.

wen tianxiang

Wen Tianxiang (1236- 1283), formerly known as Sun Yun, was born in Wenshan, Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an County). He was an outstanding national hero and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), he won the top prize, but he was unable to become an official because of his father's death. Eunuch Dong asked to move the capital to avoid the enemy's front. In order to inspire people, Wen Tianxiang offered a plan to defend against the enemy and asked Dong to behead him, which was not adopted. Later, he served as Langguan and Zhizhou in the punishments department. In the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he was dismissed for offending the traitor Jia Sidao. Deyou (1275) heard about it in the first month. It was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty). The following year, he was appointed Prime Minister Right and envoy of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the Yuan army had advanced on Lin 'an, was sent to Yuan Ying for negotiations, was detained and taken to the north. At the end of February, Tianxiang and his guest Du Hu and others 12 died in Zhou Zhen at night. Then he went south to Fujian by sea, joined Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu, and persisted in resisting Yuan. Jing Yan joined the army for two years (1277). Defeated by Yuan Zhongbing, his wife and children were held hostage, and the soldiers sacrificed a lot. Tian Xiang escaped alone, so he retreated to Guangdong and continued to resist Yuan. Later, because of the traitor's attack, he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng County, Guangdong Province) in December of the same year. Forcing Zhang Hongfan to surrender to Zhang Shijie by Yuan is a poem in the book Zero Crossing. At the end of the sentence, he said, "No one has died since ancient times, leaving Dan Xin in charge of his sweat." After four years in prison, he endured all kinds of severe tests and never gave in. He died peacefully on 1283 at the age of 47. Wen Tianxiang wrote a large number of poems, words and essays, including more than one poem 100, which made great achievements, including The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan, among which Crossing the Zero Ding Yang and Yi Ge Xing are timeless.

Su Wu

Su Wu (140 ~ 60 BC), whose real name was Qing Zi. Ling Du (now in the middle and west of Xi, Shaanxi) was a famous man of loyalty in the Western Han Dynasty. Father Su Jian, who followed the famous Wei Qing to attack Xiongnu many times in the north, later served as the magistrate of Dai Jun. The bureaucratic system at that time stipulated that if the father was an official, the son could first enter the official rank from a lower rank. Su Wu is also a LangGuan first, and then gradually promoted. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, that is, in 100 BC, he was ordered to send an envoy to Xiongnu as a corps commander. Because King Gou Jian of Xiongnu plotted to kidnap Khan's mother, E Shi, and submit to the Han Dynasty, John Zhang, the messenger of the Han Dynasty, was also involved, and Su Wu was also implicated.

Huns Khan imprisoned Su Wu in a big cellar from the beginning in order to force him to surrender. Su Wu was so hungry that he ate snow and Mao Weisheng, but he never surrendered. Khan took him to the North Sea (now Lake Baikal in the Soviet Union), and Su Wu was even more unmoved. He still holds Jeff of the Han Dynasty, herding sheep for a living, showing tenacious perseverance and unyielding integrity. Later, after Zhao Di ascended the throne, the Han Dynasty married the Huns and asked them to return Su Wu and other envoys, but Khan lied that Su Wu and others were dead.

Later, when the envoys of the Han Dynasty came to the Xiongnu area, they finally learned that Su Wu was still alive, so they threatened that the emperor of the Han Dynasty had shot a wild goose in Shanglinyuan, with silk on its feet, and made it clear that Su Wu was in the swamp in the north. Khan had to return Su Wu and other nine people.

Su Wu stayed in Xiongnu for a long time, with 19 years.

In the sixth year of Zhao Di's reign, that is, 8 1 year BC, Su Wu finally returned to Chang 'an. The following year, Shangguan Jie, Shangguan 'an and Sang Hongyang were charged with rebellion. Su Wu has a good relationship with Shangguan and Sang Hongyang, and his son is also involved. Su Wu was removed from office. After the death of Emperor Zhao, Su Wu was appointed as the Commissioner of Customs for his participation in the establishment of Xuan Di.

Chu was an outstanding politician and patriotic poet at the end of the Warring States Period. His name is Ping, the word Ziyuan, and he is a descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Xiong Tong, from Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei).

