Classification of sea turtles

Because there is only one picture uploaded, I uploaded this seven turtles. Four species: Chinese grass turtle \ Chinese flower turtle \ Brazilian turtle \ model crocodile.

Turtle (Chinemys? reevesii)？

Turtles and tortoises are a group of reptiles that evolved around crustaceans. Turtles were first discovered in the early Triassic, when they had fully developed crustaceans. Early turtles may not be able to retract their heads and limbs into their shells as they do today. Simply put, turtles are aquatic animals, while tortoises are terrestrial animals. Turtles have lived on the earth for tens of thousands of years, and they are animals of the same period as dinosaurs. ?

Turtles, also known as scarabs, grass turtles, mud turtles and mountain turtles, belong to Reptiles, Turtles and Turtles in animal taxonomy, and are one of the most common turtles. Turtles are distributed almost everywhere in China, but the yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is higher. It is also produced in all parts of Guangxi, especially in the southeast and south of Guangxi. Foreign countries are mainly distributed in Japan, Brazil and North Korea. ?

The tortoise shell is slightly flat, and the dorsal abdominal shell is fixed. The back shell is 65,438+00-65,438+02 cm long and 65,438+05 cm wide with three vertical ridges. There are yellow linear stripes on the side of the head and neck, slightly flat limbs, webbed fingers and toes, and claws at the end of toes except the fifth hind limb. ?

Turtles generally live in rivers, lakes, swamps, reservoirs and mountain streams, and sometimes they go ashore. In the natural environment, turtles feed on worms, snails, shrimps and small fish, and also eat the stems and leaves of plants. The tortoise is a kind of temperature-changing animal. In winter, or when the temperature is low for a long time, turtles hibernate. Different kinds of turtles have different body temperatures, but generally hibernate at 10 ~ 15℃. At this time, the tortoise will shrink in its shell for a long time and hardly move. At the same time, its breathing times will be reduced, its body temperature will be lowered, the speed of blood circulation and metabolism will be slowed down, and the consumption of nutrients will be relatively reduced. This state is similar to sleep, but it is a deep sleep for several months, even showing a slight paralysis. ?

In addition, turtles also have the following characteristics: low reproduction rate and slow growth. A turtle weighing about 500 grams, fed for one year, only gains about 100 grams. But the tortoise has a strong hunger tolerance, and it is not easy to starve to death even if it is deprived of food for several months. Strong disease resistance and high survival rate. Therefore, turtles are relatively easy to raise artificially and are also popular pets. ?

1. Feeding method?

There are many ways to raise turtles artificially, such as pond culture, tank culture, wooden basin culture and reservoir pond culture. Each way has its own advantages and disadvantages, so you can choose according to local conditions. For general professional households and small-scale farms, it is better to build pond culture because of its convenient management and great economic benefits. ?

Construction of breeding ponds: Young turtle ponds and breeding ponds can be constructed according to the specifications and methods of scarab young turtle ponds and breeding ponds. Adult turtle ponds are similar to those of scarabs, but the area can be larger to breed more turtles. If the adult turtle pond is large, mixed culture of fish and turtles can be carried out, and some herbivorous and filter-feeding fish can be raised in the pond to improve the comprehensive economic benefits of breeding. It should be noted that turtles can also make holes and escape easily, so the wall base of the fence should be about 50 cm underground. ?

2. Turtle feed and feeding?

There are many kinds of food for turtles, including rice, wheat, peas, small fish, shrimp, insects, snails, refined pork, etc. Among them, the favorite food is small fish, refined pork and corn. In artificial feeding, in order to meet all kinds of nutrients needed for turtle growth and avoid poor growth and anorexia caused by single feed, various feeds should be adopted, such as fish, shrimp, snails and mussels in animal feed and rice, wheat and corn in plant feed. In order for turtles to fully digest these feeds, corn and peas need to be crushed and soaked for about 2 hours before feeding, and other large pieces of food must be chopped before feeding. It should also be noted that in different periods of turtle growth, feed containing different nutrients should be given according to its growth characteristics. ?

The turtle's life is closely related to the climate, and it begins to eat at the beginning of April every year. From June to August, the feeding activity reached its peak and the weight gain rate was the fastest. 5438+ 10 After the temperature gradually dropped in June, its food intake began to decline. When the temperature drops below 10 degrees Celsius, stop eating and enter the hibernation period. Therefore, turtles should be reared according to their growth characteristics, and the general requirements are as follows:

(1) timing. The temperature is low in spring and autumn, and the tortoise is inactive in the morning and evening. It only feeds around noon, so it is more appropriate to feed at 8-9 am. From Grain Rain to the autumnal equinox is the peak season for turtles to feed, and it is in summer. Generally speaking, soft-shelled turtles are inactive at noon, and they are usually fed in the afternoon 17- 19, so it is more appropriate to feed in the afternoon 16- 17. Timing can make turtles eat on time, get more nutrition and ensure fresh feed. ?

