Cultivation techniques of rubber tree

Rubber tree is an evergreen tree of Moraceae, and its height can reach more than 25 meters. On the leaves, the young leaves are curly, thick and shiny, oval to oblong, dark green or red-green, and the back of the leaves is light green; Stipules reddish brown, initially wrapped outside the terminal bud. After the new leaves are stretched, the stipules fall off, leaving traces of stipules on the branches. Native to India and Malaysia, I like high temperature and humidity. This is a famous potted foliage plant. Small and medium-sized plants are often used to beautify the living room and study; Large and medium-sized barrel plants are suitable to be arranged in the foyer and both sides of the square of large buildings. The planting department in the northern central city is very popular.

Common cultivated varieties and varieties are:

Rubber tree in Phnom Penh with golden leaves;

Rubber trees with flowers and leaves are slightly round, with many irregular yellow and white spots on the edges and leaves, which have weak growth potential and slow reproduction.

Rubber tree with white spots, narrow leaves and many white spots;

Venus rubber tree with wide leaves is much bigger and rounder than ordinary rubber tree. Brown-red-green when he was young, slightly reddish-brown when he grew up, with scattered needle-sized spots near the edge, which can be identified with a little attention. This is an excellent variety of rubber tree.

Rubber trees are generally propagated by cutting with high branches and layering. After the temperature gets warmer in May, cut 1 ~ 2-year-old branches, and cut one (or single-bud scissors) every three nodes. Remove the lower blade, fold the upper two blades together, and insert the thin bundle into the grooving machine. In order to prevent lodging, you can put up another stick. The grooving machine is sealed with plastic film to keep moisture. The temperature is about 25℃, and it can be rooted and potted in about 4 ~ 6 weeks. It is more convenient to breed with high branch layering method at home, and the success rate is also high. Select 2-year-old branches, cut them into a ring with a width of 1 cm ~ 1.5 cm, then wrap them around the wound with moist moss and peat, and finally wrap them tightly with plastic film and bind them at the upper and lower ends. Layering in June, cutting and potted after rooting in July-August.

Potted rubber trees are generally made of peat soil, humus soil, 1/4 river sand and a small amount of base fertilizer, and can also be made of fine sand.

Hevea brasiliensis grows faster and likes fertilizer, and it is fertilized 1 time a week. The flowerpot or soil is usually replaced before the new buds grow in spring. When the height of the seedlings is 80 cm ~ 100 cm, the seeds should be removed as needed to promote the germination of lateral branches. Generally, three main branches are left and the rest are removed. If cultivated well, it can grow into a 2-meter plant in about 3 years. Rubber trees like strong sunshine, so they should be planted in the sun from spring to autumn throughout the birthday season, and also in the place with the strongest indoor sunshine in winter.

If you watch it indoors, you should replace it 1 time in about 2 weeks, and the time should not be too long. Hevea brasiliensis grows very fast in high humidity and humid environment, and gives birth to a leaf every 5 ~ 7 days. In the meantime, we must ensure adequate fertilizer and water. Gradually reduce fertilization and watering in autumn to promote the growth and enrichment of branches. Because rubber trees have strong resistance to arid environment, it is easier to cultivate in North China. It should be kept indoors at a temperature above 10℃ for wintering, and long-term low-temperature and humid basin soil is easy to cause root rot. From the end of April to the beginning of 10 every year, it is moved to outdoor cultivation.

Cultivation techniques of Sedum sarmentosum

Sedum sarmentosum is extremely barren, and the general soil can adapt, and the sand with good drainage is the most suitable. You can sow and reproduce by yourself. See sunshine blossom, cloudy day in the morning and evening, hence the name Jingtian and Afternoon Flower.

Propagation by sowing or cutting. Sowing can be done in spring, summer and autumn. When the temperature is above 20℃, the seeds germinate and germinate about 10 day after sowing. Cover the soil thinly, and you can grow without it. The seedlings were planted separately, with a row spacing of 56 cm. Liquid fertilizer needs to be applied several times. The temperature is above 65438 05℃, and it blooms in about 20 days. Cutting propagation is usually used for double-petal varieties. In summer, cut branches are used as cuttings, wilting stems can also be used, and buds appear after living cuttings. Transplanted plants don't need soil, and they don't need to be watered often during the growing period. When the fruit is ripe, it cracks and the seeds are easy to scatter, so it needs to be harvested in time.

Sedum sarmentosum is generally based on seed propagation and has strong self-sowing ability. However, with the emergence of a large number of new horticultural varieties, it is difficult to collect their seeds. Especially the new horticultural varieties with double petals do not bear seeds after flowering. Therefore, cutting can be used for family reproduction.

1. Overwintering of seedlings: After the first frost and solar term (Shanghai area) every year, move Sedum bicolor to indoor sunlight. Put it on the inside of the glass window after winter, so that the soil in the basin is a little dry, and it can be safely wintered. After Tomb-Sweeping Day in the following year, the flowerpot can be placed outside the window, and it needs to be maintained in the window in case of cold current.