Qu Yuan was the first great patriotic poet in China. He initiated a new era of poetry from collective singing to individual independent writing. He is the founder of China's positive romantic poetry tradition, and one of the "four famous people in world culture" (Copernicus in Poland, Shakespeare in Britain and Dante in Italy).

Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life: Chu Weiwang, Chu Huaiwang and King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, and his main activities were in the period of Chu Huaiwang. This period is the eve of China's imminent reunification. "Qin Shihuang is horizontal, and the king of Chu is vertical." Qu Yuan was born in a noble family and was good at dealing with chaos, so he was favored by Chu Huaiwang in his early years and was a leftist. In order to realize the great cause of reunifying Chu, Dr. San Lv actively assisted Chu Huaiwang in reforming the country. At one time, there was a situation in Chu that the country was rich and the people were strong, and the princes were hard to hope for. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by a group of little people and alienated by Chu Huaiwang.

In the 15th year of Wang Huai (the first 304 years), Zhang Yi paid off Shanxi merchants, Zilan and Zheng Xiu as spies with a large sum of money. At the same time, he tricked Wang Huai into breaking off diplomatic relations. After being cheated, he became angry from embarrassment and sent troops to Qin twice, both of which were defeated. So Qu Yuan was ordered to send troops to Qi State to rebuild the good relationship between Qi and Chu. Here, Zhang Yi once again went from Qin to Chu.

In the thirty years of Wang Huai, Qu Yuan returned to Ying Du. In the same year, Qin made an appointment with the military attache and was detained by Qin. Finally died in the state of Qin. After Wang Xiang ascended the throne, he continued to implement the policy of surrender. Qu Yuan was expelled again and exiled to Jiangnan, wandering between Yuan and Xiang. In the 21st year (278 BC), the state of Qin conquered Baicheng.

Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs (1 1), Nine Chapters (9) and Evocation, with a total of 23 articles. In addition, whether Buju and Fisherman were written by Qu Yuan is still controversial in academic circles. It put forward 172 questions to the sky with questions, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, which showed the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and the scientific spirit of pursuing truth. Nine Songs is a set of music songs for offering sacrifices to gods based on folk songs. A large number of images of gods are created in the poems, most of which are love songs between man and god.

Qu Yuan's works record his persistence in the ideal of "beautiful politics" and his struggle against the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu. His ideal of "beautiful politics" is shown in his works, that is, "nurturing talents and empowering them, but not enough with what they ask" (Li Sao). The so-called "cultivating talents and appointing talents" means selecting truly talented people to govern the country, opposing the world's nobles and the legacy of the world. It shows that it is reasonable to select talents regardless of their status. The so-called "obeying the law without being fully satisfied" means perfecting the statutes, that is, the laws are not expensive and limiting the privileges of the old nobles. Qu Yuan's ideal of "beautiful politics" reflects his sharp opposition to the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu and expresses his progressive demand of getting rid of bad politics, with the ultimate goal of saving the motherland from peril and making Chu rich and strong. Related to this, Qu Yuan's works also profoundly reveal Chu. At the same time, he showed his determination to care about the country and people, love the country and devote himself to the motherland. Although Qu Yuan was exiled or even exiled, he always thought about the rise and fall of the motherland and the sufferings of the people, and hoped that the King of Chu would repent and turn over a new leaf, work hard and be the master of rejuvenation. He knows that loyalty to honesty and frankness will lead to disaster, but he always "bears it". Knowing that he faced many dangers, he could have gone to other countries to find a way out in the era of "using Chu materials", but he refused to leave Chu, which showed his infinite loyalty to the motherland and his personality and will to "win glory with the sun and the moon".

Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. He is an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit of loving the motherland and the people, persisting in the truth and treating death as death, and his lofty personality of "glory for the sun and the moon" have inspired and nurtured countless Chinese sons and daughters for thousands of years, especially when the country and the nation are in danger. As a great poet, this spirit is even more obvious. It not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also his new poetic style, Chu Ci, has broken through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation. Later generations also called Chu Ci and The Book of Songs "wind and coquettish". Feng Sao is a poem by China.

