Hazards of smog

Regarding the harm of smog, smog is caused by low air pressure in the air, no circulation, many suspended particles, dust flying on the ground and automobile exhaust, and smog produced by factory production or household heating. Let's take a look at the harm of smog.

Haze hazard 1 1, harm to human body:

(1) on the respiratory system.

The composition of smog is very complex, including hundreds of atmospheric chemical particles. Among them, aerosol particles smaller than 10 micron are harmful to health, such as mineral particles, sea salt, sulfate, nitrate, organic aerosol particles, fuel, automobile exhaust, etc., which can directly enter and adhere to human respiratory tract and alveoli. In particular, submicron particles will be deposited in the upper and lower respiratory tract and alveoli respectively, causing acute rhinitis and acute bronchitis. For patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smog weather will make the condition acute or acute. Staying in this environment for a long time will also induce lung cancer.

(2) Effects on cardiovascular system.

Hazy days also have a serious impact on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which will hinder normal blood circulation, lead to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, and may also induce angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and heart failure. And cause pulmonary heart disease in chronic bronchitis.

In addition, when the air pressure is relatively low in foggy weather, people will feel irritable and their blood pressure will naturally rise. On the other hand, in foggy days, the temperature is often low. Some patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease suddenly go from warm indoor to cold outdoor, and blood vessels expand with heat and contract with cold, which will also increase blood pressure, leading to stroke and myocardial infarction. Therefore, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases must take medicine on time and handle it carefully.

(3) Hazy weather will also lead to the weakening of ultraviolet rays in the surface layer, which can enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air and increase infectious diseases.

(4) It is not conducive to children's growth. In foggy days, due to the decrease of sunshine, insufficient ultraviolet radiation for children, insufficient production of vitamin D in the body, and greatly reduced absorption of calcium, rickets in infants and young children will be seriously caused, which will slow down the growth and development of children.

(5) Affect mental health.

Experts point out that continuous foggy days have an impact on people's psychology and body. Psychologically speaking, foggy days will give people a feeling of depression, which will stimulate or aggravate the state of psychological depression. In addition, due to the weak light and low air pressure in foggy days, some people will feel lazy and depressed in foggy days.

(6) affecting reproductive capacity.

Studies have shown that the success rate of sperm in vitro fertilization may be reduced in people who have been exposed to high concentrations of polluted air for a long time. The researchers also found a link between toxic air and the decline of male fertility.

2. Harm to ecological environment and traffic:

(1) affects traffic safety.

In foggy days, due to poor air quality and low visibility, traffic jams and traffic accidents are easily caused. In daily driving, you should observe the road conditions to avoid danger.

(2) Hazy weather is more likely to cause cancer.

In foggy days, the light is seriously insufficient, the ultraviolet rays near the bottom are obviously weakened, and the bacteria in the air are difficult to kill, thus greatly increasing the probability of infectious diseases.

(3) Affect the ecological environment.

Haze weather has an important impact on roads, railways, aviation, shipping, power supply systems and crop growth. Fog and haze will cause air quality decline, affect the ecological environment and bring great harm to human health.

Experts say smog is more likely to cause cancer than smoking.

"Cloudy weather is more likely to cause cancer than cigarettes." Zhong Nanshan, academician of China Academy of Engineering and director of Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, once pointed out at a forum that in the past 30 years, the smoking rate of the public in China has been declining, but the prevalence of lung cancer has increased more than four times. This may be related to the increase in haze days.

Zhong Nanshan emphasized that foggy weather with very low visibility will have an impact on human health. The composition of smog is very complex, including hundreds of atmospheric particles. Among them, aerosol particles with a diameter less than 10 micron are the main hazards to human health, which can directly enter and adhere to the upper and lower respiratory tract and lung lobes of human body, causing rhinitis, bronchitis and other diseases, and can also induce lung cancer in this environment for a long time.

Besides cancer, smog is also a heart killer. Studies have shown that when pollutants in the air deteriorate, the mortality rate of patients with cardiovascular diseases will increase. Particulate pollutants on cloudy days will not only cause myocardial infarction, but also cause myocardial ischemia or injury.

When the smog is shrouded, the air pressure is low and the oxygen content in the air drops, which makes it easy to feel chest tightness. Wet and cold fog and haze can also cause cold stimulation, leading to vasospasm, blood pressure fluctuation and increased heart load. At the same time, some pathogens in smog can cause headaches and even induce diseases such as hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage. People with cardiovascular diseases, especially the elderly and infirm, should never go out in foggy days to avoid accidents.

