Oliver Twist

British novelist Charles John Huffam Dickens (1865438+February 7, 2002 ~ 65438+June 9, 20870) was a famous novelist in Victorian England. His works are still popular today and have played an important role in the development of English literature.

Dickens 18 12 was born in Portsmouth, England. He is the second child of John Dickens and Elizabeth Barlow, naval staff officers. Dickens moved to Chatham when he was 5 years old, and moved to Camden when he was 10 years old.

Dickens received a period of education in a private school when he was a child. However, at the age of 12, Dickens' father was imprisoned due to debt problems, and Dickens was sent to a shoe and oil factory in London as an apprentice, working 10 hours a day. Perhaps it is because of this experience that Dickens' works pay more attention to the living conditions of the working people at the bottom of society.

But later, because his father inherited an inheritance, the family's economic situation improved, and Dickens had the opportunity to return to school. /kloc-graduated from Wellington College at the age of 0/5, then worked in a law firm, and later transferred to a newspaper to become a reporter covering parliamentary debates. Dickens didn't receive much formal education, and he was basically self-taught.

2. Novel analysis

Dickens mercilessly exposed and castigated the darkness and hypocrisy of capitalist society in his novels. 1838 and 1839, he published Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nichobe, describing the miserable life of poor children in capitalist society and exposing the darkness of poor workhouses and school education. Dickens is one of the greatest British novelists and an outstanding representative of English realistic literature, which has had a great influence on world literature.

Oliver Twist is Dickens' second novel. The 25-year-old novelist is determined to pay tribute to the British realist painter William? William hogarth (1697- 1764) set an example and bravely faced life, which truly showed the miserable life in the slums of London at that time. He has a lofty moral intention: to protest against social injustice, arouse public opinion, carry out reforms and help the poor in dire straits. Because of this, Dickens has been defined by scholars in China and the former Soviet Union as "the founder and the greatest representative of critical realism in English literature". In this regard, I have some different opinions: literature and art is a special social ideology, and it must be a reflection of social existence. However, we must not regard all the literature that reflects reality as realistic literature, and expand the extension of "realism" indefinitely. In fact, the creative methods used by writers vary from person to person, which is closely related to the writer's special temperament and personality characteristics. Dickens' creative imagination is rich and full of poetic passion. He deliberately exaggerates his moral ideal, breaks through the faithful imitation of nature everywhere, and borrows a sentence from Goethe: higher than nature. This is related to Thackeray, Trollope and others' insistence on objectivity. There is a significant difference between calm and strict realism.

Take Oliver Twist as an example. (1) Personalized language is an excellent means used by Dickens in characterization. The language of hooligans, thieves and prostitutes in the book is commensurate with their status, and even uses industry slang. However, Dickens never copied naturalism, but processed, refined and selected it to avoid using dirty and obscene words. Oliver, the hero, has a standard language and elegant speech. He doesn't even know what stealing is. He is an orphan who grew up in a poor school. He has no good education, and he is in contact with evil and degenerate people. How can he speak such good English? This can't be explained by the viewpoint of historical materialism that man is the sum of all social relations. It can be seen that Dickens focused on his own moral ideals rather than pursuing complete realism. (2) In excellent realistic novels, the storyline is often the development history of the character's character under the influence of the environment, that is, Gorky said "the history of a certain character, typical growth and composition". However, Dickens did not stick to any model, and arranged as many coincidences as he wanted. Oliver went shopping with thieves for the first time. The first person who was robbed happened to be Brown Rowe, a good friend of his dead father. The second time was robbed by the gangster Sikes, and it happened that his menstrual Ruth was stolen? This is unreasonable under any circumstances. But Dickens has his own genius. His detailed description is full of life breath and passion, which makes people breathless, so they have to believe this far-fetched and unnatural plot. This is the charm of Dickens' art world. (3) When Dickens wrote, he always had a "sympathetic imagination", even for the heinous characters. The trial of Fagin, the thief leader and the old Jew in the book, always starts from Fagin's psychological point of view. He saw the floor from the ceiling and his eyes were fixed on him. He heard the statement of his crime, and he turned his pleading eyes to the lawyer, hoping to defend him. Some people in the crowd are eating, some are fanning with handkerchiefs, and a young painter is sketching him. He thought, I wonder if it looks like it. I really want to cran my neck to have a look ... a gentleman went out and came in again. I must have gone to dinner, he thought. What did I eat? Seeing the spike on the iron railing, he thought, it is easy to break. From then on, he thought of the gallows. At this time, he heard that he had been hanged. He just mumbled that he was getting older, and then he couldn't make any noise. Here, Dickens carefully chose a series of details, which not only described the objective things, but also cut into the inner world of the characters, showing his extremely rich imagination. The artistic method he adopted cannot be generalized by "critical realism". I admire George Gissing (1857- 1903), an English writer and expert on Dickens. He called Dickens' creative method "romantic realism". I think this statement is accurate enough and conforms to the reality of Dickens' novel art.