2. Cutting time: from the beginning of May to the end of August, you can cut off the top of the tender stem of about 5cm for cutting.

3. Preparation of culture soil: It can be prepared by mixing 3 parts of garden cooked soil, 5 parts of yellow sand, 2 parts of chaff ash or fine sawdust evenly and adding a little calcium superphosphate powder.

4. Planting containers: pottery pots, porcelain pots, plastic flower pots or other containers with water seepage at the bottom. Put tiles on the bottom of the seepage to facilitate seepage, and then plant them in the culture soil.

5. Cutting method: planing the culture soil in the container, and inserting the cut Sedum sarmentosum twigs into the holes poked by bamboo chopsticks, with the depth of the culture soil not exceeding 2 cm at most. In order to make the potted flowers shape and plump as soon as possible, one pot can see the size of one pot. As long as the spacing of 2 cm can be maintained, multiple plants can be cut (other pots can be planted when there are many seedlings). Then pour in enough water. New cuttings can be shaded or not. As long as they keep a certain humidity, they can survive in 10 ~ 15 days and enter normal maintenance.

How to raise rubber trees, rubber tree families and their conservation methods

Some netizens asked how to raise rubber trees and how to care for rubber trees planted at home. The following is a brief introduction: rubber trees like high temperature and humidity, sunny environment, shade-tolerant but not cold-resistant. Hevea brasiliensis mostly adopts cutting and high pressure propagation. Cutting propagation is relatively simple, and it is easy to survive and grow rapidly in high temperature and high humidity environment.

Hevea brasiliensis originated from Indian and Malaysian, and is now cultivated all over China. Rubber tree, also known as banyan and rubber tree, is an evergreen woody foliage plant of Ficus in Moraceae.

Rubber tree leaves are large, thick leathery, shiny, round to rectangular; The surface of the leaves is dark green, and the back of the leaves is light green, which is initially wrapped outside the terminal bud. After the new leaves are stretched, the stipules fall off, leaving traces of stipules on the branches. Its mosaic varieties have yellow and white patches on the green leaves, which is more beautiful and pleasing to the eye.

Rubber trees are often used for cutting and high-pressure propagation. Cutting propagation is simple, easy to survive and fast to grow. Generally, pruning is combined in late spring and early summer. Select annual lignified middle branches as cuttings, cut off the lower leaves, close the upper two leaves and bind them with plastic, or cut off the upper leaves for half a week to reduce water evaporation; In order to prevent the incision from losing too much milk and affecting the survival, plant ash should be used to smear the wound in time; Cutting the treated cuttings into seedbeds based on river sand or vermiculite; Keep the bed high humidity after insertion, and often sprinkle water on the ground (but don't sprinkle water) to improve the air humidity. Under the temperature of 18-25℃ and semi-shading, rooting takes about 2-3 weeks. It is also convenient to use high pressure at home and the success rate is high. Selecting biennial branches under high pressure, firstly girdling branches with the width of 1- 1.5 cm; Then wrap wet moss or peat soil around the wound, and finally wrap it tightly with plastic film, and wrap it at the upper and lower ends; 1-2 months later, the rooting branches can be cut off and put into a pot.

When rubber trees are potted, humus soil 1 serving, garden soil 1 serving and river sand 1 serving should be used as culture soil, and a small amount of base fertilizer should be added. It grows very fast in a high temperature and humid environment, and a leaf can be produced every 5- 10 days. In the meantime, we must ensure adequate fertilizer and water. Generally, liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer should be applied 1-2 times a month, while maintaining high soil moisture. After autumn, gradually reduce the number of fertilization and watering to promote plant growth and enrichment, which is conducive to wintering. Rubber trees like strong sunlight, and they should be planted in the sun from spring to autumn throughout the growing season, and also under strong light in winter; However, it is also shade-tolerant, and it is also better to cultivate in indoor weak light. In addition, in order to make the plant grow evenly and ensure a good plant shape, when the seedlings grow to a height of 50-80 cm, they are cored to promote the germination of lateral branches; After the lateral branches grow out, select 3-5 branches, and then cut them short once a year, and after 2-3 years, you can get a complete, round and full plant.

The leaves of rubber trees are thick and beautiful, and the leaves are wide, beautiful and shiny. The red terminal bud is like a cloud, and the stipules are like red tassels hanging upside down after splitting, which is quite charming. It is a famous potted foliage plant with high ornamental value. Rubber trees are sunny but resistant to shade, and have strong adaptability to light, which is very suitable for indoor landscaping. Small and medium-sized plants are often used to beautify the living room and study; Medium and large plants are suitable for layout on both sides of the foyer and the center of the lobby of large buildings, which are magnificent and can reflect the tropical phoenix light.

Prevention and control of anthrax

1. Combined with pruning, diseased branches, diseased leaves and dead branches are removed to reduce germs.

2. Pay attention to light transmission and ventilation on weekdays, don't place it too close, and choose disease-free plants to prune and propagate seedlings.

