What climate type does Qingdao belong to?

I. Climate characteristics

1, temperature

Although there is no intense heat in Qingdao, it is very cold in winter, and the annual average temperature in Qingdao is 12.3℃, which is quite suitable. The coldest month in a year is 65438+ 10, with an average temperature of -0.9℃. August is the hottest, with an average temperature of 25.3℃. The extreme minimum temperature in the last century was-193 1 year 1 month 1 day, and the extreme maximum temperature appeared on July 15, 2002, and the maximum temperature reached 38.9℃. The daily temperature difference in Qingdao is very small. Characterized by a maritime climate.

Step 2 precipitate

The average annual rainfall in Qingdao is 680.5mm, the annual rainfall is concentrated in July and August, and the average rainfall in February is 303. 1mm, accounting for 45% of the total annual rainfall. The average rainfall in the whole winter is 34mm, and the rainfall in 65438+February is the least, only 9.8 mm In the past hundred years, there have been two years (19 1 1 and 1926) with extremely heavy rainfall, with the former being 1272.7mm and the latter being. 1899 and 1920 have the least rainfall, both below 400mm, which is only half of the annual rainfall. Drought and flood years in Qingdao are rare, but the rainfall in each season is obviously uneven in time and space. Or the lack of spring rain affects the wheat harvest, or the summer rainstorm causes flash floods.

The rainfall in 1899 is less than 25mm in the whole spring, while in 1926, there are frequent rainstorms in July and August, and the rainfall in two months is 78 1.3mm, which exceeds the annual average rainfall, which is an obvious example of less spring rain and more summer rain.

The rainstorm in Qingdao is rare. On September 1928+07, the daily rainfall of typhoon rainstorm was 225.4mm, and the maximum rainfall 1 hour reached 60.6mm, all of which set a record.

Even rainy weather is extremely rare in Qingdao. On July 19 10-23, 2007, it rained continuously for 14 days, which is the longest continuous rainy period in a hundred years.

3. Pressure and wind

Qingdao has a maritime monsoon climate, which is influenced by the cold high from Siberia in winter and controlled by the western Pacific subtropical high in summer. They are semi-permanent heights with different properties. Since mid-March, due to the cold and high pressure staying at sea, the city has maintained a stable southeast flow field, mainly southeast wind. Since autumn, the polar cold air has been active, and the northbound wind is dominant again.

Affected by the terrain, there are two winds in the southeast and northwest all the year round in our city. The annual average wind speed is 4.9m/s, and the monthly average wind speed is 5.6m/s in March and 4. 1m/s in September. The strongest average wind speed in the last century 1923,165438+1October 24th, the west wind in the northwest was 32.4m/s, and the instantaneous maximum wind speed was pushed to the east wind in the northeast first 1939. The former was affected by the cold wave, and the latter was a typhoon.

Second, light energy resources.

Generally speaking, clouds are inversely proportional to sunshine, in other words, more clouds, less sunshine and less clouds will increase sunshine. The average annual sunshine hours in Qingdao are 254 1. 1 hour. In recent hundred years, the sunshine hours 1.968 is the most, reaching 283 1.5 hours, and the sunshine hours 1.954 is the least, only 1.945 hours.

Qingdao has the most sunshine hours in May, accounting for 257.2 hours. /kloc-more than 0/0 month, 244.8 hours; February minimum 178.5 hours, February minimum 189.5 hours. However, the sunshine percentage is 70% in June 5438+ 10, and 65% in June 5438+065438+ 10. The lowest in July is 44%; June and August were the second, accounting for 52% and 53% respectively. Therefore, Qingdao's "autumn crisp" is well deserved; In June and July when sea fog is prevalent, low clouds are often formed due to the rise of sea fog, so the sunshine percentage in June and July decreases due to the increase of clouds.

Third, heat resources.

Qingdao is located in the transitional zone between subtropical zone and temperate zone, which has the characteristics of monsoon climate and marine climate. Qingdao has the longest winter, comparable to Beijing. The temperature rises slowly in spring and lasts for a long time, second only to winter. Summer is shorter and cooler; Autumn is the shortest, too soon. Several waves of cold waves hit and quickly turned into winter.

According to the average temperature, the spring in Qingdao starts from April 16 and ends on June 30, lasting 76 days. Summer begins in July 1 and ends in September 10, totaling 72 days. Autumn begins in September 1 1 and ends in September110, which is 6 1 day. Winter begins in September 1 1 1 and ends in April 65438.

On average, the lowest temperature in Qingdao is below 0℃ from165438+1October 22nd, and the freezing time lasts * * * for125th day. From March 26th, the whole city bid farewell to freezing. The average number of days with the highest temperature above 30℃ in a year in Qingdao is 1 1.8 days, of which 9.4 days are concentrated in July and August.

During the three months and nine days from June 16 to September 25, the average temperature in Qingdao is above 20.0℃, which is beneficial to the growth and development of crops. Among them, during the 25 days from July 26th to August 20th, the average climate temperature in Qingdao was higher than 25℃, which was the fastest growth of suitable crops.

Four. Agroclimatic disasters

The main agricultural disasters in Qingdao are typhoons and storm surges caused by them, as well as droughts and floods, cold waves, strong winds, hail, dry and hot winds, tornadoes and agricultural pests and diseases.

1, typhoon and its storm surge disaster

In the past 49 years, there have been 13 disasters in astronomical tide caused by typhoons and astronomical tide. Only three kinds of typhoon and storm surge disasters with the greatest impact are listed.

1. The typhoon center hit Qingdao in 1939.

On August 3 1 39, the typhoon center landed in Qingdao, with an average wind speed of 29.0m/s and an instantaneous maximum wind speed of 40.3 m/s. The storm was as violent as a tsunami landslide. The wind speed above 130mm/s lasts10h, and the total rainfall is 65438+.

B.1No.9 typhoon in 985

1August, 985 19, Typhoon No.9 caused a gale of magnitude 10 in Qingdao, with gusts exceeding magnitude 12, rainfall reaching 254.6 mm, and seawater flooded the aquaculture area, causing 29 deaths and economic losses of 500 million yuan.

C1Typhoon 997 1 1

1997, typhoon 1 1 passed through six coastal provinces and two cities in China. On August 20th, our city caused a severe storm surge. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the highest water level in Qingdao is 55 1 cm, and the offshore wave height is six meters. The shallow sea aquaculture industry suffered heavy losses, with casualties 10 and direct economic losses of 900 million yuan.

2. Hail

The annual average number of hail days in Qingdao is only 0.8 days, which first appeared in March and ended in 65438+ 10. 1 year, with the most hailstorms in May.

3. Frost

The average number of frost days in Qingdao is 46 days. 4 days, and the frostiest year (1964- 1965) is 8 1 day. The minimum year (1948- 1949) is only 12 days. The average sunrise of the first frost in Qingdao is now1October 1 17, and the sunrise of the last frost is now on March 25th, and the interval between the first frost and the last frost is 139.9 days. The longest frost period in history is 169 days (1909-10 years) and the shortest is 9 1 day (1945- 1946 years).

4. cold spring

Refers to the disastrous weather in which the average temperature is lower than 2-3℃ from March to April, accompanied by rainfall and strong winds in the north, which often brings freezing damage to overwintering crops and fruit trees.