Oliver Twist, the hero of the novel, is an orphan born in a workhouse. He was hungry and bullied. He fled to London alone because of the abuse of Bambur, the owner of the coffin shop and the parish deacon. Unfortunately, he was tricked into a thief's den as soon as he arrived. Fagin, the leader of the thief gang, tried his best to train Oliver as a pickpocket and let him drive. Oliver stole a handkerchief from a gentleman named Brownlow (who happened to be his father's good friend) when he followed the thief's companion "a clever guy" and Bates to the street, and was arrested by the police. Later, because the owner of the book stall proved his innocence, it showed that the thief was someone else, so he was released. Because he was very ill and delirious at that time, and his appearance resembled the portrait of a young woman left by a friend before his death, Brownlow took him in for treatment at home, and he was taken care of by Brownlow and his housekeeper, Mrs. Bidwin, and felt the warmth of the world for the first time. The thieves' gang was afraid that Oliver would reveal the secrets of the gang. Under Fagin's instructions, when Oliver went out to return the bookseller's books for Brownlow, Sikes and Nancy tried their best to get him back to the thief's den. But when Fagin tried to punish Oliver for beating him up, Nancy stepped forward to protect Oliver. Fagin tried to force Oliver to become a thief and a cash cow by threats, inducements and indoctrination. One night, Oliver was involved in the theft of a big house under the coercion of Sikes. Just as Oliver climbed into the window to report to his master, he was shot and wounded by the housekeeper. The thief ran away and abandoned Oliver in the ditch by the side of the road. Oliver crawled in the rain and snow and got hurt. He accidentally went back to the house and fainted at the door. Mrs. Merry, the kind master, and her adopted daughter, Miss Ross, took him in and sheltered him. Coincidentally, this Miss Rose is Oliver's menstruation, but neither side knows it. At Mrs. Merry's house, Oliver really enjoyed the warmth and beauty of life. But Fagin and his gang couldn't let Oliver go. One day, a man named monks came to Fagin. This man is Oliver's half brother. Because Oliver was unworthy, his father gave him all his inheritance in his will. Only when Oliver and the monk are the same black sheep can the monk inherit the inheritance. So monks paid a high price to bribe him and turned Oliver into a hopeless criminal, so as to seize all the inheritance under Oliver's name and vent his resentment against his dead father. Nancy heard monks's triumphant story about how he colluded with Bumble and his wife to destroy the only evidence that could prove Oliver's identity. Nancy was brave, sympathized with Oliver's experience, risked her life, secretly found Miss Ross and reported all this to her.

Just as Miss Rose was thinking about how to act, Oliver told her that he had found Mr. Brownlow. Miss Ross and Brownlow discussed how to deal with this matter. When Miss Ross met Nancy again accompanied by Brownlow, Brownlow learned that monks was his late good friend Edwin. Leward's black sheep decided to talk to Monks himself, but their conversation was heard by the spies sent by Fagin. Sikes killed Nancy in cold blood. Nancy's death destroyed Fagin's gang. Fagin was arrested and hanged, while Sikes slipped and was strangled by his own rope. At the same time, monks was taken home by Brownlow, forcing him to give up everything. The truth came out that Oliver was adopted by Brownlow, ending his miserable childhood. In order to give monks a new chance, he got half of the inheritance that should have belonged to Oliver. However, the monk did not change his bad habits, squandered his property, continued to do evil, and finally went to prison and died in prison. Bourgh, who deserves what he deserves, was deprived of all his posts and spent the rest of his life in the workhouse, where they once bullied others.

In this book, Oliver, Nancy and Miss Ross are all representatives of kindness. They were all born in misery and grew up in a dark and sinful world, but they always kept a pure world and a kind heart in their hearts. All kinds of hardships can't make them degenerate or completely degenerate, but they show their dazzling crystal quality. In the end, evil prevailed over evil. Although Nancy was finally killed, it was her death that summoned the earth-shattering power of social justice, and it was her spirit in heaven that doomed the representative of evil forces-Fagin Gang. Therefore, in the novel, Nancy's spirit is sublimated, and Oliver is rewarded in a typical sense. The representatives of the wicked-Fagin, monks, Bambur and Essex all came to a tragic end.

3. Chinese translation

The best Chinese translation of this book is Rong Rude 1984, published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House.