In the history of China, Qu Yuan was the most admired and loved poet by the people. According to the continuity of Sui Shu and geographical harmony, Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The custom of making zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in China originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. From 1938 to 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the "Four Cultural Celebrities" in the world and was well received.

Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word euan, no. Jia Xuan was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). At birth, Shandong was occupied by nomadic people. 2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He has been to Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang.

During his tenure, he took active measures to recruit exiles, train the army, reward farming, fight corruption, and attach importance to stability and people's livelihood. He persisted in resisting gold all his life. In the notes of Ten Comments on Meiqin and Nine Comments, the political and military situation at that time was analyzed in detail, which strongly refuted the fallacy of exaggerating the strength of nomadic people and advocating compromise and surrender. It is required to strengthen operational preparations and boost morale in order to restore the Central Plains. His anti-gold suggestion was not adopted and was hit by the peace faction. I have left my post for a long time and lived in Shangrao and Lead Mountain in Jiangxi.

I used it in my later years and soon died of illness. His ci tries to restore the patriotic enthusiasm of national reunification, pour out the grief and indignation of hard-to-pay ambition, and expose and criticize the humiliating surrender of the upper ruling group in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. The artistic style is diverse, mainly bold. Passionate, generous and tragic, vigorous brushwork, and Su Shi are also called "Su Xin". Xin Ci inherited Su Shi's bold and unconstrained ci style and the fighting tradition of patriotic poets in the early Southern Song Dynasty, further opened up the realm of Ci and expanded the theme of Ci, almost reaching the point of nothing. It also creatively synthesizes the advantages of poetry, prose, ci and fu, enriches the forms of expression of ci, and forms the unique style of symphonic ci. Words are bold and unconstrained, but eclectic, gloomy, bright, inspirational and charming. He is good at using concrete techniques and strange imagination to endow the mountains, water, wind, moon, grass and wood in nature with emotion and character, and place some hopes on them. He is also good at absorbing folk spoken language, especially at using allusions, using things and quoting poems and sentences of predecessors, and often makes a little transformation and creates new ideas. But some works are obscure and boring because of too many allusions and arguments. The summary of the catalogue of Sikuquanshu said: "His words are generous and arrogant, and he can stand out because of the sudden change of tone of the musicians." Wu's Lotus Poem says: Xin Jiaxuan's solo poems, regardless of ancient and modern times, show profound brushwork, such as Lun, Meng, Preface of Poetry, Zuo's Spring and Autumn Period, Southland, Li Sao, History Book, Han, Shi Shuo, Metaphysics, Li and Du Fu. "

"Is it broken?" Send Chen Tongfu an argument. ""Never pick up music? "Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia" and "Shuilongyin? Deng Jiankang Shangxin Pavilion, Bodhisattva Man? Book Jiangxi is famous for its stoma wall. However, some works also reveal negative emotions caused by unfulfilled ambitions. And "Jia He's Short Sentence". Modern people compiled Notes on Xin Jiaxuan's Poems.

Ding (1836- 1895) is a native of Dingjiakan Village, North Township, Lujiang County, Anhui Province. He suffered from poverty since childhood. At the age of 65,438+08, he joined the Cheng Xueqi Department of Taiping Army, and later joined the Xiang Army under Ceng Guoquan with Cheng Xueqi to pay tribute to General Qian. 1862 was appreciated by Li Hongzhang and incorporated into the "Ming" camp of Huai Army, where he was awarded the post of general and commanded the cavalry. 1874, his 3rd battalion was abolished, so he returned to the battlefield. 1877 was reactivated. 1888 was officially appointed as the prefect of Beiyang navy. Although Ding was born in the military and knew nothing about the modern navy, he was eager to learn and read more, humbly asked for advice, did his duty and worked hard. Under his unified guidance, Beiyang Navy has taken on a new look. In the Yellow Sea naval battle, he took the lead. Although seriously injured, he refused to leave the cabin and has been sitting on the deck to supervise the battle. In the battle of ahava, faced with the temptation of the enemy and the intimidation of some reactionary officials, he remained firm and fought against the enemy to the death, and finally made opium a martyr.