3. Spraying 1% Bordeaux solution after new buds grow in early spring. Spray 1% bordeaux mixture or lime-sulfur mixture with Baume degree of 0.3 or 0.5% potassium permanganate every half month from June to September. In addition, spray 500-800 times solution of 50% wettable powder such as thiophanate, carbendazim and chlorothalonil in the early stage or early stage.

Prevention and treatment of gray spot disease

September -65438+ 10 is heavier, with small gray spots, which expand into irregular shapes, gray inside and dark brown edges, and the leaves crack and appear black particles in the later stage. Bacteria invade from the wound, and 50% carbendazim 1000 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1200 times can be sprayed at the initial stage of the disease.

Cultivation techniques of Fokienia

The birth of your son, also known as Ardisia crenata root, red umbrella and hundred taels of gold, belongs to the evergreen shrub of Ardisia family, and naturally grows in the undergrowth of valleys or in the damp bushes of hills. Sex likes cool, moist neutral sand, likes thin fertilizer and diligent application, avoids thick fertilizer and is resistant to low temperature. The plant height is 0.4 ~ 1 m, the leaves are alternate, the quality is thick and shiny, the edge is dull, and there are two varieties: red leaves and green leaves. Flowers and fruits in summer, white or pink, arranged in umbels; The fruit is spherical, about the size of a pea, bright red and bright when mature, surrounding the branches. The fruit of last year has not fallen, and it will blossom and bear fruit next year. A tree can enjoy 365 days of fruit, and the red fruit period lasts for 9 months, covering New Year's Day, Spring Festival and the whole spring. Now its production technology is introduced as follows.

breeding method

Generally, sowing or cutting propagation is adopted.

Fukiko seed coat is hard and difficult to absorb water and germinate. It should be ground before sowing, soaked in warm water for one day, and then sown or sown in a seedbed with loose soil. After sowing, cover with a layer of yellow mud and keep it moist. Sowing should be carried out when the temperature rises above 25℃ and the temperature difference between morning and evening is small. It can take root and sprout in about 30 days.

The best cutting time is from late May to mid-June or from late August to early September. Because the temperature is about 25℃ to 30℃, it is most suitable for plant growth.

Selection of cuttings: annual semi-lignified branches and annual branches with strong leaves and no pests and diseases are selected as cuttings. Generally, it will blossom and bear fruit in the second year. Attention should be paid to the drug treatment of cutting injury. After cutting, proper amount of rooting elements can be applied, such as vitamin B 1 and vitamin B 12.

Cuttings can be made of chaff ash or sand. Pay attention to watering and spraying after insertion. Generally, water should be poured 1 2 times a day, and the water content should not be too much, so as to keep the seedbed moist.

Cultivation management

Fukiko is a semi-shade plant, and likes semi-shade, loose soil, well-ventilated and short-day growth environment. If we want to plant Fokiko well, we must create a good environment for it.

Sunshade can be built with plastic shed or sunshade net, and the sunshade rate is required to reach 60% to 90%. In short, it can prevent sun, cool down and humidify.

The cultivated soil can be purchased nutrient soil or self-made nutrient soil. Preparation method: fertile soil (pond mud, humus soil, old garden soil and field soil) 70% ~ 80%, coarse sand 10% ~ 15%, decomposed oil-free sawdust or unburned chaff 10% ~ 15%. In short, nutrient soil should meet the requirements of fertility, looseness and good drainage performance.

Transplanting pots determine the size of flowerpots or nutrient pots (bags) according to the size of flower seedlings. Place the plant in the center of the pot, and then slightly cultivate the soil to make the root system in good contact with the soil. Sprinkle a layer of rough pond mud or moss on the basin soil, and be careful not to exceed the basin surface to prevent the basin soil from hardening when watering and overflowing outside the basin when fertilizing. Put it in a cool shed or in a cool place without sunlight, pour it thoroughly, and take the water discharged from the bottom of the basin as the degree. It can be transferred to normal management after 10 to 15 days.

Watering depends on different seasons, weather changes, the size of flowerpots, the drainage performance of flowerpots and the different placement positions. Water should be watered once every 3 ~ 4 days in spring, once every 0 ~ 2 days in summer and once every 2 ~ 3 days in autumn. Watering time, the temperature is high in summer and autumn, so water should be done in the morning and evening, and it is best to water at noon in winter. In short, we should pay attention to timely and appropriate watering to keep the soil moist, not dry or waterlogged.

Fertilization should be based on the size of flower seedlings, different seasons, and different fruit branches and non-fruit branches. Fukike grows vigorously in summer and autumn, needs more nutrients and can be fertilized more; Plants are basically dormant in winter and early spring, so they can be applied less or not. In short, it is necessary to meet the needs of the growth and development of flower seedlings, and to prevent the plants from growing white and affecting the ornamental value. Therefore, the best way is to apply less concentrated fertilizer, more dilute fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.