Yurong rudely translated:

Librarian of Shanghai Institute of Literature and History, engaged in Russian and English translation. The main translated works are Oliver Twist by Dickens, Treasure Island by Stevenson, The Portrait of Dorian gray by Wilde, The World of Flowers by Thackeray, brothers karamazov by Dostoevsky, Idiot and White Night.

Name of Series: Famous Translation Illustrations

Publishing House: People's Literature Publishing House

Release date: June 2008-1

Page count: 437 pages

Folio: 32 folio

Industrial and commercial bank number: 978702007 1 180

Category: books >> novels >> world masterpieces >> Europe.

Pricing: ￥23.00

brief Introduction of the content

Oliver Twist tells the tragic story and experience of an orphan, with London in the fog as the background. Oliver, the protagonist, grew up in an orphanage, experienced an apprenticeship, fled hard, strayed into a thief's den, and was forced to associate with vicious murderers. Finally, with the help of good people, he found out his story and got happiness.

The novel describes the struggle between good and evil, beauty and ugliness, justice and evil, praises people's innate integrity and kindness, and also exposes and criticizes the hypocrisy of British charities and the tyranny of security police at that time. At the same time, the works have a strong romantic sentiment and are full of humanitarian feelings.

Dickens (18 12- 1870) was born in a poor family in England, and his father was a naval clerk. At the age of 10, the Dickens were forced to move to the debtor's prison, and at the age of 1 1, they began to undertake heavy housework. Dickens' first novel The Story of Pickwick was an amazing success. 1836 In the second half of the year, he was the editor-in-chief of Bentley magazine at the age of 25.1838+finished the novel Oliver Twist in June 2000.

This book is completely faithful to the original, with fluent and accurate language, vivid plot and exquisite illustrations. I believe that young friends will definitely put it down when they pick up this book.

Library catalogue

The first chapter is about the birthplace of Oliver Twist and his birth scene.

Chapter two: The growth, education and board of directors of Oliver Twist.

The third chapter is about how Oliver Twist almost got a job, but it won't be a free job.

Chapter four Oliver found another job and entered social life for the first time.

Chapter five Oliver made some new friends. Attending the funeral for the first time, I was not interested in his master's affairs.

Chapter six Oliver was angered by Noah and rose up to resist, which made him panic.

Chapter 7 Oliver is still out of control

Chapter 8 Oliver went to London on foot. I met a strange young gentleman on the road.

Chapter 9 further introduces the Happy Old Man and his promising disciples.

Chapter 10 Oliver has a further understanding of the temperament of some of his new friends; He bought an experience at a high price. This chapter is short, but it is very important in this biography.

Chapter 1 1 introduces Mr. Fan, the police chief, and illustrates a highlight of judicial work with examples.

Chapter 12 In this chapter, Oliver is taken care of with unprecedented enthusiasm. At the same time, this chapter will also talk about the happy old gentleman and some of his young friends.

Chapter 13 Smart readers will make some new friends here and learn some interesting plots about them related to this story.

Chapter 14 This chapter will further describe Oliver's experience in Mr. Brownlow's house and a strange prediction made by a gentleman named Grimwig when Oliver was on a business trip.

Chapter 15 shows how the happy Jewish old man and Miss Nancy like Oliver Twist.

Chapter 16 tells what happened after Oliver Twist was taken away by Nancy.

Chapter 17 Oliver is still unlucky. A great man came to London to slander him.

Chapter 18 How did Oliver spend his time among his respectable friends?

Chapter 19 discussed a major plan in this chapter and decided to put it into practice.

Chapter 20 Oliver was sent to the home of Mr. William Sikes

Chapter 21 Dispatch

Chapter 22 Breaking into houses and stealing

Chapter 23 This chapter includes the basic contents of a pleasant conversation between Mr. Bambo and a wife, which shows that even a parish steward sometimes has feelings.

……

4. book excerpts

"Trouble!" Oliver said loudly, "Oh! Dear miss, I hope I can work for you. As long as it makes you happy, water your flowers or watch your birds, or run up and down all day to make you happy, whatever. "

"Nothing," said Miss Mele with a smile. "I told you before, we have a lot of things for you to do. Even if you can only do half of what you promised, you really make me happy. "

"Happy, Miss." Oliver cried, "it's very kind of you to say so."

"I don't know how happy I am," the girl replied. "I have an indescribable joy at the thought that my dear aunt helped save a person from the tragic experience you described to us. You really can't imagine how happy I am to know that the people she cares about and sympathizes with are sincerely grateful. Do you understand what I mean? " She looked at Oliver's thoughtful face and asked.