(2) positioning. Fixed feeding points should be set up along the edge of the pool, and the feeding platform of the feeding point should be close to the water surface, which is convenient for turtles to swallow water and bite. The purpose of feeding the turtles in a fixed position is to make them form a habit, so that they can find food conveniently, and at the same time, it is convenient to observe the activities of the turtles and check their feeding situation. ?

(3) Qualitative judgment. The feed should be kept fresh, and the leftover food should be removed in time after feeding to prevent the feed from rotting and stinking, affecting the appetite of turtles and polluting the water quality. ?

(4) quantitative. The feeding amount of feed depends on the temperature, water quality, the appetite and activity of soft-shelled turtle, and also depends on the appetite and activity, and it is advisable to have a little surplus in the meal. Generally, feed for one or two days 1 time.

3. Feeding of young turtles?

The newly hatched young turtles are weak in physique, gastrointestinal function and digestive ability, so they should not be put into the culture pond immediately. They should be carefully fed and cared for for for a period of time to improve the survival rate of young turtles. ?

The feeding and nursing principles of young turtles are: 1. Do a good job of cleaning and hygiene to prevent turtles from getting sick. 2. Control the appropriate temperature and astringency to facilitate its normal growth. 3. Young turtles gradually adapt to the external environment and eat by themselves. The specific method is: first, put the larvae in a small glass box and let them crawl for 3-5 hours. After the umbilical cord of the larvae dries and converges, soak it in 0.6% physiological saline for a while, disinfect it, and then put it in an indoor glass box or wooden basin for feeding. Never use your hands to break the umbilical cord of the young turtle, which will cause casualties of the young turtle. Change the water 1-2 times a day in the turtle breeding box, and strictly control the water temperature at 25-30 degrees Celsius. When the weather is hot, it is necessary to spray water into the breeding box many times to adjust the temperature and increase the oxygen in the water, so that the young turtles can grow normally under suitable conditions. Young turtles that have just hatched 1-2 days need not be fed. After 2 days, they will start to feed a small amount of grain feed, and then feed a small amount of mixed feed such as cooked eggs, ground fish and shrimp, frog meat, pumpkin and sweet potato. After 7 days' rearing, the young turtles are strong and can be transferred to outdoor breeding ponds for breeding. ?

4. What should I pay attention to when raising turtles?

(1) Young turtles, adult turtles and parent turtles should be raised in separate ponds to avoid the phenomenon that turtles swallow young turtles, and at the same time, it is convenient to determine the feed dosage and feed management. It is convenient to observe and master the growth of turtles. ?

(2) Because turtles are gentle and timid, they should keep quiet around the culture pond to avoid affecting their normal activities such as foraging, sunbathing, mating and spawning. ?

(3) Change the water in the feeding pond frequently, keep the water clean, do a good job in the hygiene of the feeding pond, and prevent the turtle from getting sick. ?

(4) The sand in the open space between the pool and the fence should keep a certain humidity. Some cooling measures should be taken in midsummer, such as sprinkling water and planting some small shrubs. ?

(5) Before the hibernation period, check the growth of the turtle, increase the feed for the weak, and feed the turtle more feed that he likes to eat, so that the turtle can store a lot of nutrients, thrive and overwinter safely. ?

(6) Some turtles didn't know how to eat when they were young. At this time, you can grab its left paw, pull it out, and then grab its right paw. When two turtles are pulled together slightly, it will stick its head out and gently pinch its head left and right. When it opens its mouth, it will know what to eat. In the future, the food you put in will take two bites.

5. Hibernation management?

Turtle is a temperature-changing animal, and its life is greatly affected by the environmental temperature. 165438+ 10 to March of the following year, when the temperature is below 10℃, the turtle is still lying in the mud at the bottom of the pond or in the loose soil covered with straw, and hibernates without eating, at this time its newborn metabolism is very slow and weak. It was not until the temperature rose above l5℃ in early April that the tortoise began to resume its activities and ate a lot? Therefore, there is no need to feed food or change water when hibernating. The main work in this period is to keep warm, such as covering the open space around the pool and between the pool and the fence with straw; The second is to prevent tortoises from being attacked by natural enemies. ?

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