"The heavily polluted air is low in cleanliness and contains a lot of dust, pollutants and microorganisms, which will stimulate people's respiratory tract." Professor Lin Jiangtao, an expert in respiratory medicine at China-Japan Friendship Hospital, said. Fog has a very strong adsorption force, which can adsorb a large number of toxic acids, alkalis, salts, amines, phenols, pathogenic microorganisms and other substances, and then form a very large fog core, which is easily absorbed by people. These harmful substances will stimulate sensitive parts of the human body and easily induce or aggravate some allergic diseases such as tracheitis, pharyngitis and conjunctivitis.

Five diseases may be related to smog: upper respiratory tract infection and bronchial asthma.

The persistent haze has enveloped more than 65,438+00 provinces in China. Hazy weather, a large number of harmful substances such as dust particles and smoke particles floating in the air will cause harm to the human respiratory tract. There are a lot of particles, dust, pollutants and viruses floating in the air. Once inhaled by the human body, it will stimulate and destroy the respiratory mucosa, dry the nasal cavity, destroy the defense ability of the respiratory mucosa, and bacteria will enter the respiratory tract, which is easy to cause upper respiratory tract infection.

bronchial asthma

The air pollution in foggy days is heavier than usual, and bacteria and viruses often exist in the air, which is easy to lead to the spread of infectious diseases and the occurrence of various diseases. In particular, air pollutants in cities are not easy to spread, which aggravates the toxicity of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and other substances and will seriously threaten people's lives and health. In foggy days, dust and smoke are floating in the air, and dust mites may also be suspended in the fog. Inhalation of these allergens by patients with bronchial asthma will stimulate the respiratory tract and cause asthma symptoms such as cough, sulking and poor breathing.

lung cancer

Professor Kan Haidong from the School of Public Health of Fudan University said that the incubation period of lung cancer ranges from several years to decades, and children's childhood lung cancer may be related to genetic factors and gene mutations. However, compared with adults, children's height determines that they are indeed more susceptible to automobile exhaust and road dust, which is recognized by the medical community. Because children's breathing zone is just close to the height of waste gas, at the same time, children's exposure per unit weight is higher than that of adults, which leads to their higher susceptibility, so they are more susceptible to pollution gases such as waste gas and smog. In addition, children's body organs are not fully developed, and the invasion of polluted gas causes more harm.

conjunctivitis

According to experts, particulate matter attached to the cornea in foggy days may cause keratitis and conjunctivitis, or aggravate the condition of patients with keratitis and conjunctivitis. Patients with keratitis and conjunctivitis have increased significantly, including the elderly and children, as well as office workers who face computers all day. Everyone has the same situation: dry eyes, soreness, tingling, redness and allergies.

Infantile rickets

The Environmental Research Institute of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention spent a year studying the effects of smog on human health.

The preliminary study found that the smog weather not only led to an increase in the incidence/hospitalization rate of respiratory diseases, but also had some indirect effects on human health. Haze will weaken ultraviolet radiation. If smog often occurs, it will affect the synthesis of vitamin D in human body, lead to a high incidence of rickets in children and enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air.

Smoke hazard 3 1, and its influence on respiratory system. The composition of smog is very complex, including hundreds of atmospheric chemical particles. Among them, air-soluble particles with a diameter less than 10 micron, such as mineral particles, are harmful to health and can directly enter the human respiratory tract. In particular, submicron particles will be deposited in the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract respectively, causing diseases. For patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis, smog weather will aggravate their condition.

2. Influence on cardiovascular system. Hazy weather has many pollutants in the air and low air pressure, which is prone to cardiovascular diseases. For example, when the fog is heavy, the water vapor content is high. If people exercise outdoors, the sweat of human body is not easy to be discharged, which causes people to feel chest tightness and blood pressure to rise.

Infectious diseases have increased. Hazy weather will also lead to the weakening of ultraviolet rays in the surface layer, which can enhance the activity in the air and increase infectious diseases.

4. Affect children. Due to the decrease of sunshine in foggy days, children's ultraviolet radiation is insufficient, vitamin D production in the body is insufficient, and the absorption of calcium is greatly reduced.

5. Affect mental health. The gloomy haze weather, due to the weak light and low air pressure, is easy to cause mental laziness, depression, pessimism, and even get out of control at the slightest sign of trouble.

6, affecting traffic safety. In foggy weather, the visibility of the visual field is low and the air quality is poor, which is easy to cause traffic jams and traffic accidents.