"Well, yes, miss, I understand." Oliver replied eagerly, "but I was thinking, I'm a little ungrateful."

"To whom?" The girl asked.

"The kind gentleman and the dear old lady used to be very kind to me," Oliver replied. "If they know how happy I am now, they will be very happy, I can assure you."

"They will be happy," said Oliver's mistress. "Mr rosebery is really a good man. He promised to take you to see them once you are well enough to travel. "

"Really, miss?" Oliver was overjoyed and couldn't help but let out a cry. "When I see their kind faces again, I really don't know what I will be happy about."

Oliver's health recovered quickly, and he could bear the long journey. Sure enough, one morning, he and Mr. rosebery set off in Mrs. Melly's small carriage. When the car reached Gatsby Bridge, Oliver turned pale and let out a cry.

"What happened to the child?" As usual, the doctor became nervous again and asked loudly, "Did you see anything-hear anything-feel anything-oh?"

"There, sir," Oliver shouted, pointing out of the window. "That house."

"Yes, what does that have to do? Stop the car. Stop here, "shouted the doctor. "Honey, what happened to that house, huh?"

"Those thieves-that's the house they took me to." Oliver whispered.

"Go to hell!" The doctor shouted, "Aha, there it is! I want to get off! "

However, before the driver jumped off the seat, the doctor managed to climb out of the car. He ran to the abandoned house and began to kick the door like a madman.

"hello?" An ugly hunchbacked man suddenly opened the door and said. The doctor almost fell down in the aisle because his last foot was too hard. "What's the matter?"

"What is it!" The man shouted and grabbed the man by the collar without thinking. "There are many things. Robbery. "

"There will be another murder," the hunchback replied coldly. "If you don't lose your hand. Did you hear that? "

"Ask me if I heard you," said the doctor, shaking the prisoner hard. "Where-what's that damn guy's name again-Sykes, by the way, where is Sykes, you thief?"

The hunchback man's eyes widened as if he were extremely surprised and indignant. Then he deftly broke away from the doctor's hand, growled a terrible curse and retreated to the room. However, before he could close the door, the doctor broke into a room without saying anything. He looked around anxiously: not a piece of furniture, not a thing, whether living or inanimate, can meet Oliver's description, and even the cabinet is in the wrong position.

"Hey," said the hunchback who had been keeping a close eye on the doctor, "what do you want to do by breaking into my house so rudely? Do you want to rob me or kill me? What kind is it? "

"Have you ever seen a man go out in a double carriage to kill and rob things, you ridiculous old vampire?" The impatient doctor said.

"Then what do you want to do?" Humpback whale asked, "If you don't go out, don't blame me for being rude!" " Fuck you! "

I'll leave when I think it's right,' said Mr. rosebery, looking at another room, which is the same as the one in front, and completely different from what Oliver said. "I will find you one day, my friend."

"Can you do that?" The ugly camel smiled coldly. "Whenever you want to see me, I am here. I have lived in this place for 25 years. I'm not crazy, and I'm not the only one who is afraid of you. You will pay the price, you will pay the price. " At some point, the clown gave a howl and jumped up and down on the ground as if he had lost his normal state.

"That's stupid, too," he said to himself. "The child must be mistaken. Here, put this in your pocket and lock yourself up. " With these words, he threw a bill to the hunchback and returned to the carriage.

Humpback man followed him to the front of the car door, giving out countless most savage curses and curses all the way. However, just as Mr. rosebery turned to talk to the coachman, he looked into the carriage with his probe, and suddenly he took a look at Oliver. His eyes are so sharp and aggressive, and at the same time so fierce and hostile that Oliver will never forget them in the next few months, whether he is awake or asleep. Until the driver returned to his seat, the man kept swearing. When they set foot on the journey again, they could still see him stamping his feet and pulling the hair behind him. Whether it was true or not, he was furious.

"I'm such an idiot," said the doctor after a long silence. "Did you know before, Oliver?"

I don't know, sir.

"Don't forget next time."

"Fool," the doctor fell silent again. After a few minutes, he added, "Even if I find the right place and it's those guys, what can I do alone? Even if it helps, I can't see any results, I will only make a fool of myself and have to give up the story I covered up in the past. I really deserve it anyway. I always get up on impulse and put myself in a dilemma. This should teach me a lesson. "

In fact, this excellent doctor has been acting on impulse all his life. Here, he can say a harmless compliment to all the impulses that dominate him. He didn't get involved in anything particularly troublesome or unlucky, but he got extremely sincere admiration and respect from all who knew him. To be realistic, he is a little angry at the moment, and he has been disappointed for a minute or two. He really wanted to get definite evidence about Oliver's life, but the first opportunity he met fell through. However, he soon returned to his normal state and found that Oliver was still honest and consistent in answering his cross-examination, obviously as sincere and frank as ever. He made up his mind to believe his words completely from now on.

Because Oliver knows the name of the street where Mr. Brown lives, they can drive directly there. The carriage turned into the street, and his heart was beating so violently that he could hardly breathe.

"Come on, my child, which house is it?" Mr rosebery asked.

"That one. That. " Oliver replied, pointing eagerly out of the window. "The White House. Uh, let's go. Drive faster. I feel that I am going to die, and I have been shaking. "

"Here we are, here we are." The kind doctor patted him on the shoulder and said, "You will see them soon. They will be overjoyed to see that you are safe. "

"well! I hope so! " Oliver said loudly, "They are so good to me, very, very good."

The carriage moved forward and stopped. No, not this house, but next door. The car drove a few more steps and stopped again. Oliver looked up at the window, tears streaming down his cheeks, expecting with joy.

God, the white house is empty, and there is a poster on the window sash: "Rent".

"Knock on the neighbor's door." Mr. rosebery grabbed Oliver's arm and shouted. "Do you know where Mr. Brownlow, who used to live next door, went?"

The maid next door doesn't know, but she is willing to go back and ask. She came back soon and said that Mr. Brown had sold his goods and went to the West Indies six weeks ago. Oliver crossed his fingers, leaned back and collapsed to the ground.

"His housekeeper is gone, too?" Mr rosebery hesitated and asked.

"Yes, sir," replied the maid. "The old man, the housekeeper and a gentleman are friends of Mr. Brown. They left together."

"Then turn around and go home," Mr. rosebery said to the coachman. "Don't stop to feed the horses before we leave this damn city of London."

"Go to the bookstore, will you, sir?" Oliver said, "I know the way there. Go and meet him, sir. Go and meet him. "

"My poor child, this day has been disappointing enough," said the doctor. "We've both had enough. If we go to the bookseller, we will find him dead, or we will set fire to our house or run away. No, go home. " Driven by the doctor, they went home.

This disappointing search happened at a moment when Oliver was filled with joy, which made him very sorry and sad. During his illness, he happily thought for countless times about what Mr. Brown Rowe and Mrs. Bedwin were going to tell him, and he would tell them himself. How many long days and nights, he is remembering what they have done for him, regretting being separated from them and telling them how comfortable it should be. One day, I can wash the dirt off myself in front of them and explain how I was kidnapped. This hope inspired him and supported him to survive the tests again and again recently. Now, they have come so far and left with the belief that he is a liar and a robber-their belief may not be justified until the day he dies-and he can hardly stand the idea.

However, this situation has not changed the attitude of several of his benefactors at all. Two weeks later, the warm and sunny weather began to stabilize, and flowers and trees grew green leaves and bright flowers. At this time, they are ready to leave the house where they have lived in Jetz for several months. They sent the tableware that Fagin once coveted to the bank for safekeeping, leaving Kelsey and another servant to look after the house, and took Oliver to a country house in the distance.

The sickly child came to the countryside in the mainland, breathing the fragrant air and being in the dense forest of green hills. Who can describe the happiness, joy, peace and tranquility he feels? Who can tell clearly how this peaceful and quiet scenery is reflected in the hearts of people who stick to the downtown area, and how to deeply inject their vitality into their tired hearts! People live in crowded and narrow streets and have worked hard all their lives. They never want to change their environment-habit has indeed become their second nature, and they almost fall in love with every brick and stone that constitutes the narrow world where they walk every day-even when death reaches out to them, they will finally wake up and long to see the face of nature. Once they broke away from the old joys and sorrows, it seems that they immediately entered a brand-new world. Day after day, they slowly walked towards the sunny green grassland. When they saw the sky, hills, plains, lakes and Shui Ying, they awakened their memories. They only need to taste the taste of heaven in advance, and they can heal the pain of rapid decline. They entered the grave quietly like the sunset in the west. A few hours ago, they were alone in the bedroom window, watching the afterglow of the sunset slowly disappear in their dim eyes. The memory evoked by the quiet mountain village does not belong to this world, nor to the will and hope of this world. These memories will gently infect us and teach us how to weave bright wreaths and put them on the graves of our loved ones; It can purify our hearts and overwhelm old resentments. However, under all this, even the most numb mind in every heart, a vague and not yet fully formed consciousness, had this feeling consciousness a long time ago, which always lingers, enlightening people to pay serious attention to the distant future and put pride and vulgar thoughts under it. (Chapter 32)

5. Reading novels online

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